Sankt Katharein an der Laming
Sankt Katharein an der Laming (former parish) |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Bruck-Mürzzuschlag (BM), Styria | ||
| Judicial district | Bruck an der Mur | ||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 28 '12 " N , 15 ° 9' 48" E | ||
| height | 651 m above sea level A. | ||
| Residents of the stat. An H. | 971 (January 1, 2019) | ||
| Building status | 415 (2001 ) | ||
| surface | 4.38 km² (December 31, 2018) | ||
| Postcodes | A-8611 Tragöß-Sankt Katharein | ||
| prefix | + 43/3869 (Sankt Katharein an der Laming) | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Community code | 62148 | ||
| Counting district / district | St.Katharein adLaming (62148 000) | ||
.png) Location of the former municipality in the Bruck-Mürzzuschlag district |
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| Independent municipality until the end of 2014; KG: Source: STAT : Directory of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; GIS-Stmk |
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St. Katharein an der Laming is a former municipality as well as a locality and cadastral municipality of the municipality of Tragöß-Sankt Katharein , Styria .
Until the end of 2014, St. Katharein an der Laming was a municipality in the political district of Bruck-Mürzzuschlag with 933 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019). On January 1, 2015, this was merged with the previously also independent municipality of Tragöß . The resulting new community is called Tragöß-Sankt Katharein . The basis for this was the Styrian Municipal Structural Reform Act - StGsrG.
geography
Geographical location
St. Katharein lies at an altitude of 653 to 1583 meters, roughly in the middle of the Laming valley, which flows into the Mürz near Bruck an der Mur . The area of the municipality was 4387.52 hectares (as of 2018) with 395 houses (2009). The district capital of Bruck an der Mur is twelve kilometers away by road.
geology
The community is located south of the Hochschwab massif in the eastern part of the Grauwackenzone. Their paleozoic rocks (phyllites, slates, sandstones, quartz conglomerates, limes, dolomites and magnesites) form the weakly metamorphic base of the Upper Eastern Alpine ceiling storeys. Spatmagnesite (Veitsch type) is mined in the Oberdorf district. The magnesium-containing solutions that converted the calcite most likely originate from the serpentinites in the subsoil of the East Styrian gneiss areas.
structure
The former municipality consisted of six cadastral communities or towns of the same name (area: as of December 31, 2018; inhabitants: as of January 1, 2020):
- Hüttengraben (782.55 ha, 65 Ew.)
- Oberdorf-Niederdorf (630.03 ha), village: Oberdorf (212 Ew.)
- Obertal (1,053.86 ha, 30 Ew.)
- Rastal (657.38 ha, 187 Ew.)
- St. Katharein an der Laming (131.98 ha), village: Sankt Katharein an der Laming (262 Ew.)
- Untertal (1,131.72 ha, 160 Ew.)
Former neighboring communities and places
Neighboring communities and places were until the end of 2014: Tragöß , Trofaiach , Proleb , Oberaich , Kapfenberg , Thörl and Etmißl .
history
The place St. Katharein an der Laming was first mentioned in a document in 1333 as "Sancta Katherina in der Lobnik". In 1353 it was called "Sand Katreyn in the Lomnik", in 1396 "Sand Kathrein" and "Dorfel in the Lobming", in 1439 "Sant Kathrein enhalben Pruk". Until the 19th century, there was no fixed rule "Sankt / Sand / Sant Kathrein", more rarely "Katrein" and "Katharein", Latin "Sancta Katharina". The location was always "in the Lobming, Loming / Laming" (or similar).
Only from the second half of the 19th century, when the regular population censuses began and the results of which were published in local repertories and community directories, can one speak of an official spelling. In the directories from 1850 to 1883 the place was only called "Katharein", between 1877 "Kathrein", 1890 "St. Katharein (in the Laming) ”. The name "Sankt Katharein an der Laming" has remained unchanged since the parish encyclopedia of 1904 (1900 census).
The river or valley name was mentioned earlier than the place: 1023 Lomnicha, 1114 Lomnika, 1230 Lomnich and similar forms. In 1434 the "a" appeared for the first time: Lamyng, 1484 Laming.
Old chronicles show that the village of St. Katharein an der Laming seems to be a planned church settlement. Originally, the entire Lamingtal belonged to the Göß monastery . In the 12th century, among other things, St. Katharein am Laming was handed over to the Stubenbergers by Emperor Ferdinand. The border testifies to the cross of the district judges, which divided the jurisdiction between the two rulers and can still be seen today at the bridge to the sports field of SV Styromag Laming .
