Samuel Henzi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Samuel Henzi, title page LA CONQUETE DE LA SAXE (1745)
Samuel Henzi, stucco relief by Otto Kappeler (1884–1949) on the ceiling of the foyer in Bern's town hall (1942).
Samuel Henzi, La bataille de Friedberg [...] (1746)

Samuel Henzi (baptized April 19, 1701 in Bümpliz near Bern ; † July 17, 1749 in Bern) was a Swiss writer, politician and revolutionary .

Life

Samuel Henzi was born the son of the pastor Johannes Henzi (1667–1740) and Maria Katharina Herzog. In his position as copyist and bookkeeper at the Bernese salt chamber, he was self-taught and possibly taught the patrician daughter Julie Bondeli as a tutor . In the hope of a career and fortune, he bought a captain's position in the service of the Duke of Modena , but failed miserably.

In 1744, Samuel Henzi was expelled as a signatory of a memorial for the restoration of the old constitution of Bern by resolution of the state's grand council. In Neuchâtel he was editor of the Mercure Suisse , and employee of the Journal hélvetique . Henzi wrote several French poems, some under the pseudonym MOLEEBH. From 1747 he published the three-volume La messagerie de Pinde , which contains an ode and a sonnet for the election of the Bernese mayor Christoph Steiger . He wrote an ode to Frederick the Great and supported Johann Jakob Bodmer in his polemic against Johann Christoph Gottsched . In 1748 he was pardoned and worked in Bern as a sub-librarian. In his application as senior librarian, Johann Rudolf Sinner, then only 18 years old, was preferred.

In 1749 he and his brother-in-law, the businessman Samuel Niklaus Wernier, got involved in a conspiracy which aimed to overthrow the Bernese government and which was known as Burgerlärm , later referred to by foreign newspapers as the Henzi conspiracy . The group of dissatisfied remained relatively small and divided. Henzi himself described himself on one of his title pages as Patricien de la Ville et République de Berne . The company was betrayed by the theology student Friedrich Ulrich (1720–1781) and Henzi was executed with the two other participants, Samuel Niklaus Wernier and Emanuel Fueter, lieutenant in the city guard.

In 1762 his drama Grisler ou l'ambition punie about Hermann Gessler (= Grisler) and Wilhelm Tell appeared posthumously and anonymously . The day sled made about his legacies contains 52 books in German, French, Italian and Latin.

family

The Henzi family, who have lived in Bern since the mid-16th century , produced numerous theologians. Samuel Henzi's godparents were the future mayor Christoph Steiger (I.) , his uncle and city doctor Samuel Herzog (1673–1743) and Maria Magdalena Zeerleder. His grandfather was the red tanner Johannes Henzi (1637–1706), Kastlan zu Zweisimmen. His first marriage was to Rosina Wernier (1709–1738), his second marriage to Esther Fischer (1719–1738) and his third marriage to Katharina Malacrida (1707–1751), daughter of the watchmaker and banker Niklaus Malacrida (1658–1742) ). Katharina Malacrida was the cousin of Maria Magdalena Malacrida, married to Samuel Güldin (1664–1745), pastor in Stettlen and Bern. Güldin was removed from office in 1699 as a co-founder of the pietistist reform movement within the church and expelled from the country in 1702. Christoph Steiger (I.) was also the godfather of Güldin's third child. Samuel Henzi's godmother Maria Magdalena Zeerleder was first married to the Pietist parish vicar Johannes Müller (1668–1705), and his second marriage to Daniel Knopf (1666–1738), agent of the Malacrida bank. Like the Malacrida, Daniel Knopf was one of the pietistic circles.

Henzi had two sons from his first marriage, Rudolf Samuel Henzi (1731–1803), court master of the Prince Governor's pages in The Hague, publisher and writer in Paris; the other lived in Noyon. Ludwig Niklaus Henzi (1748–?), A lieutenant colonel in Hungary, survived from his third marriage.

reception

The conspiracy received a lot of attention in the foreign press and was portrayed there in a partially transfigured manner. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing made Samuel Henzi the subject of one of his unfinished drama, dated 1749 and first published in 1753, entitled Samuel Henzi . Lessing explained his concept as follows: I want to tell you what my intention was with it: It was this: to portray the rebel in opposition to the patriot, and the oppressor in opposition to the true chief. Henzi is the patriot, Dücret the rebel, Steiger the real leader, and this or that councilor the oppressor. Henzi, as a man in whom the heart was as excellent as the spirit, is driven by nothing but the welfare of the state; no selfishness, no desire to change, no revenge inspires him; he seeks nothing but to extend freedom to its old limits again, and seeks it by the most gentle means, and when these should not work, by the most cautious force. Dücret is the complete opposite. His virtues are hatred and thirst for blood, and recklessness is all his merit.

