Fremersdorf Castle

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Partial view of the main building of Fremersdorf Palace , 2013

The Fremersdorf Castle in Saarland Fremersdorf , a district of Rehlingen-Siersburg is a historical building complex, whose origins as a medieval castle are probably in the 12th century. Some of the castle buildings preserved today go back to the Renaissance and Baroque periods ; today's main building was erected around 1797. The once impressive castle park was severely damaged by the alignment of the A8 along the Saar and significantly cut. The castle and park are privately owned by the von Boch family and are not open to the public.

description

One of the three massive square towers with a tent roof of the former Renaissance castle , 2013

From the access road, the ferry route originally leading to the banks of the Saar , two large gates open to the Upper and Lower Castle . The elongated main building in the Baroque style has two floors, which are separated by a cornice , seven window axes and a mansard roof . The structure and roof are separated by an eaves cornice . In the central portal axis, which protrudes slightly as a risalit and is framed by articulated pilasters , the building supports a balcony with a wrought iron grille. The coat of arms of the de Galhau family is placed above the pilasters flanked entrance portal with skylight and segmental arch . The farm buildings are grouped around the main courtyard in an imaginary horseshoe shape.

The former medieval castle complex has not been preserved. This was removed by 1620 at the latest when the Renaissance building was erected. Fragments of the surrounding wall and three rectangular towers with tented roofs , some of which still have loopholes , have been preserved from this Renaissance castle . From the original nine groups of putti in the palace gardens, only one still exists today. In the main building, the paneling and furniture from the 18th century have been preserved in some rooms. Oil paintings by the von Boch family adorn the walls.

history

According to the Book of the Dead of St. Vanne Abbey in Verdun , Oda, the wife of Duke Gottfried of Upper and Lower Lorraine , transferred the Fremersdorfer Herrenhof to the abbey in 1040 . Monastic possessions of this kind were often given to a bailiff or a subordinate designated by him, who in this case could have been a knight of Fremersdorf, for protection. In 1199, the abbey Saint-Vanne sold the manor to the in Trier -based Benedictine Abbey of St. Matthias . The Fremersdorfer manor could have originated around 1240 and was built as a moated castle between Geisbach (earlier spelling: Gaisbach) and Saar.

This medieval castle , which functions as a courtyard , was a predecessor of today's palace. For the first time in 1158, a Hermann was of Frummerstorf in a document of Lorraine Duke Matthew I. mentioned. In the 12th century, the family of the Knights of Frummerstorf owned the same name as the fiefdom of the Dukes of Lorraine . The feudal sovereignty later went to the Counts of Saarbrücken , who ceded it again to the Counts of Lorraine in 1581.

In the 12th and 13th centuries the lords of Fremersdorf are known to be knights and ministers ; a knight Alardus von Frimmersdorf was listed under the castle men of Montclair around 1295 . Their family coat of arms has five ears of corn arranged vertically and parallel to each other and a horizontally arranged zigzag bar, which indicates a relationship with the Lords of Gerlfangen , the Lords of Hilringen and the Lords of Siersberg , whose family arms are similar in this respect.

The family of the Lords of Fremersdorf was last mentioned in 1342, when Pope Clement VI. it has delegated three ministers, the inclusion of Regina, daughter of the late the same year Jakob von Fremersdorf in the Augustinian - pin Fraulautern cause. With this Jakob von Fremersdorf, the male line died out.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the lords of Burg Esch , the lords of Kerpen and the lords of Cronenburg were enfeoffed with the rule of Fremersdorf. In 1613/21 it was acquired by the lawyer Freiherr Wilhelm Marzloff von Braubach (1560–1633) who worked for the Duke of Lorraine .

Wilhelm Marzloff von Braubach had been Herr von Dillingen since 1591 and in 1590 married the wealthy Margarethe von Wiltz (* 1565), daughter of the governor of Thionville , Johan Freiherr von und zu Wiltz (1535–1607), and Claudia Freiin Beyer von Boppard (1550-1574). In Dillingen he built a renaissance castle at the beginning of the century and was probably the most important representative of his family, who came from the Rhineland . The formerly four-winged complex of the Dillinger Castle with its square inner courtyard and the square towers allows today an approximate idea of ​​what the predecessor of today's Castle in Fremersdorf might have looked like, which Baron von Braubach had built around 1622. Only relics of this former complex are preserved today, in particular three massive square towers. In 1661, Fremersdorf, surrounded by places from Lorraine, became French through the Peace of Vincennes .

When the von Braubach family got into economic turmoil, they sold their Fremersdorfer property, which was sold over several stops in 1737 to Jean Christophe de Galhau († 1767), whose family originally came from Namur , Wallonia . In the last year of his life, he described that barns and stables were part of the castle's estate. At that time there were three vegetable gardens (1 day's work ) and an orchard within the castle walls , behind the castle there were three day's work and the so-called Bach garden, along the Geisbach, which runs through the castle park towards the Saar. The distinction between the Lower Castle and the (older) Upper Castle was probably introduced during this period . Jean Christophe de Galhaus's son Jean Henri-Christophe de Galhau (1744–1787) had extensive construction work carried out, which can be traced back to the individual buildings by adding the year numbers. The western garden wall was built in 1775, the southern transverse wing in 1777, the western farm wing in 1780, the eastern farm wing and the side wing of the main building in 1782.

