Moated Castle Glatt

Moated castle in Glatt

Moated Castle Glatt: Castle chapel with the surrounding moat

Moated castle in Glatt, main building

In the background the farm buildings

Wasserschloss in Glatt, economic building

The farm buildings facing the Glatt river

The moated castle Glatt is located in the village of Glatt , a district of Sulz am Neckar in the Glatt valley , Rottweil district , Baden-Württemberg .

It is one of the oldest Renaissance castles in southern Germany and one of the few preserved moated castles in the state of Baden-Württemberg. The castle has been in municipal ownership since 1971 and was extensively renovated from 1973 to 1989.

history

From the 13th century to 1671, rule of the von Neuneck : 1286 Heinrich von Neuneck (named 1282 to 1290) is Vogt in Sulz, which had been elevated to a town two years earlier. In 1296 his son Ulrich von Neuneck is proven to have a regular seat in Glatt. However, he must have lived there for a long time, as the parish church in Glatt had been consecrated at his request six years earlier. 1496 Hans von Neuneck (named 1454 to 1508) buys his part of the moated castle from Anton von Neuneck, who comes from a branch line. Anton builds a new seat on the other side of Glatt, the house in Gießen.
Peasants' War 1525
Agnes Apollonia Elisabeth von Neuneck , († 1677, in Speyer ), last member of her family and canoness in Münsterbilsen , bequeathed the castle to the Trier cathedral chapter , which sold it in 1679 to Baron Johann Franz Dietrich von Landsee.
1706 the resale to the monastery Muri (1706-1803)
1803 Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (until 1854 seat of a Hohenzollern Oberamt )

Since the incorporation of Glatt into Sulz am Neckar in 1975, the moated castle has been owned by the city of Sulz. The entire palace complex was completely renovated from 1973 to 1989.

Todays use

In November 2001 the culture and museum center Schloss Glatt was opened in the moated castle Glatt . It houses a total of four museum facilities in the main building and in the former tithe barn. As early as 1996, a farmer's museum was opened in the Zehntscheuer , in which rural and village handicrafts from the Rottweil and Freudenstadt districts are presented. In the castle museum , the history of the village of Glatt and the Glatt rulership is illustrated using exhibits that mainly come from the Siegfried Esslinger collection. The museum is operated by the city of Sulz am Neckar and co-sponsored by the citizens and cultural association Wasserschloss Glatt. The Adelsmuseum documents the history of the nobility on the upper Neckar and presents the armory with an extensive collection of weapons. The Schloss Glatt Gallery, which is sponsored by the Rottweil district and the Upper Swabian Electricity Works Association (OEW), is a regional art museum. In the permanent exhibition 170 exhibits on the so-called amber school are presented, in special exhibitions important works of art for the cultural area on the upper Neckar are shown.

In addition, the Schloss Glatt culture and museum center offers a cultural program. In the castle park there is a lime tree with a chest height of 7.01 m (2014).

Architecture and construction of the castle

The three-winged castle with four corner towers and a gate tower inserted into the shield wall stands entirely in a restored pond. In front of it there is a courtyard on the north side, which is enclosed on three sides by farm buildings. The half-timbered building in the west from 1768 with the gate passage is based on the old outer walls of the outer bailey. The castle barn from 1815 was placed in the middle over the old outer bailey wall. Here too there used to be an entrance to the castle. The north side of the forecourt - towards the Mühlgraben - is flanked by two round towers. The outer wall, angled by 22 °, has a protruding shooting range at its kink, from which the flanks could be painted.

Parts of the castle, which was built at the end of the 13th century, can still be recognized in the interior of the castle courtyard by the Gothic gate made of humpback ashlars. The gate tower that still exists today was placed in front of this gate passage in 1513. There was a drawbridge here until 1705 . The medieval castle probably consisted of a residential tower, the outer walls of which are identical to those of today's west wing, and a house whose floor plan corresponds to today's south wing. In the area of today's east wing there were probably only smaller buildings. The medieval castle was protected by a picket fence . The two gates to the forecourt directly adjoined the water surface. The outside of this water surface was surrounded by a picket fence in the shape of a horseshoe. The palisade was missing on the side in the inner courtyard, as it would have provided cover for an enemy who had entered. A second horseshoe-shaped fence enclosed the forecourt in the north, from gate to gate. The total length of the palisade was around 175 meters, for which around 1750 piles were required. As late as 1503, a Neunagonal interest book shows that the Rodt farmers had to deliver a total of 1,800 stakes.

Reinhard von Neuneck redesigned the medieval moated castle in the Renaissance style between 1533/34 and 1540. Clues for the start of work are provided by material flashovers for the planned construction on December 28, 1533 and the reference to a new quarry in a land register from February 1534. The completion of construction work in 1540 is indicated by the creation of a castle inventory on April 28, 1540 .