In 1766, Johann Caspar Lavater compared Samuel Henzi with Sokrates in his periodical The Reminder by stating that Henzi found the Feyer's dress of the person in authority present at his execution so comical that he had to laugh about it. Due to criticism, Lavater withdrew the statement shortly after its publication, stating that it was just an unconfirmed anecdote.

In this house, called Henzistock, the group around Henzi met. The house was demolished in 1977 and rebuilt in 1981 at Wittigkofen Castle (photo 2020).

There is no known contemporary portrait of Henzi. The portrait of Samuel Henzi by Sigmund Barth , often shown in connection with Samuel Henzi, is a depiction of the Bernese turner Samuel Cornelius Henzi (1718–1777). In 1942, Samuel Henzi received a memorial as a stucco relief on the ceiling of the foyer of the Bern city hall , which was placed in a gallery of historical figures from Bern’s history.

Samuel Henzi inspired the Bernese author Martin Bieri for his literary work Henzi Sulgenbach , published in 2020 . A Lessing implant. The Sulgenbach is mentioned in the title because the conspirators met in 1749 at the Sulgenbach at Giessereiweg 22.

Lore

The historian Johann Anton von Tillier (1792–1854) complained about the lack of documents on burger noise in the archives of the Bernese government. The archive inventory from 1826 mentions documents for cabinet no. 3: “Cahier because of the discovered Conspiration of 1749, 2 volumes. Also: Manual concerning the conspiration discovered in 1749. " The historian and politician Bernhard Rudolf Fetscherin discovered the files were missing in 1834, and the absence was confirmed when the state secretary Albrecht Friedrich May handed over the state archives to his successor Gottlieb Hünerwadel in 1837. Fetscherin kept the tower book from 1749 for a long time, which he returned in 1849 at the request of Ulrich Ochsenbein . In 1892 Heinrich Türler noted that the files that had been missing since 1837 were still missing. In July 2019, the Bern State Archives announced that the manual had returned to the holdings of the canton of Bern after the conspiracy discovered in July 1749 in the city of Bern.

Fonts

  • Epitre à son Altesse Royale Madame la Duchesse de Modéne , 1745.
  • La conquete de la Saxe. Ode , 1745. doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-29505
  • La bataille de Sorr en Bohème. Ode , Neuchâtel 1745.
  • La bataille de Friedberg. Poëme par M. Samuel Hentzi, patricien de la Ville & République de Berne, capitaine aux gardes de SAS Monseigneur le duc de Modène , 1746. limited preview in the Google book search
  • Amusement de Misodeme ou pieces fugitives En Prose et en Vers , 1745.
  • La messagerie de Pinde , 1747. doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-27729
  • Ode a son Excellence Monseigneur Christofle Steiguer, sur son avenement au Consulat de la République de Berne , 1747. e-rara.ch
  • Homere travesti , 1747. limited preview in Google Book search
  • Fables by Samuel Hentzi, as implied in the conspiracy at the time in 1749, and for this reason they were beheaded, composed and found among his writings among others , Mss.Mül.180 (19b) in the catalog of the Burgerbibliothek Bern
  • Grisler, ou, L'ambition punie. Tragédie en cinq actes , 1762.

swell

literature

  • Paul Bamert: Conspiracy in Bern. Dedicated to the Bern church on the anniversary of the Reformation , Münsingen 1978.
  • Angelica Baum et al. (Ed.): Julie Bondeli. Letters , Zurich 2012.
  • Verena Bodmer-Gessner:  Henzi, Samuel. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 568 ( digitized version ).
  • Hans Braun: Henzi, Samuel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Johann Jakob Bäbler : Samuel Henzi's life and writings. Aarau 1879
  • Johann Jakob Bäbler:  Henzi, Samuel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 12-14.
  • Rudolf Dellsperger: The Beginnings of Pietism in Bern. Source studies , Göttingen 1984.
  • Anne-Marie Dubler : Henzi conspiracy. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Norbert Furrer: The burger's book. City of Bern's private libraries in the 18th century , Zurich 2012, pp. 377–385.
  • Manfred Gsteiger, Peter Utz (eds.): Tell dramas of the 18th century , Bern and Stuttgart 1985.
  • Manfred Gsteiger: conspirator and man of letters. Samuel Henzi, a French writer from the Bernese Ancien Régime. In: Swiss monthly magazine for politics, economy, culture 64 (1984), issue 5 doi : 10.5169 / seals-164143
  • Hans Henzi: Recovered manuscripts on burger noise 1749 from the estate of Prof. Rudolf Henzi, 1794-1829. A contribution to the references by R. Fetscherin, Ch. Monnard and A. von Tillier. In: Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde 13 (1951), pp. 40–52. doi : 10.5169 / seals-242191
  • Xavier Kohler: Les oeuvres poétiques de Samuel Henzi, étude suivie de quelques notes relatives à la conspiration bernoise de 1749 . In: Actes de la Société jurassienne d'émulation, tome 21 (1869) doi : 10.5169 / seals-684315
  • Maria Krebs: Henzi and Lessing. A historical-literary study , Bern 1903.
  • Gottlieb Kurz: A contribution to the Henzi conspiracy of 1749. In: Blätter für Bernische Geschichte, Kunst und Altertumskunde , Volume 10, Issue 1 (1914), pp. 38–43 doi : 10.5169 / seals-181224
  • Isabelle Noth: Ecstatic Pietism. The inspiration communities and their prophet Ursula Meyer (1682-1743) , Göttingen 2005.
  • Reto Caluori: Samuel Henzi . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz . Volume 2, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 826 f.
  • Niklaus Starck : Samuel and the Henzi von Seewen, a family story . Porzio, Breitenbach / Ascona 2016.
  • Johann Anton von Tillier: History of the Federal Free State of Bern from its origins to its fall in 1798. Volume 5, 1838–1839, pp. 182–188. Google books
  • Pierre-Olivier Waltz: De quelques héros. Henzi, Chenaux, Péquignat, Davel , Genève 1943.