The French Revolution in 1789 and its consequences also affected Fremersdorf. On Epiphany in 1793, the lady of the castle Barbara (1754–1794), née Schmitt, widow of Jean Henri-Christophe de Galhau, was arrested on charges of conspiracy with the enemies of the French Republic. After imprisonment in Saarlouis , Metz and Paris , she and her father were guillotined on February 25, 1794 on the basis of a judgment by the Revolutionary Tribunal on Revolution Square in Paris . This event gave rise to a traditional legend about the castle cat in Fremersdorf, which had frozen to stone, which can be accessed via the individual references in this article.

Barbara's daughter, Marie Elisabeth Julie (1779–1862), married the French adjutant general Jean Gaspard Michel de Renauld (1757–1847), who in 1797 had the Upper Palace demolished and the baroque main building erected in its place. De Renauld acquired doors, window frames and bars as well as a number of late Baroque putti from Ferdinand Dietz from the holdings of the dissolved Kommende Beckingen of the Teutonic Order . He had these arranged in a total of nine allegorical groups of sculptures in the palace gardens, which, for example , symbolically represented the four elements fire, water, air and earth, others the five human senses .

Fremersdorf Castle later became the property of the Villeroy family. The son of the iron caster Nicolas Villeroy , the founder of the Fayencerie in Wallerfangen , from which the ceramics factory Villeroy & Boch later emerged, lord of the castle Charles Ambroise Villeroy (1789–1843) and his wife Marie Elisabeth Sophie, known as Georgette, spent large amounts on the To beautify the castle complex. The von Boch family has lived in the castle since 1887.

In the Second World War , the lands were affected by artillery fire , and a large part of the putti in the palace gardens were destroyed.

Castle chapel

A chapel already belonged to Fremersdorf Castle. In 1622 a castle chapel was built on the castle wall between the two portals and expanded in 1629. She was consecrated to Mary Magdalene . Preserved visitation protocols from the 18th century show that it was a building that is said to have been about the size of the neo-Romanesque Fremersdorfer parish church of St. Mauritius , with a "respectable" large altar. Such dimensions would be unusual for a palace chapel. In the parish chronicle of that time it says: "The chapel is of the kind that few comparable ones find ..." The St. Mauritius patronage was probably taken over by an older chapel belonging to the Lords of Fremersdorf. The bell tower of the castle chapel, which is said to have stood outside the castle wall, had two bells. In 1759 these were the reason for a dispute between the de Galhau family, who lived in the Upper Palace , and the Oberhausen family, who lived in the Lower Palace . The latter complained to the bishop that de Galhau had repeatedly failed to ring the bells. The chapel was damaged during the French Revolution and demolished in 1797.

location

From Rehlingen-Siersberg you can take Fremersdorfer Straße, the extension of which is Herrenstraße, about five kilometers along the Saar to the Fremersdorf district. After the Catholic parish church of St. Mauritius on the left, the Fährweg branches off to the right, which serves as the entrance to the area of ​​the castle and the Eugen von Boch estate administration. Until 1964, the villagers used the ferry route to get to the former ferry connection, the "Phar" or "Ponte", which was a connection to the right side of the Saar. This ferry belonged to the Lords of Fremersdorf until 1817 and was then leased to the state. The A8 motorway stretches between the current relic of the castle park, which historically reached as far as the banks of the Saar, and the course of the river. The Geisbach, which flows into the Saar, runs through the castle park.

Coat of arms

The local coat of arms of Fremersdorf shows, in addition to the Lorraine cross, two stylized rose petals and a rafter , which are borrowed from the coats of arms of the de Galhau and de Renauld families.

Web links

Commons : Schloss (Fremersdorf)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Fremersdorf Castle . In: Rehlingen-Siersburg community, on: rehlingen-siersburg.de
  2. ↑ Fremersdorf has almost everything you need to live . In: Saarbrücker Zeitung , on: saarbruecker-zeitung.de
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Stefan Flesch: Castle and Castle Fremersdorf . In: Joachim Conrad (ed.): Burgen und Schlösser an der Saar , 3rd expanded and newly designed edition, Minerva-Verlag Thinnes & Nolte, Saarbrücken 1993, ISBN 978-3-4770-0088-9 , pp. 208-211 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Emilie Stors: The castles in Fremersdorf . In: Fremdersdorf.de, on: Fremdersdorf.de
  5. ↑ Emilie Stors: The coat of arms of the Lords of Fremersdorf . In: Fremdersdorf.de, on: Fremdersdorf.de
  6. ↑ Meaning (political) . In: Burg Siersberg, on: burgsiersberg.de
  7. ^ Wolfgang Behringer , Gabriele B. Clemens : History of the Saarland . CH Beck, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-4065-8456-5 , p. 60.
  8. ↑ Guido Müller: The Villeroy and de Galhau families in Saarland (= Volume 6 of the communications of the Association for Local Studies in the Saarlouis District, special volume). Association for local history in the Saarlouis district, Saarlouis 1991, ISBN 978-3-9339-2617-3 .
  9. ↑ The cat of Galhau . In: Fremdersdorf.de, on: Fremdersdorf.de
  10. ^ Nicole Baronsky-Ottmann: The hidden collection of the von Boch . In: Saarbrücker Zeitung , August 24, 2016, at: saarbruecker.zeitung.de
  11. ↑ Traudl Brenner: The helping hand in the background . In: Saarzeitung , December 5, 2016, on: saarzeitung.de
  12. ↑ In neo-Romanesque walls. The parish church of St. Mauritius in Fremersdorf (podcast, Saarländischer Rundfunk, 17:00 min.), January 3, 2011. In: ARD Mediathek, on: ardmediathek.de
  13. ↑ a b Emilie Stors: The local coat of arms . In: Fremdersdorf.de, on: Fremdersdorf.de

Coordinates: 49 ° 24 '23.8 "  N , 6 ° 38' 58.4"  E