According to legend, the Stubenbergers had today's branch church St. Alexius (related to the parish church in Hallstatt) built in 1333 instead of a small chapel. Services were held in this church, but it was not until 1372 that St. Katharein an der Laming was made a parish.
A chapel consecrated to St. Catherine of Alexandria was named as early as 1155 and the parish church, originally built in the Romanesque style, was rebuilt and enlarged to its present appearance in the late Gothic, i.e. at the end of the 15th century.
Since then, more and more people have populated the area around St. Katharein an der Laming. Mountain farmers and their servants in particular settled in the municipality and for a long time the municipality was mainly characterized by agriculture. There was talk of 30 houses with 190 souls.
The increasing industrialization of the Lamingtal, which began around 1880, completely changed the structure of the population. Financially strong people bought real estate and until then smaller, independent farms had to be given up. One can certainly speak of the death of farmers in the Lamingtal and thus draw parallels to the present day.
A society of industrial and forest workers emerged from the original agricultural population. In Untertal, in the area of the Loidolt forge, there was a wage mill and an old, dilapidated hammer forge, which was run by six workers and a hammer master. In 1890 this company (commonly known as "Hackenschmidt") was bought by the Carl Greinitz Neffen company and expanded into an exemplary company which, in its heyday, offered work for up to 100 employees. With the Federweißwerk founded in 1889 and the opening of the magnesite plant in Oberdorf in 1908, the population of the municipality of St. Katharein an der Laming rose to 900 inhabitants by 1910, starting from Untertal and Oberdorf, and reached a temporary high point in the 1960s with around 1500 inhabitants .
Weather shooting in the Untertal district
In the past, the weather influenced people's lives much more than it does today. It was very important to the survival of the agriculture-dependent society. A harvest destroyed by hail could mean economic ruin because social nets that would ensure survival were completely lacking at the time.
To protect themselves from weather damage, people practiced a variety of measures, and many customs arose in which superstition and belief were mixed. Noise was seen as an effective means of influencing the weather, and when thunderstorms approached, church bells were often rung to avert the impending disaster.
Weather shooting was originally based on the assumption that the demons responsible for the storms could be fetched from the sky by shooting and making noise. There are traditions according to which “weather witches” were shot out of hail clouds by angry farmers with their firecrackers, which were loaded with consecrated powder. This superstitious time was the height of the witch hunt , which is documented by hundreds of witch burnings and executions.
But in addition to these superstitious reasons, physical reasons were also increasingly cited for the supposedly positive effect of weather shooting. Above all, the noise and pressure should break up the clouds.
As already mentioned, in addition to superstition, it was also assumed that there were physical reasons for the positive effects of weather shooting. Empress Maria Theresa forbade all over the country the weather shooting, because allegedly the weather clouds were driven into other areas and there were repeated quarrels between neighboring communities.
In the time of industrialization, school education made superstition less and rational thinking came to the fore.
Despite the imperial ban, the Carl Greinitz Neffen company dealt intensively with weather shooting. From the original chronicle it can be inferred that the shooting tests proved themselves extraordinarily and therefore an international "weather shooting - test area" was set up in Untertal. On July 22, 1902, an international expert conference on the subject of weather shooting was held in Graz. The special thing about this event, however, was that the actual weather shooting in Untertal / St. Katharein at the Laming was held. Well-known personalities have appeared at the shooting range in Untertal and the media interest was enormous (Grazer Tagblatt, Bauernbündler, Tagespost, Morgenpost, etc.). Representatives from politics and science from Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Russia, Serbia, Hungary and even from overseas made our place known far beyond our borders.
The research results of that time formed the basis of today's hail defense, which is used throughout Austria.
Population development of the former municipality
| date | Residents | date | Residents | date | Residents | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 988 | 1923 | 1,429 | 1971 | 1,488 | ||
| 1880 | 1,024 | 1934 | 1,423 | 1981 | 1,344 | ||
| 1890 | 976 | 1939 | 1,366 | 1991 | 1,250 | ||
| 1900 | 1,021 | 1951 | 1,454 | 2001 | 1,178 | ||
| 1910 | 1,057 | 1961 | 1,475 | 2015 | 971 |
At the beginning of the 1920s, the population reached a level that remained roughly the same for decades with certain fluctuations. A decline then set in at the end of the 1970s and continues to this day. The 2001 census showed that both the birth balance and the migration balance had been negative over the past ten years . According to the 2001 census, there were 1178 inhabitants.
religion
The vast majority, 85.6% of the population, is Roman Catholic . The second largest group are the members of the Evangelical Church . Other religions remain far below 1% share. 9.8% of the population are without religious beliefs (2001 census).