Web links

Commons : Samuel Henzi  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (4th ed. 1885–1892 and 5th ed. 1893–1898) writes Hentzi , but this spelling is rarely found anywhere else.
  2. ↑ Burger Taufrodel 1689-1711, VA BK 331, p. 397. in the catalog of the Burgerbibliothek Bern
  3. ↑ Baum 2012 IV, p. 1515.
  4. ↑ Gsteiger 1984, p. 437.
  5. ↑ von Tillier 1839 5, p. 175.
  6. ↑ Baum 2012 IV, p. 1515.
  7. ↑ MOLEEBH = Monsieur l'officier de Leurs Excellences bernoises Henzi.
  8. ↑ Baum 2012 IV, p. 1515.
  9. ↑ Gsteiger 1984, p. 434.
  10. ↑ Gsteiger 1984, p. 434.
  11. ↑ Gsteiger 1984, p. 434.
  12. ↑ directory for bankruptcy official auction.
  13. ↑ Furrer 2012, pp. 377–385.
  14. ↑ Burger Taufrodel 1689-1711, VA BK 331, p. 397. in the catalog of the Burgerbibliothek Bern ,
  15. ↑ Jolanda Leuenberger-Binggeli: Nikolaus Malacrida. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  16. ^ Rudolf Dellsperger: Samuel Güldin. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  17. ↑ Noth 2005, p. 65; the Burgerbibliothek Bern keeps a letter from Güldin to Christoph Steiger (I.), see Mss.hhXIII.102 (21) .
  18. ^ Daughter of Niklaus Zeerleder (1628–1691), provisional in Bern, cantor, pastor in Kirchberg / BE, dean of Burgdorf and Katharina Dürrholz.
  19. ↑ Dellsperger 1984, p. 122.
  20. ^ Anne-Marie Dubler : Henzi conspiracy. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  21. ^ Albert Meier: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing; Lessing as a Gottschedian; Samuel Henzi / The young scholar. (PDF) In: Literaturwissenschaft-online. 2008, archived from the original on May 5, 2014 ; accessed on May 8, 2009 (lecture summer semester).
  22. ↑ Baum 2012 II, p. 861.
  23. ↑ Baum 2012 II, p. 861.
  24. ↑ Building inventory Bern ( PDF 2017 )
  25. ↑ See Wikimedia Commons
  26. ↑ Martin Bieri - Henzi Sulgenbach. In: abendschein.ch. Retrieved February 26, 2020 .
  27. ^ Berchtold Weber: Giessereiweg. In: Historisch-Topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern, Bern, 2016. Retrieved on February 26, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Alexander Sury: A Forgotten Conspirator . In: The Bund . February 17, 2020, ISSN  0774-6156 ( derbund.ch [accessed February 26, 2020]).
  29. ↑ Henzi 1951, p. 41.
  30. ↑ Henzi 1951, p. 41.
  31. ↑ Fetscherin's son Rudolf Friedrich Fetscherin was married to Eugenie Louise Fueter (1833–1900), great-great-granddaughter of the “conspirator” Gabriel Fueter (1714–1785).
  32. ↑ Henzi 1951, p. 41.
  33. ↑ Tower book, Volume 1749, B IX 493 in the catalog of the State Archives Bern .
  34. ↑ Henzi 1951, p. 41.
  35. ↑ Henzi 1951, p. 41.
  36. ↑ Press release of July 10, 2019 by the Canton of Bern.
personal data
SURNAME Henzi, Samuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hentzi, Samuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss writer, politician and revolutionary
DATE OF BIRTH 1701
PLACE OF BIRTH Bümpliz
DATE OF DEATH July 17, 1749
Place of death Bern