Sandhofen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sandhofen
City of Mannheim
Sandhofen coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 32 ′ 41 ″  N , 8 ° 26 ′ 36 ″  E
Area : 26.71 km²
Residents : 13,482  (Dec. 31, 2015)
Population density : 505 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1913

Mannheim-Sandhofen is a district in the north of Mannheim and also forms the district of Sandhofen.

geography

Sandhofen is in the north of Mannheim. In the east the suburb borders on Schönau , in the south separated by an old Rhine arm the Friesenheimer Insel . On the other side of the Rhine in the west is Ludwigshafen am Rhein in Rhineland-Palatinate , and Lampertheim in Hesse in the north .

history

Schar (hof) was mentioned for the first time in the Lorsch Codex in 764, two years before Mannheim . It was to remain the mother community of Sandhofen until the 16th century , which was first mentioned in a document in 888 as "Sunthove". They initially belonged to the Lorsch monastery until Count Palatine Rudolf sold the local rule to the Schönau monastery in 1300 . Kirschgartshausen , located to the north, was founded by the Worms Monastery and was first mentioned in a document in 1247. The small settlement was originally called Husen (Hausen) and fell through sale to the Kirschgarten (Worms) monastery in 1275 , which is why its name was placed in front of the original and it was now called Kirschgartshausen . The nuns ran an agricultural estate there with an associated St. Gangolf chapel and sold the property to the Electoral Palatinate in 1422 . At the end of the 15th century, Sandhofen had around 240 inhabitants. With the relocation of the cemetery, Sandhofen became independent in 1587. During the Thirty Years War the place was destroyed in 1621 and 1634 and the community was almost completely depopulated. In the Palatinate War of Succession , Sandhofen was destroyed again in 1689. By 1727 the population rose to 320. East of Scharhof, the Electoral Palatinate tried to remove the deposits of a former arm of the Rhine as sand and peat. From 1786 the district name Sandtorf was formed .

With the end of the Electoral Palatinate, the places came to Baden at the beginning of the 19th century . In 1810 the town hall was built in Sandhofen. In 1852 the place had 1540 inhabitants. The Friesenheim Island was created in 1862 through the correction of the Rhine according to Tulla's plans . The district previously belonging to Bavaria was added to Sandhofen. From 1879 the Riedbahn separated Sandtorf from the other places. In 1884 the pulp factory settled on the Old Rhine. In 1895 the Friesenheimer Insel was ceded to Mannheim. In 1899, Sandhofen incorporated the Scharhof, but was incorporated by Mannheim itself in 1913. In the First World War , more than 200 Sandhöfer fell. In 1920 the tram route to the pulp factory was opened, two years later the town center was reached. In 1930 Kirschgartshausen and Sandtorf were also incorporated into Mannheim. From 1933, the Reich Labor Service drained the break west of the railway line. 1934–38 more than 50 settlement houses were built there, which formed the core of the Blumenau . The name goes back to a nursery with an excursion restaurant that opened in 1911.

Rhine Bridge ( Theodor Heuss Bridge )
Sandhofen 1953, in the foreground the Friesenheimer Insel .

From 1939 onwards the motorway to Kaiserslautern was built. After a serious accident on the Rhine bridge , the work was initially stopped and only resumed after the Second World War . The highway cuts since the completion Sandhofen from the other four places.

In 1952, Bundesstraße 44 was opened to traffic. In 1964, the Altrheinbrücke to Friesenheimer Insel and the new Sandhofen School were inaugurated. In 1972 the construction of a nuclear power plant with 1,300 MW was planned. The plans were given up again in 1980. In 1988 Sandhofen celebrated its 1100th anniversary.

Population development 1439 1577 1777 1818 1875 1905 1910
Sandhofen 285 375 416 416 1944 6364 8213
Scharhof 152 85 210 277 s. O.
Sand peat 31 30th 54 77
Kirschgartshausen 70 115 95 46

Airfield

Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ludwigshafen Airport was inaugurated on May 16, 1925, and Mannheim became part of the important north-south axis of Aero LLoyd . In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the flights connected Hamburg and Zurich with a stopover in Mannheim. The Badisch-Pfälzische Luftverkehrs AG operated the 'Black Forest Route' between Constance, via Karlsruhe, Baden-Baden and Villingen. The Swiss airline Balair flew between Geneva and Amsterdam via Basel, Mannheim, Frankfurt and Essen. In 1926 this airfield was relocated to Mannheim-Neuostheim, today Mannheim City-Airport.

