Pesch Castle

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Pesch Castle today, front of the main house from the southwest

The Pesch Castle is a three-wing hunting lodge in Meerbusch , midway between the hamlets Strümp and Ossum-Bösinghoven . In spite of its location in the former area of ​​the Electorate of Cologne , the castle has always been an independent property without any feudal obligation towards the Electorate Archbishop of Cologne.

Construction of the castle grounds

The main house, a two-storey, plastered building with 13 window axes, is located in a spacious castle park surrounded by three auxiliary buildings:

  • the former Rentei , a plastered, two-storey building with 7 window axes and a clock tower on the north side,
  • the three-winged estate , a brick building from 1795, on the south side, as well
  • the castle chapel between Rentei and the main building on the northeast side.

history

Origins

The property was first mentioned in 1311 as the Peschhof and appears in a document in 1368 when knight Godert Knop transferred "Haus Pesch" and other goods to his wife. In the immediate vicinity of the castle there are traces of settlement from Roman times. In 1863, for example, the Gripswald Matronen and Mercurius stones, six votive stones in honor of the "blessed Matron" and Mercurius Arvernus, were found between the neighboring Gripswald house and the castle . Older sources suspect the remains of a Roman field chapel there. The military road connecting the Roman cities or legion camps Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne), Novaesium (Neuss), Gellep-Stratum (Gelduba) and Colonia Ulpia Traiana (Xanten) ran not far to the east of the property. Remnants of the alignment were still visible until the middle of the 19th century.

16th to 18th century

Pesch Castle as "Peschoff" in a map from 1645 by the Dutch cartographer Blaeu
Pesch Castle in the map of Franz Johann Joseph von Reilly: The Archbishopric and Electorate of Kölln. Nro. 220., approx. 1800

The old Pesch Castle was looted and burned down during the Truchsessian War in 1583 . The ruins have been preserved in the park of today's castle . The mansion was rebuilt further west. In 1595 Emmerich Hurth von Schöneck inherited the house along with goods in Ossum and Ilverich .

After Emmerich Hurth (now from Schöneck zu Pesch) and his wife Magdalena, geb. von Merode, who had remained childless, their property in the Linn office fell to Edmund von Metternich (after 1605, probably around 1615). In the following years, between 1616 and 1669, several families fought for almost two generations over "House Pesch and its accessories, a farm in Ossum (Oßem) and a property in Ilverich (Eiluerich)" with a total value of 6,000 gold guilders. Members of the noble houses of Merode (Rhineland), Lützerode zu Klyff and Uettingen, Landschad von and zu Steinach and Uettingen (both from southern Germany), Wolfskeel von Reichenberg, Greck von and zu Kochendorf , Bawyr von Frankenberg and the were involved on the plaintiff's side Cologne bourgeois families Thoer and Bengeraths (who had bought into the property). Opposite them stood two daughters from the Metternich family, who had inherited the property from their brother Edmund and who were now married into the von Landschad and von Galen families. Apparently, the disputes were not fully settled until 1704.

In a map of the Archdiocese of Cologne from the Atlas Maior by the Dutch cartographers Willem Blaeu and Joan Blaeu from 1645, a Peschoff is recorded roughly at the current location .

In 1689 Pesch Castle became a scene of the Palatinate War of Succession . Immediately at the property there was a battle between Prussian and French troops who at that time had occupied the left bank of the Rhine. On the Prussian side, the first Dönhoff battalion of the Royal Prussian First Infantry Regiment under Lieutenant Field Marshal Hans Adam von Schöning was involved. The regiment consisted of 26,036 men and carried 79 artillery pieces. General Sourdy commanded the French troops. On March 13, first Bösinghoven and Ossum, then Strümp and later Büderich, became the scene of the fighting. The fighting for Ossum was particularly bitter, with 300 French grenadiers killed there alone. After the corps of Lieutenant General Hans Albrecht von Barfus had taken Ossum, the French were pushed back to occupied Neuss via Strümp and Büderich. They lost around 1,000 men. They had to give up their position in Linn. In the later course of the fighting, the Prussians also besieged Kaiserswerth , which was occupied by the French and had to capitulate on June 27, 1689.

