Rudless

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Rudless
City of Lauterbach
Coordinates: 50 ° 35 ′ 49 ″  N , 9 ° 25 ′ 4 ″  E
Height : 429  (413–452)  m above sea level NN
Residents : 66  (December 31, 2016)
Incorporation : April 1, 1939
Postal code : 36341
Area code : 06641

Rudlos is the smallest district of the district town Lauterbach in the Vogelsbergkreis in central Hesse .

history

The former manor house of the Barons Riedesel zu Eisenbach

middle Ages

The oldest surviving mention of the place “Rudolfs” can be found in a document from 1341. In 1365 Heinrich von Eisenbach sold the property in Rudolfs to a Heinrich von der Au for 30 pounds of Heller Lauterbach currency.

When the men of Eisenbach died out in the male line in 1428, Herrmann II. Riedesel (1407–1463) was the new bailiff of the Fulda possessions in the Lauterbach area. His marriage to an Eisenbach heiress and his prudent and determined policy, which also included the severance payments for the other Eisenbach daughters and their husbands, secured the entire area around Lauterbach for him and his family over time. This included Rudlos, which was, however, soon destroyed it and left: in 1435 is Ruôdolfs in the title deeds of the Abbey of Fulda as desert drying referred. The place was probably haunted in the course of the feuds that were fought after the Eisenbachers died out for their fiefdoms that had fallen back to different feudal lords and were given again by them. The feud between Abbot Reinhard von Meilnau and the brothers Hermann III was the longest and bloodiest . and Georg I. Riedesel during the years 1465–1471, in which most of the villages between Lauterbach and Fulda were devastated.

Until the proclamation of the Eternal Peace in the Holy Roman Empire by King Maximilian I in 1495, with which feuding was banned, the Riedesel were almost continuously in feud with one or more ecclesiastical or secular lords. Only then did they come to repopulate and rebuild Rudlos.

Modern times

The small town was incorporated into the city of Lauterbach with effect from April 1, 1939, together with Blitzenrod . A local district with a local advisory board and mayor was set up for Rudlos .

Riedeselsches Hofgut

The Riedeselsche Hofgut has always played a central role in the village. From 1928 the estate was leased to Heinrich Wicke , who made it a modern and innovative company in the field of animal husbandry and thus laid the basis for later use as an experimental estate . In 1942, the Riedesel family sold the entire estate including the manor house to the Behringwerke , from which it was transferred to Bayer AG via IG Farben after the Second World War . It was operated as a "test and sample product". In the years 1954 to 1957, the entire building complex, with the exception of the old manor house and the church, was demolished and rebuilt according to the latest organizational findings at the time. The company has now become an experimental farm for veterinary medicine and veterinary drugs .

In 1966 Bayer AG sold the property to the Nassau Central Study Fund , which immediately leased it to the Justus Liebig University in Giessen . The estate with its approximately 450 hectares was made available to the Institute for Animal Breeding and Pet Genetics as a teaching and experimental operation in animal production. In the beginning, many different types of livestock were kept: laying hens, milk sheep, ewes, breeding and fattening pigs, milk and beef cattle and work horses. Over time, the focus of research shifted and the number of animal species kept decreased accordingly. First the work horses were replaced by tractors, later the laying hens were abolished. Breeding pigs and dairy sheep followed in the 1980s, and ewe farming ceased in 1993 and dairy farming in 1997. From 1987 the focus was on beef cattle husbandry with breeding and feeding experiments with up to 300 cows and heifers and feeding experiments with around 700 fattening pigs . In addition, the requirements of landscape maintenance by animals, the environmentally friendly disposal of large animal populations and energy issues were included in the investigations.

On December 31, 2009, the university closed its teaching and testing facility for animal breeding and domestic animal genetics in Rudlos for cost reasons. The previous administrator of the experimental estate, who continues to run it as an agricultural business, became the new tenant of the Rudlos estate. Pig fattening was taken over and continued unchanged, but suckler cow husbandry was reduced to only 16 suckler cows with their calves.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Rudlos was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Law

Substantive law

In Rudlos, the Riedesel'schen ordinances from the 18th century were considered particular law . The Common Law applied only to the extent those regulations did not contain provisions. Theoretically, this special right retained its validity even while it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the 19th century, but only individual provisions were used in judicial practice. The particular law was replaced on January 1, 1900 by the civil code that was uniformly valid throughout the German Empire .