North of Sandhofen, the construction of the Sandhofen Air Base began in 1935 as part of the armament of the Wehrmacht . In 1938 it was inaugurated in the presence of Hermann Göring , Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force , under the name of Fliegerhorst Kaserne . In February and March 1937 the first units from Staaken Air Base came to Sandhofen with Jagdgeschwader 134. In the course of 1937, staff came from the Kassel- Waldau airfield , the predecessor of the Kassel-Calden airport , and from the A / B flying school in Detmold . In addition, the Fighter Wing 334 was set up here on March 15, 1937. It consisted of the staff and a total of nine squadrons. From the JG 334 the II./JG 53 PIK AS was set up on May 1st, 1939 . The units practiced dogfights almost every day. Over time, more and more units came to the air base and a flight school A / B was set up. As a result, many different aircraft types and units were used.

On August 14, 1944 in a bombing of USAAF 72 17 B- large parts of the air base destroyed. Eyewitnesses report a fire that lasted for several hours. Prisoners from the SS special camp in Hinzert had to repair the air base again. In March 1945, inmates had to blow up the entire airfield and some hangars with duds that had been collected from all over Mannheim in order to make it unusable for the approaching Americans.

On March 26, 1945, the US Army crossed the Rhine and occupied the area after two days of fighting. The American troops brought the airfield back to a condition suitable for flight operations within 4 days and gave it the temporary name Y-79. The first American pilot to form the vanguard of the Y-79 for his unit was Leo D. Volkmer . The first flying unit was the 358th Tactical Fighter Group, equipped with P-51 and P-38 . Until 1951, Y-79 was a huge tent city that supplied the American zone of occupation with supplies.

The US Army in Europe was then reinforced, motivated by the Korean War . On May 11, 1951, the Y-79 became the Coleman Installation , which consisted of the Coleman Barracks and the Coleman Army Airfield . On February 23, 1952, parts of the 8th US Infantry Division with 3,500 men and many tanks moved in. In the following years, the air base became the largest and only helicopter yard of the US Army outside the USA. In 1982 a huge shipyard was built. The responsible unit was the 502nd Aviation Regiment . By the early 1980s, Coleman had more aircraft movements than any other US Army airfield in Europe. In the late 1980s, things got quieter, with the end of the Cold War , the ground forces left Coleman and transport units of the 37th Transportation moved in.

From 1996 to the beginning of 2002 there was no airborne unit and no air traffic control. Since February 23, 2002 Coleman is active again. The hangars were renovated and the apron was greatly enlarged. A new tower, the largest and most modern in the US Army in Europe, was built. Coleman Radar , approach and departure control for Coleman and the civil airfields Mannheim Neuostheim, Speyer and Worms, moved in.

Subcamps of the Hinzert concentration camp and the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp

In September 1944, a satellite camp of the Hinzert concentration camp was set up at the Sandhofen air base . Up to 180 prisoners had to level the bomb craters, pour concrete in shelters and repair damage. From September 1944, there was also a branch of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp in Sandhofen . The prisoners housed in this so-called hunger camp, including over 1000 Polish men and young people who were abducted from their hometown during the Warsaw Uprising in the summer of 1944, were used as slave labor at Daimler-Benz , BBC and Heinrich Lanz AG , but also at Clean-up work after bombing raids and when building bunkers. The accommodation was in the middle of the residential area, in what was then Friedrichschule, today's Gustav Wiederkehr School.

At that time Friedrichschule, today's Gustav-Wiederkehr-Schule (middle building)

After the Second World War, a “culture of forgetting” began. When the rebuilt school was inaugurated in 1949, no mention was made of the past. As part of preliminary investigations by the state judiciary, the city administration received official knowledge of the concentration camp through an inquiry in 1968, without the public having been informed. In 1978 the Stadtjugendring became aware of the former concentration camp and laid a wreath on the day of national mourning. The public was informed again for the first time through a report by Mannheimer Morgen . In 1982 a memorial plaque was ceremoniously handed over in memory of the prisoners of the former Sandhofen concentration camp. Despite many other protests and objections, the Mannheim municipal council decided in 1987, at the instigation of the City Youth Association and the DGB, to set up a documentation center in the basement of the Gustav Wiederkehr School. This first memorial for one of the Natzweiler satellite camps in Germany and France was opened on November 12, 1990.

Politics, administration

town hall

According to the main statute of the city of Mannheim, the city district has a district advisory council, which includes 12 residents who are appointed by the local council according to the results of the local council election. They are to be heard on important matters that affect the municipality and advise the local administration and committees of the municipal council.

Political party 2019 2014 2009 2004 1999 1994
CDU 3 4th 5 5 7th 5
SPD 3 4th 6th 5 5 6th
AfD 2 1 0 0 0 0
Mannheim list 1 1 0 1 0 0
FDP 1 0 0 0 0 0
GREEN 2 1 1 1 0 1
left 0 1 0 0 0 0

As one of the eleven outer city districts, Sandhofen has a municipal secretariat, which is responsible for local administrative tasks.