In 1758, 47,000 French soldiers were encamped in and around the town of Fischeln to the north-west of Pesch Castle . On June 23, 1758, they were involved in the famous battle of Krefeld as part of the Seven Years' War . The evening after the battle, the French withdrew to Osterath , also a place in the vicinity of the property and today together with Schloss Pesch Meerbuscher urban area. Around this time the castle was already owned by Freiherr Matthias Gerhard von Hoesch, who received a seat in the state parliament from it. A few years earlier he had already acquired other property in the neighborhood, the small "Gerversgut zu Ossum" from the Ahren / Herbertz families.

In the autumn of 1789, Alexander von Humboldt, then 20, and the Dutch doctor and botanist Steven Jan van Geuns (1767–1795) traveled to the Lower Rhine together. The two separated briefly near Düsseldorf and van Geuns hiked via Schloss Pesch to Krefeld. Two works were created on the trip together: van Geuns' diary in the style of travel literature and Humboldt's first major scientific publication, Mineralogical Observations on Some Basalts on the Rhine .

Pesch Castle under the Lords of Hallberg

Coat of arms of the House of Hallberg, whose ancestral home was Pesch Castle. Motto "Fortis et fidelis"

Through the marriage of Henry Theodor von Hallberg († 1792) from the noble family Hallberg with Henriette Helene von Hoesch († 1807/1808), daughter of Matthias Gerhard von Hoesch (1698 to 1784) Castle Pesch came from the collection of Hoesch family to the Hallberg family.

In 1794 the property was looted again and burned down in 1795, this time by soldiers of the French Revolutionary Troops during the First Coalition War . Around this time Pesch Castle belonged to the Counts of Hallberg and was the headquarters of the Hallberg-Pesch line.

In 1797 the later founder of the spa town of Bad Gleichenberg (near Graz) and later Minister for Trade and Economics of Austria-Hungary, Mathias Constantin Capello, Imperial Count von Wickenburg called Stechinelli, was born at Pesch Castle. His mother was born Countess Hallberg.

According to official statistics, Pesch Castle had 20 permanent residents in 1828. The neighboring village of Ossum had 89 inhabitants, the surrounding estates Haus Hamm 12 and Haus Gripswald 10. The village and the three estates belonged to the mayor's office Strümp, which had a total of 831 Catholic inhabitants (1816: 716 inhabitants). It is noteworthy that the property was listed in the statistics as an estate and not as a castle. At that time there was still an extensive wooded area between Strümp, Ossum, Linn, Bockum, Oppum and Krefeld. Only in the further course of the 19th century were large areas cleared and made arable for arable land. A wide heather stretched from Bösinghoven to Fischeln, Willich, Anrath and Neersen. In the east there was an old arm of the Rhine, when the water was in high water, the Rhine came right up to the Herrenbusch between Strümp and Latum.

According to Duncker, a Henrietta Freiin von Hoesch, wife of Count von Hallberg , rebuilt the house in a castle-like manner from 1840 with a spacious garden. Probably 1804 is meant, because Henrietta died in 1808.

Pesch Castle under the Lords of Schweppenburg and von Arenberg

Pesch Castle (Crefeld, Rhine Province) Duncker Collection.jpg
Pesch Castle around 1857 (west side)
Schloss-Pesch-cut-out-of-a-postcard-from-1898.jpg
Pesch Castle around 1898 (west side)


Pesch Castle before the renovation by Breuhaus
Coat of arms of the House of Arenberg, the last owner of Pesch Castle. Motto "Christ protector meus" or "Rapido ma con legge"

In 1848 the Hallberg family died out with Mathias Anselm in the male line. House Pesch was bequeathed to Matthea Agnes Lucia Henriette Maria Hubertina Walburgis Reichsfreiin Geyr von Schweppenburg and Lathum (1830–1857), who married Felix Edmundt Carl Ghislain Freiherr von T'Serclaes (* 1818, from 1851 Count T'Serclaes) -Hallberg). 

In 1850 the property was still referred to as the Haus Pesch estate . It belonged to the municipality of Ossum, at that time the Lank mayor's office in the Krefeld district (Uerdingen justice district, Krefeld mortgage office).

In 1885 the castle came into the possession of the Dukes of Arenberg . Between 1906 and 1912, Johann von Arenberg had the palace in its present form   extended and rebuilt as a hunting lodge by the architect Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot . This conversion is an important part of Breuhaus's early work. The Herrenbusch forest bordering the castle in the northeast was hunted .

Some important members of the Arenberg family who lived at Pesch Castle:

Pesch Castle has always been an agricultural estate. B. for the year 1928 a "poultry farm Schloss Pesch" proven.