The two stairwells represent a special feature of the castle in terms of architectural history. The eastern staircase in particular still has a groin vault as a brick substructure for stone stairs. The different floor levels of the south wing and the two side wings also remained unchanged due to later renovations. So it is still the original version. The innovation was that the stairs are not in a separate extension and are not run along the outer walls, but are designed as two-armed, straight, turned stairs with an intermediate landing . Reinhard von Neuneck got to know this innovation in 1521 while traveling with Ottheinrich from the Palatinate to the Holy Land during the group's stopover in Venice in the newly built Fondaco dei Tedeschi .

The inventory mentioned above shows that the castle had two arcades one on top of the other. A walled-up niche discovered during renovation work in 1988 indicates that these were located opposite the entrance gate on the south wing, where they could best develop their representative effect.

The renaissance castle was also partially suitable for defense, whereby the focus was not on defending against large siege armies, but, as experience from the Peasants' War showed, on defending against roaming, looting troops and rebels. Today's window structure shows not only the existing window openings but also various types of mouth. In Reinhard's time, at least the window openings combined with mouth sockets are unimaginable. They were only added towards the end of the 16th century by Hans Caspar von Neuneck, who died in 1618. The inventory lists the following armament: in the inner courtyard a snake, i.e. a field gun with a barrel length of 18 feet (= 5.40 meters); in one of the four corner towers two falconettes on wheels and a bock bichslin on wheels; 63 lead balls for the falconette and cast models for such balls were stored in the rifle chamber; In addition, 20 hook rifles and a farmhands' double hagken , 23 rifles in three different designs, two firecrackers, crossbows and arrows and twelve halberds, but also ettlich old harness and durnier tools . Distributed in the castle, in front of and in the rooms, there were 17 pork skewers , seven throwing skewers , and five Rayß pikes each (probably for foot servants ) and rough skewers (probably for riders). This distribution, as well as the fact that a slaughtering sword and a pig spit were kept next to the bed in Reinhard's personal room , suggests that they wanted to protect themselves against surprise attacks and betrayal, as happened in the Peasants' War.

The forecourt was secured with a stone wall, flanked by the round towers mentioned above and still preserved today, and the shooting range used to secure the flanks.

Reinhard's merit for the architectural history of southwest Germany consisted in the direct adoption of building elements from the Italian Renaissance without going via France, in particular the symmetry of the complex and the new staircase. Design elements, such as the arcades, were restricted to the interior. The final move away from defensive building to representative building took place a generation later with the palace buildings of the Meßkircher Group .

The castle was extended in 1688 by the Landsee family and, as dendrochronological studies show, it was also gutted over a large area. The most important intervention is the addition of a further floor, which, although it increased the appearance of the castle, gave the inner courtyard a shaft-like effect. This effect was reinforced by the walling up of the two arcades. The chapel was expanded around 1700 by extending the choir beyond the wall.

There are several stucco ornaments in the castle chapel .

literature

Johann Ottmar: Reinhard von Neuneck, Ritter zu Glatt (1474–1551). Prince servants, travelers and pilgrims, captains, councilors and builders. Markstein-Verlag, Filderstadt 2005, ISBN 3-935129-22-X .
Imke Ritzmann: The moated castle in Sulz-Glatt / Baden-Württemberg. Studies on the palace construction of the Renaissance in southern Germany with special consideration of the fort-like palace complex. Inaugural dissertation, University of Freiburg im Breisgau, 2013, urn : nbn: de: bsz: 25-opus-94532 .

Web links

Commons : Wasserschloss Glatt - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ The moated castle in Glatt. Retrieved on August 13, 2020 (German).
^ Website of Glatt Castle: Castle Museum . Accessed July 30, 2020
↑ Schloss Glatt website: Galerie Schloss Glatt . Accessed July 30, 2020
↑ Glatt in the Directory of Monumental Oaks . Retrieved February 5, 2017
↑ The following comments on the system, unless otherwise specified, refer to: Johann Ottmar: Reinhard von Neuneck, Ritter zu Glatt. 2005, pp. 239–276, Chapter VIII: The construction and furnishing of Glatt Castle (approx. 1533–1540) by Reinhard.

48.386666666667 8.625Coordinates: 48 ° 23 ′ 12 " N , 8 ° 37 ′ 30" E

[1] The moated castle in Glatt. Retrieved on August 13, 2020 (German).

[2] Website of Glatt Castle: Castle Museum . Accessed July 30, 2020

[3] Schloss Glatt website: Galerie Schloss Glatt . Accessed July 30, 2020

[4] Glatt in the Directory of Monumental Oaks . Retrieved February 5, 2017

[5] The following comments on the system, unless otherwise specified, refer to: Johann Ottmar: Reinhard von Neuneck, Ritter zu Glatt. 2005, pp. 239–276, Chapter VIII: The construction and furnishing of Glatt Castle (approx. 1533–1540) by Reinhard.