Culture and sights

The Evangelical Trinity Church in Sandhofen dates from 1854. After the parish was divided, the modern St. James' Church was built in 1969 . The Catholic St. Bartholomew Church was built in 1896 as the first of a total of ten representative churches in Mannheim according to plans by Ludwig Maier . There is also a New Apostolic Church in Sandhofen.

The Protestant Jonakirche in Blumenau was designed by Helmut Striffler in 1962 . The Catholic St. Michael Church was completed in 1971 according to the plans of Heinz Heß .

life quality

There are many small shops along Schönauer Straße. There are also restaurants on site. Seven day-care centers take care of childcare. There is also a lively club life. The “Long Night of Art and Pleasures” and the dialect theater deserve special cultural highlights.

traffic

Sandhofen is connected to the Rhein-Neckar transport association by tram line 3 of the RNV .

There is a connection to the trunk road network via the Mannheim-Sandhofen motorway junction of federal motorway 6 .

A stop that existed on the Mannheim – Frankfurt am Main line at kilometer 13.6, formerly Mannheim-Blumenau , has been abandoned.

Personalities

literature

  • Fritz Heck: Chronicle of Sandhofen, Scharhof, Sandtorf and Kirschgartshausen together with the district plan and the incorporation conditions . Mannheim 1976
  • Alfred Heierling: The story of Sandhofen and Scharhof . Mannheim 1986
  • Alfred Heierling: The village of Schar and the Scharhof in the Middle Ages . Mannheim 1987
  • Alfred Heierling: 1100 years of Sandhofen, Festschrift . Mannheim 1988
  • Alfred Heierling: 1100 years of Sandhofen, anniversary book . Mannheim 1988
  • Alfred Heierling: Sandhofen series . Mannheim 1990
  • Alfred Heierling: 100 years of the Bartholomäuskirche Mannheim-Sandhofen . Mannheim 1994
  • Alfred Heierling: 50 years of Caritasheim Maria Frieden . Mannheim 1996
  • Alfred Heierling: Heimatchronik Mannheim-Schönau . Mannheim 1999
  • Alfred Heierling: 100 years of the Mannheim-Sandhofen jute colony . Mannheim 2000
  • Alfred Heierling: 100 years of Spielvereinigung Sandhofen 03 , Mannheim 2003
  • Alfred Heierling: Evangelical Trinity Congregation . Mannheim 2004
  • Alfred Heierling: Mannheim-Blumenau from the gardener's settlement to the district; a home chronicle (on the occasion of 70 years of Blumenau 1934-2004) . Mannheim 2005
  • Alfred Heierling: The Cistercian Abbey Schönau - Mannheim before the city was founded, Part II Volume 1. Mannheim 2006
  • Alfred Heierling: Dissertation Willy Klenck . Mannheim 2008
  • Alfred Heierling: Chronicle Mannheim-Schönau II . Mannheim 2008
  • Alfred Heierling: The village of Schar and the Scharhof - Sandhofen - Kirschgartshausen - Schönau - Blumenau and Sandtorf - Mannheim before the city was founded Part II Volume 2. Mannheim 2008
  • Alfred Heierling: 200 years Sandhofen town hall . Mannheim 2010
  • Alfred Heierling: 50 years of the Mannheim-Sandhofen bird protection and breeding association . Mannheim 2010
  • Alfred Heierling: 125 years of Volksbank Sandhofen . Mannheim 2011
  • Alfred Heierling: 55 years 1.SKG "Die Stichler" eV Mannheim-Sandhofen 1957–2012 . Mannheim 2012
  • Dirk Schulz: Fliegerhorst Sandhofen / Coleman Barracks and Airfield, an airfield through the ages Neulußheim 2005 and 2008

Individual evidence

  1. City of Mannheim: Population 2015 in small-scale breakdown. (PDF 679 kB) Statistical data Mannheim № 1/2016. March 30, 2016, p. 5 ff. , Accessed on June 8, 2016 .
  2. Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Note 1b “About the foundation of the Lorsch monastery”. In: Heidelberg historical holdings - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 49 , accessed on March 26, 2016 .
  3. Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 1), Certificate 47 June 12, 888 - Reg. 3528. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 107 , accessed on July 22, 2015 .
  4. Kirschgartshausen. leo-bw.de, discover regional studies online, accessed on January 27, 2015 .
  5. Sandhofen concentration camp memorial . Retrieved February 22, 2014.
  6. a b Main Statute of the City of Mannheim. (PDF 234 kB) VII. City districts and district councils, § 22. City of Mannheim, April 28, 2009, p. 10 , accessed on April 10, 2018 .
  7. SessionNet | City of Mannheim District Advisory Council Sandhofen. Retrieved November 6, 2019 .
  8. Railway Atlas Germany . 10th edition. Schweers + Wall, Cologne 2017, ISBN 3-921679-13-3 .

Web links

Commons : Sandhofen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files