After the First World War , some apartments in the outbuildings were confiscated by the Lank Office, and citizens from the area were housed there.

During Operation Grenade in World War II , the front line ran on March 1, 1944 near the grounds of Schloss Pesch, where the 2nd Armored Division and the German Panzer-Lehr Division faced each other. One of the goals of the Allies in this area was the still intact Rhine bridge in nearby Uerdingen .

After the Second World War, the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Elisabeth ran an old people's home from 1946 to 1953 in the adjacent courtyard of the castle.

Todays use

In 1970, Dr. Hans Schäfer Palace and Park. Around 1977 the artist Kurt Link , a close friend of Joseph Beuys , lived in a part of it and had his studio there. There were plans to create an artist colony and international academy Ossum at Pesch Castle. During this time, concerts were held regularly in the palace's concert hall. After Hans Schäfer's death, the property passed into the possession of his heirs and was sold around 1980. In the early 1980s, the listed property was renovated and converted into luxury condominiums. It was not until 2000 that the last building in the ensemble was saved from deterioration: the former palace chapel was also rededicated for residential purposes.

The palace and park are now privately owned and not open to the public. The entire ground floor of the castle is the headquarters of an international management consultancy. Visits to the facility are not planned.

Overview: Gentlemen at Pesch Castle

year Owner
around 1368 Godert Knop (his wife follows him)
? ?
before 1595 Emmerich Hurth von Schöneck (inherited)
before 1615 Edmund von Metternich (inherited from uncle)
1616 von Landschad, von Galen (inherited from brother)
1669 von Landschad, von Galen
? ?
1783 Matthias Gerhard (from 1744 by) Hoesch
1792 Henriette Helene von Hoesch (inherited from father)
1792 Heinrich Theodor von Hallberg (by marriage)
1848 Mathias Anselm von Hallberg (inherited from father)
1848 Matthea Agnes Lucia Henriette Maria Hubertina Walburgis Reichsfreiin Geyr von Schweppenburg and Lathum (inherited from uncle)
1849 Felix Edmundt Carl Ghislain Freiherr von T'Serclaes (by marriage)
1885 Dukes of Arenberg (by purchase)
1970 Dr. Hans Schaefer (by purchase)
1986 Division as WEG (by purchase)

literature

  • Norbert Schöndeling: City of Meerbusch. 1st edition, Neusser Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Neuss 1993, ISBN 3-88094-739-2 . (= Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 389.)