Court constitution since 1803

In the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt , the judicial system was reorganized in an executive order of December 9, 1803. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The jurisdiction of the first instance was carried out by the offices or the landlords and so from 1806 the " Riedeselsche Patrimonialgericht Altenschlirf" was responsible for Rudlos . The court court was the second instance court for normal civil disputes, and the first instance for civil family law cases and criminal cases. The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

With the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in 1806, this function was retained, while the tasks of the first instance were transferred to the newly created regional courts in 1821 as part of the separation of jurisdiction and administration. "Landgericht Altenschlirf" was therefore from 1821 to 1853 the name of the court of first instance in Altenschlierf, which was responsible for Rudlos. In 1853 the regional court was moved to Herbstein.

On the occasion of the introduction of the Courts Constitution Act with effect from October 1, 1879, as a result of which the previous grand ducal Hessian regional courts were replaced by local courts in the same place, while the newly created regional courts now functioned as higher courts, the name was changed to the Herbstein Local Court and assigned to the district of the regional court Pouring .

Population development

Rudlos: Population from 1834 to 2015
year     Residents
1834
  
 104
1840
  
 107
1846
  
 103
1852
  
 99
1858
  
 104
1864
  
 85
1871
  
 88
1875
  
 94
1885
  
 110
1895
  
 109
1905
  
 105
1910
  
 112
1925
  
 153
1970
  
 ?
1995
  
 ?
2003
  
 84
2005
  
 72
2011
  
 72
2015
  
 66
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

politics

The head of the village is Andrea Gießler (as of November 2016) .

Cultural monuments

Church in Rudlos
The bakery

In 1620 they had the manor house , which is now a listed building, built on their estate . Remains of earlier buildings from the time the estate was founded are no longer there. The estate was owned by the Riedesel family until 1942, and most of the able-bodied residents of the small town worked on the estate. After the Second World War , numerous expellees from the Sudetenland settled in Rudlos and found work on the estate.

In 1691, about 60 m east of the manor house, in the center of the village, as the successor to a chapel mentioned in 1457, the small half-timbered church, which is now also listed, was built, the smallest half-timbered church in Upper Hesse . It is a simple stand construction , which today is partially covered with shingles . The nave is covered by a half-hip roof on which there is a small six-sided canopy ridge . The bell was cast in the 16th century and comes from the former Lauterbach Wendelskapelle . In the nave there are three galleries decorated with eight images of the apostles , and a pointed choir arch optically separates the chancel from the congregation.

Another listed gem is the small bakery; it is still used today by Rudlos residents to bake bread and cakes.

literature

  • Walter Krug: City of Lauterbach (Hesse). Series »Monument Topography of the Federal Republic of Germany: Cultural Monuments in Hesse«, published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-2021-6 .
  • Search for Rudlos in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Rudlos  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Population figures according to districts. (PDF; 55 kB) In: Internat appearance. City of Lauterbach, archived from the original ; accessed in May 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b c Rudlos, Vogelsbergkreis. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of May 24, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on August 8, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Schlitzer Bote, February 13, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / archiv.schlitzerbote.de  
  4. ↑ The feud even became part of the Hessian fratricidal war from 1469 , since Ludwig II. The Riedesel, his brother Heinrich III. but the abbey supported.
  5. ↑ Incorporation of the communities of Blitzenrod and Rudlos into the city of Lauterbach on February 22, 1939 . In: Reichsstatthalter in Hessen (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1939 no. 5 , p. 26 , no. 1711 / J / 38 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 10.9 MB ]).
  6. ↑ main statute. (PDF; 30 kB) §; 6. In: Website. City of Lauterbach, accessed March 2019 .
  7. ↑ Rudlos teaching and testing facility
  8. ↑ Schlitzer Bote, February 13, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / archiv.schlitzerbote.de  
  9. ^ Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung: University gives up experimental farm in Rudlos in 2009
  10. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 23 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 425 ( online at Google Books ).
  13. ↑ Arthur Benno Schmidt : The historical foundations of civil law in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . Curt von Münchow, Giessen 1893, p. 29, note 92 and p. 103, note 14.
  14. ^ Ordinance on the implementation of the German Courts Constitution Act and the Introductory Act to the Courts Constitution Act of May 14, 1879 . In: Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (ed.): Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette. 1879 no. 15 , p. 197–211 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 17.8 MB ]).
  15. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  16. ↑ Mayor in the districts. In: Internet presence. City of Lauterbach, accessed on May 22, 2018 .
  17. ↑ This date is included in the Hessian monument list; in other places 1770 is given as the date of origin.
  18. ↑ The former Lauterbach Sankt Wendelskapelle