Neckarburg

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Neckarburg
the remains of the wall seen from the Neckar valley

the remains of the wall seen from the Neckar valley

Creation time : probably 8th century
Castle type : Höhenburg, spur location
Conservation status: ruin
Standing position : Count
Place: Rottweil- Neckarburg
Geographical location 48 ° 11 '53.2 "  N , 8 ° 37' 8.8"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 11 '53.2 "  N , 8 ° 37' 8.8"  E
Height: 550  m above sea level NN
Neckarburg (Baden-Wuerttemberg)
Neckarburg

The Neckarburg is the ruin of an early medieval hilltop castle on an elongated circular mountain near Villingendorf in the urban area of Rottweil in the Rottweil district in Baden-Württemberg . It is owned by the Count of Bissingen and Nippenburg and the oldest castle complex in the district. The castle area is within the Neckarburg nature reserve . The juniper-covered "Bergle", which remained as a circulating hill in the Tockental, is scenic .

Geographical location

The Neckarburg ruins are located in the Neckar Valley upstream from Rottweil at 550  m above sea level. NN high circulation hill in a Neckar loop. From there you can reach the Michaelskapelle via the L 424 (old B 14 ) in the direction of Villingendorf and via the Neckar cycle path.

history

towering parts of the wall
the considerable remains of the wall of the Neckarburg

The castle was first mentioned as "Nehhepurc" in a document in 793 when the Alemannic Baargraf Berthold gave it to the monastery of St. Gallen and got it back as a fief . It was possibly built as a refuge by the Alemannic nobles of the Bertholden or the Alaholfinger . However, no structural remains have survived from this early period of the castle complex. On the other hand, parts of the moat and the surrounding weir system are still clearly visible .

The written tradition of the Neckarburg does not begin again until the 11th century, when it was owned by two noble families. From 1279 the castle was owned by the Counts of Sulz . In the 14th century it was divided into two parts, the front castle, the former outer bailey , owned by the lords of Neuneck , the rear castle, the original tower castle , was inhabited by the lords of Reute (Rüti). Both were fiefdoms of the Counts of Sulz and the Counts of Hohenberg . From 1375, the Counts of Wirtemberg had the right to open .

In 1379 the Neckarburg was badly damaged when the Lords of Neuneck were in dispute with the Wildensteiners . Then in 1387 the tower castle was called Burgstall , i.e. an uninhabitable castle, namely when the Sulzer Counts agreed with the Lords of Reute that the Counts of Reute's castle stable should get stones to build the wall. In 1580 the castle was bought by the Rottweiler family Spreter von Kreudenstein , at that time the rear castle was probably completely demolished and the front castle expanded as a representative castle . Both parts of the castle, the front and back of the castle, were demolished and the Neckarburg was rebuilt as a three-tower castle at another point, approx. 50 m away from the broken-down parts. A picture of the splendid castle at that time is preserved in the form of a painting by Johann Georg Glückher in the Michael's Chapel. This belonged to a hamlet below the castle that was lost in the 15th century. It is first attested in 1275. Until the renovation by the St. Georgen Monastery around 1700, the chapel was apparently rebuilt and rededicated in 1404. Around 1500 the choir was added to the chapel.

At the time of the Thirty Years' War , the castle was temporarily vacant, so it was no longer habitable from the 17th century. In the 18th century it came into the possession of the Sankt Georgen monastery in the Black Forest, together with the associated manor , whose abbot Michael Glükher had the castle chapel and the later parish church as well as the manor renewed. The high altar of the chapel was painted by Johann Georg Glückher (1653–1731), the abbot's brother, and consecrated to the Holy Trinity , Maria Assumpta , the Archangel Michael , John the Baptist , Saint Ursula , Saint Anthony and Saint Wendelin . The coat of arms marked 1711 over the door of the manor comes from this time. In 1836 the Counts of Bissingen-Nippenburg acquired the castle ruins and the manor.

Baroque cheeks with handcraft marks and an early Gothic Madonna have been preserved in the chapel. The gallery was built in its original form around 1770. During restoration work by the Stadtjugendring Rottweil (1979–1981) grave slabs from the 13th century were moved from the once walled cemetery into the interior of the chapel.

In the 1980s, the ruin was completely renovated by the Rottweil youth association.

The surrounding walls of the former castle are still preserved.

Namesake

Since 1990, there has been a local radio station, Radio Neckarburg , which is named after the Neckarburg.

The Neckarburg wooden bridge , built in 1951, stands below the castle ruins . A few kilometers to the northwest, the Neckarburg bridge of the A81 spans the Neckar valley, at the northern end of which the Neckarburg service station offers a good view of the valley.

Tourism and transport

The junction from the B 14 towards Villingendorf is marked. Parking spaces are available in front of the Hofgut Neckarburg. The Neckar cycle path from Rottweil is signposted.

literature

  • Max Miller (ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 6: Baden-Württemberg (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 276). Kröner, Stuttgart 1965, DNB 456882928 .
  • Wilfried Pfefferkorn: Castles of our country, Volume 3: Upper Neckar with Stuttgart and the surrounding area . J. Fink Verlag, Stuttgart undated (1973?), ISBN 3-7718-0241-5 , p. 15.
  • Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and neighboring areas . Verlag Südkurier, Konstanz 1984, ISBN 3-87799-040-1 , pp. 177-181.
  • Andrea Hahn-Weishaupt (edit.): Guide to Archaeological Monuments in Germany, Volume 29: The Rottweil District . Konrad Theiss Verlag , Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8062-1143-4 , pp. 144-146.
  • Winfried Hecht, Peter Müller: Kapellenwege in and around Rottweil . 2nd Edition. Rottweil 2019, p. 56 f .

Web links

Commons : Burg Neckarburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Wilfried Pfefferkorn: Castles of our country, Volume 3: Upper Neckar with Stuttgart and the surrounding area , p. 15.
  2. Andrea Hahn-Weishaupt (edit.): Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany, Volume 29: Der Landkreis Rottweil , p. 144 f. and Arthur Hauptmann: Castles then and now - castles and castle ruins in southern Baden and adjacent areas , p. 178 ff.