Web links

Commons : Schloss Pesch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Kurköln, Land under the crook. North Rhine-Westphalian main state archive, Viersen district archive, Niederrheinischer municipal archivists working group. Self-rel. d. NW State Archives, 1985, p. 274
  2. ^ A b German Foundation for Monument Protection - Local Board of Trustees Meerbusch: Architectural and ground monuments in the Meerbusch urban area
  3. ↑ Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter, Volumes 41–42. University of Bonn. Institute for Historical Regional Studies of the Rhineland. Verlag L. Röhrscheid., 1977, p. 19
  4. ^ Franz Fiedler: Gripswalder Matronen and Mercurius stones. Association of the Friends of Antiquity in the Rhineland, Bonn 1863.
  5. ^ Eduard Friedrich Wilhelm Gerhard: Archaeological intelligence sheet for the general literature newspaper. CA Schwetschke & Son, 1834.
  6. ↑ Contributions to the genealogy of the noble families 3 (Strange)
  7. ↑ Files of the Reich Chamber Court, archival file 5167 in the State Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia, Findbuch (May 115, 2008 Reich Chamber Court, Part VIII: ST), file number: S 1285/5103
  8. ↑ [Schannat, Johann Friedrich: Eiflia illustrata or geographical and historical description of the Eifel, Volume 2, Verlag Johann Peter Bachem, 1829, p. 196 http://books.google.de/books?id=gDoVAAAAQAAJ ]
  9. ↑ 1646-1659 disputes of the Landschad v. Steinach with the Lords of Merode, because of the Pesch manor in the Electoral Cologne district of Linn near Krefeld
  10. ↑ 1704 The Landschad'schen claims on the manors Ringsheim near Cologne and Pesch near Krefeld
  11. ^ Willem Janszoon Blaeu son Joan Blaeu: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus in quo Tabulæ et Descriptiones Omnium Regionum. 1645.
  12. ↑ AC vd Oelsnitz: history of k. prussia. First infantry regiment since its foundation in 1619 to the present: With the portrait of S. Maj. The King . Mittler, 1855, p. 205
  13. ^ Historical geographical description of the Archbishopric of Cologne, Verlag Johann Georg Fleischer, Frankfurt am Main, 1783, p. 208
  14. ↑ [Document book of the city and the office of Uerdingen. Inventories of non-state archives, Volume 10. Archive advice center Rhineland. Rheinland Verlag, 1968, p. 421 http://books.google.de/books?id=P3crAQAAIAAJ ]
  15. ^ Diary of a trip with Alexander von Humboldt through Hesse, the Palatinate, along the Rhine and through Westphalia in autumn 1789. Volume 26 of contributions to Alexander von Humboldt research. Jan van Geuns, Bernd Kölbel.
  16. ^ A b Joseph de Champeaux: Devises: cris de guerre, légends, dictons . Lamarche, 1890.
  17. ^ A b Guido Rotthoff: The Vielhaber Collection in the Krefeld City Archives . In: HP Neuheuser et al .: Festschrift Rudolf Brandts. Archive and history. Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1978, p. 244ff.
  18. ↑ a b c d e Duncker Collection: Pesch ( Memento of the original from June 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 197 kB) Central and State Library Berlin @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zlb.de
  19. ↑ Ossum-Bösinghoven on tobien.de
  20. ↑ Leopold Zedlitz-Neukirch: New Preussisches Adels-Lexicon or genealogical and diplomatic news from the noble houses residing in the Prussian monarchy or related to it. Reichenbach Publishing House, 1839.
  21. ↑ OT von Hefne: Studbook of the blossoming and dead nobility in Germany , Volume 2, p. 100. >
  22. ^ Franz Ilwof :  Wickenburg, Matthias Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 42, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1897, pp. 320-325.
  23. ↑ German Gender Book , Volume 123, p. 123. CA Starke, 1958.
  24. ^ Friedrich von Restorff : Topographical-Statistical Description of the Royal Prussian Rhine Province . Nicolai, Berlin and Stettin 1830, p. 504.
  25. ↑ Natural History Association of the Rhineland and Westphalia: Negotiations of the Natural History Association of the Prussian Rhineland, Westphalia and the Reg.-District Osnabrück , Volume 11. Commissioned by M. Cohen, 1854.
  26. ^ Section from a postcard of the village of Osterath
  27. ^ T'Serclaes-Hallberg, Agnes Mathäa Lucia Henrietta Maria Huberta Wallburga, born from Geyr-Schweppenburg-Latum.
  28. ^ German count houses of the present. TO Weigel, Leipzig 1854, p. 423ff.
  29. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Düsseldorf. Düsseldorf district, 1850.
  30. ^ Palaces of the Arenberg family ( Memento from October 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  31. ↑ Buildings by the architect Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot ( Memento from February 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  32. ^ Günther Wasmuth et al .: Wasmuths Lexikon der Baukunst. Issue 1, 1929, p. 620.
  33. ↑ Robert Prince von Arenberg in the archive and cultural center of Arenberg ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.arenbergcenter.com
  34. ^ Werner Kaltefleiter: Pius XII. - A pope as an enemy. The Vatican in the crosshairs of espionage. ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 553 kB) 2007, p. 42 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kath.de
  35. ↑ Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg - portrait. ( Memento from August 1, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Financial Times Deutschland
  36. ^ Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg ( Memento from December 22, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) on Paul Theroff's Royal Genealogy Site
  37. ^ R. de Toll International Directory of Pedigree Stock Breeders . Tillotson's Pub. Co., 1928, p. 71.
  38. ^ EE: Memories of Pesch Castle. Lank Home District, accessed June 26, 2016 .
  39. ↑ US Library of Congress: March 1, 1945 - HQ Twelfth Army Group situation map
  40. ^ Operation Grenade
  41. ↑ History of the Church in Strümp ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / st-franziskus-von-assisi-meerbusch-struemp.kibac.de
  42. ↑ Kurt Link, Prevention and Fulfillment on artdoxa.com
  43. ↑ The old chapel becomes a bathhouse . In: Rheinische Post
  44. ^ Harald Herzog: Rhenish palace buildings in the 19th century. Studies on the art of the nineteenth century , Volume 37, P. 71 (VÖ 1981, Rheinland-Verlag) >

Coordinates: 51 ° 17 ′ 47.3 "  N , 6 ° 38 ′ 43.9"  E