Culture and sights
- Parish Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria: The current parish church is a late Gothic building that arose from the conversion of the originally Romanesque flat-roofed nave and the new construction of the choir in the second half of the 15th century.
- The church has a single nave with three bays, a retracted choir with two bays and a five-eighth end, throughout with star rib vaults. The two intersecting, free pointed ribs at the end of the choir are remarkable.
- The altars date from the 18th century, are made of wood, marbled and richly gilded. The most important, a painted winged altar (tempera on spruce wood) of Saint Martin, was created around 1430, as well as two panel paintings from around 1440 were donated to the State Museum in Graz in 1857 by the pastor Josef Schweiger.
- A Gothic tower is attached to the church. In July 1928 the church tower fell victim to a fire. In July 1931 the construction of the tower helmet began, which was completed on October 14, 1931. At the same time the church was thoroughly renovated. Since the church bells were withdrawn for war purposes in 1917, new bells had to be purchased, which were consecrated on October 25, 1931. Another interior renovation of the church took place in 1968/69, an exterior renovation in 1986/87 under pastor, Geistl. Councilor Johann Flasser.
- Filialkirche Sankt Alexius: The Filialkirche Sankt Alexius was built in the middle of the 15th century. The time of construction is based on an indulgence breve from 1444. It cannot be said whether the rare double choirs present here take account of a double foundation or whether it was the result of architectural considerations. In any case, the architect did not have to stick to older building remains. The church is characterized by its architectural style (floor and roof construction) and its frescoed ceiling.
- Forest Chapel Kircherlbrunn: On the shady slope opposite the village is the "Kircherlbrunn" chapel, which was once widely visited and to which pilgrimages were even carried out.
- Chapel of the Assumption of Mary: The chapel was originally located between the Lengger guest house and the Lammer farmhouse. In the course of renovation work and the widening of the street, it had to be removed. So it was decided to rebuild the chapel opposite the Gasthaus Lengger. The inauguration took place in 1955 by Auxiliary Bishop Dr. Leo Pietsch.
Economy and Infrastructure
Lamingtaler Schleppbahn
The Lamingtaler Schleppbahn was about 15 kilometers long narrow-gauge railway (track width 760 mm) led from Bruck an der Mur (freight station) to Oberdorf (magnesite works, today: STYROMAG). It was operated with steam and motor locomotives from 1920 to 1958.
education
- Parish kindergarten
- School center (secondary school and elementary school)
- Hollerbusch local library
politics
Mayor was Hubert Zinner ( ÖVP ) from January 11, 2007 until the end of 2014 . Vice Mayor was Klaus Lengger (ÖVP). The community treasurer was Werner Mikusch ( SPÖ ).
The council continued after the municipal elections in 2010 comprises 15 members:
- 10 ÖVP
- 5 SPÖ
Coat of arms of the former municipality
With effect from January 1, 1965, the municipality of St. Katharein an der Laming was granted the right to use a municipal coat of arms.
Blazon :
- "In the golden shield there is a green oblique right-hand bar covered with two silver spruce trees, which is accompanied by a red, spoke-free straightening wheel at the top and a black mining symbol at the bottom."
The coat of arms is equipped with several symbols and reminds of the past of the community on the one hand and the current occupation of the population on the other. The two spruces symbolize forest management and, with their silver color in the green sloping bar, the white-green national colors, while the mining symbol refers to the mining industry, which is still partly in existence today. The spoke-free straightening wheel refers to the wheel that broke when St. Catherine of Alexandria should have been braided on it to suffer the death of a martyr. The coat of arms was created by the akad. Painter Ludwig Kobel from Graz designed.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Styrian municipal structural reform .
- ↑ Section 3, Paragraph 1, Item 6 of the Act of December 17, 2013 on the reorganization of the municipalities of the State of Styria ( Styrian Municipal Reform Act - StGsrG). Provincial Law Gazette for Styria of April 2, 2014, No. 31, year 2014, ZDB -ID 705127-x , p. 2.
- ↑ Kiesl, W., Köberl, C. & Körner, W .: "Geochemistry of magnesites and dolomites at the Oberdorf / Laming (Austria) deposit and implications for their origin". Geologische Rundschau 79/2, pp. 327-335, Stuttgart 1990
- ↑ CSV file from REGIONALINFORMATION.zip (1,221 kB) ; accessed on January 12, 2019
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )