Castle Church of St. Maria Magdalena (Salzgitter)
The Evangelical Lutheran Castle Church of St. Maria Magdalena in Salzgitter-Salder , also called Castle Church Salder , was built between 1713 and 1717 by the Hereditary Prince of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , August Wilhelm , according to the plans of the Braunschweig fortress construction director Völcker on the site of a previous church.
history
Parish
A first mention of a priest and thus indirectly a church in Salder dates from the late 13th century, as a "pastor" ( "rector Ecclesiae") named Henricus (Heinrich) is mentioned, who is also the dean of the pin Steterburg was .
Since the Christianization of the country at the beginning of the 9th century, Salder belonged to the parish ( Archidiakonat ) Lengede of the Diocese of Hildesheim . This also included the churches of Barbecke , Broistedt , Woltwiesche (all today Lengede ), Bruchmachtersen , Engelnstedt , Ober- and Niederfreden (today Lichtenberg ), Lebenstedt , Lesse , Reppner and Westerlinde (today Burgdorf ).
In 1542 the Reformation was introduced for the first time after the victory of the Schmalkald troops against Duke Heinrich the Younger . When Charles V defeated the Schmalkaldic troops five years later , Duke Heinrich d. J. return to his duchy and subsequently ordered the return to the Catholic faith. The Reformation was finally introduced in 1568 when his son Duke Julius took over the throne. In the course of the reorganization of the superintendent's offices, Salder was assigned to the newly founded special superintendent's Barum. In addition to Salder, Barum also included the churches of Engelnstedt, Lebenstedt, Bruchmachtersen, Gebhardshagen , Engerode , Calbecht , Watenstedt , Hallendorf , Cramme and Leinde . Since 1953 Salder belongs to the Propstei Lebenstedt and forms a parish association there together with the church of Bruchmachtersen.
Predecessor church
On the Merian engraving from 1654, which shows the town of Salder with its castle, the church at that time is also shown. The church has a Romanesque steeple to which a Gothic nave is attached to the right. There are no other sources about the origins of this church. The architectural style of the church tower allows the assumption that it is an old defensive or residential tower from the 11th or 12th century, to which the Gothic nave was added later - probably in the 13th century.
Building history
The patronage of the church was originally in the hands of the von Salder family . After the sale of the castle and the village of Salder by the Lords of Salder to the Hereditary Prince August Wilhelm around 1695/96, a few years later (1709 or earlier) the patronage of the church was also passed on to the Guelph sovereign. This gave August Wilhelm the opportunity to implement his plans to build a church in his “own village”, which would fulfill both the role of a parish church and that of a castle church.
Shortly after the renovation work for Salder Castle was completed , August Wilhelm had the construction of the new church begin in the summer of 1713. The old building had previously been demolished because it was in disrepair, the new building was erected in the same place as the old church. August Wilhelm had entrusted the construction management to Braunschweig fortress construction director Völcker , who had previously built the St. Andrew's Church in Seesen .
In the summer of 1714 the shell was completed, in September 1714 the roof was covered and the ball for the dome of the church was attached. After that, the construction work was suspended for a few years until the church was consecrated in 1717. The church is built as a cross- hall church, with the northern and southern arms being shortened. In the middle of the building is a crossing dome in the form of a Welschen Dome (curved dome with lantern ) with an interior height of 9.20 m. Probably for reasons of cost, an octagonal rather than a round shape was chosen for the dome. The balconies inside the dome are not accessible and are only used for decoration. Since the light construction of the dome was not suitable for accepting church bells, a temporary scaffolding, open on all sides, was initially set up next to the church.
The church only received a tower clock in September 1889. This clock was delivered by the clockmaker and bell founder Weule from Bockenem and cost 12 thalers at the time.
Renovations
After a large piece of stucco had broken out of the vault in June 1962 , the subsequent inspection revealed that the wooden structure of the roof structure was largely rotten. The church was then closed, the confirmation services took place in the church of Bruchmachtersen until the end of the work in December 1965, the Sunday services were held in the parish hall. During the extensive renovation, the stone floor was replaced, the galleries were renewed and new, space-saving staircases were added. The entrance to the church was moved from the east to the south wing of the church. Chairs have been set up in place of the previous benches for worshipers, and the church has now offered space for around 300 visitors. The interior and the church dome, which until then had been painted with a starry sky, were painted in light shades and thus matched the original baroque painting.
When the lead capsule attached to the top of the church was opened during the renovation of the tower, a report on the repair of the church from 1854 was found in it. It reports that the slate roof of the church building and tower was renewed at that time. The painting of the church dome with the blue starry sky probably came from this time.
The last renovation was carried out in 2012, and the interior received its current paint.
Establishment of the Church
inner space
At the time of August Wilhelm, the cross-hall church was considered to be the most suitable form of space for Protestant worship. The building of the church was thus completely geared towards holding a Reformed church service; it would not have been possible to use it for Catholic church services without major renovations. In contrast to the Catholic Church, in which the altar is in a choir area that is separated from the community and not accessible to laypeople, here the altar is in the middle of the church. The seats for the congregation are to the left and right of it in the arms of the cross and the galleries above and are oriented with a view of the altar. With this building, August-Wilhelm wanted to document his evangelical faith and prevent his father, Duke Anton Ulrich , who converted to Roman Catholicism in 1709 , from being able to use his castle church for Catholic services.
The pulpit and organ are placed above the altar. In the south wing, opposite the altar wall and at the same height as the pulpit, was the prieche for the duke and his entourage, who were thereby separated from the people, but were nevertheless in a preferred position to the altar. This prieche is used today as a gallery for all worshipers.
organ
When the church received its first organ and by whom it was built is uncertain. It is believed that the organ was ready for the inauguration of the church in 1717. The organ builder is Johann Andreas Graf, who was working in Wolfenbüttel at the time in question. It is undisputed that the organ prospectus was already drawn in the drafts of the architect Völcker as it was later implemented. From the correspondence of Pastor Schneevoigt (term of office from 1844 to 1882) it emerges that the organ was renovated in 1868 by the organ builder Engelhardt (probably a son of Johann Andreas Engelhardt ). At that time the organ had 15 registers , distributed over two manuals and a pedal . The last extensive renovation of the organ was completed in 1972, since then the organ has three works with a total of 19 registers .
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Church inventory
The church has a winged altar from the 16th century. This comes from the previous church and was found by chance in the attic during a visit in 1873. Since there was no use for it at the time, it was handed over to the ducal library in Wolfenbüttel for examination. There the reredos was put back together and restored. After the war, the retable was first exhibited in the Catholic St. Aegidien Church in Braunschweig, and later it was transferred to the archive of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum . At the instigation of the parish, the reredos were returned to Salder in the mid-1980s. After extensive repairs and conservation, it has been hanging over the church's altar since September 1987.
The winged altar shows the crucifixion scene in the middle main field, which is also called "Crucifixion with the crowd" because of the many figures under the cross. In the two wings are the figures of the twelve apostles.
Together with the winged altar, an early Gothic hanging cross was found in 1873, which was also initially given to the ducal library. The crucifix is now in the collection of medieval art in Dankwarderode Castle .
The church also has a communion chalice that was donated by Burchard von Salder in 1547. It is made of gold-plated silver, 21 cm high, and contains the coat of arms of Nicolaus Rivenstael († 1569), the first evangelical pastor of Niederfreden and Salder, and a rose, the coat of arms of the Lords of Salder. The inscription shows the names "Burchard von Salder anno 1547" and "Nicolaus Rivenstael fieri fecit".
For the inauguration of the church in 1717, the Hereditary Prince August Wilhelm presented the church with an ivory crucifix, a magnificent Bible from 1716 with a painted leather cover and a handwritten dedication by the Hereditary Prince and two silver altar candlesticks, which were made around 1705.
Bell house and bells
Since the bells could not be hung in the crossing dome, a temporary scaffolding for the bells was erected next to the church in 1717. The bells were exposed to the weather without protection, so one of the three bells had to be cast around in 1755 because of a crack. Thereupon the municipality applied to the state rulers to build a bell house. After a first draft, which provided for a two-story bell cage with a high hipped roof, was not approved, another carpenter was hired, whose plan for a one-story bell cage was then approved and implemented on June 14, 1769. The most recent renovation of the bell house was carried out in 1993, during which the roof was renewed and the sound holes, which had been open until then, were closed with lamellar panels.
The oldest of the three bronze bells in the church was cast in 1587, and the inscription reported that it was cast by the bell caster M. Claves Hagen from Braunschweig during the tenure of Pastor Gerhardus (pastor in Salder from 1574 to 1611). The inscription read: “Is God with us, who can neither us. Whoever trusts God, vast up en bwet, whom we will not show. Uth the fire I am flooded. M. Claves Hagen on the back of Brunswick gave me. Anno 1587. Daniel Gerhardus hujus ecclesiae pastor. “ The ringing of bells was replaced by three new bells in 1883, but they had to be given in June 1916 during the First World War and were melted down. As a replacement, the community bought three new steel bells from the Weule bell foundry in Bockenem in July 1917 , which are still hanging in the bell house today.
literature
- Kathrin Ellwardt: The ev.-luth. Castle Church of St. Maria Magdalena in Salzgitter-Salder . Results of an art historical research. Ed .: Evang.-luth. Parish of Salder. Salzgitter 2001, DNB 961851422 .
- Stadtarchiv Salzgitter (ed.): Salder - The history of a village in Salzgitter . Appelhans Braunschweig, Braunschweig 2011, ISBN 978-3-941737-60-0 , p. 53-54, 88-98, 251-294 .
- Jörg Leuschner, Reinhard Försterling, Sigrid Lux: North town in old views - Bruchmachtersen, Engelnstedt, Salder and Lebenstedt . Ed .: Archive of the City of Salzgitter (= contributions to the city's history . Volume 11 ). Salzgitter 1994, DNB 947872485 , p. 190-196 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Kathrin Ellwardt: Salder Castle Church . Pp. 11-18
- ^ Ortschaft Nord , p. 190
- ↑ Chronik Salder , p. 53
- ↑ Stadtarchiv Salzgitter (ed.): Calbecht - The history of a village in Salzgitter . braunschweig-druck GmbH, Braunschweig 2002, DNB 965506568 , p. 39, 127-128 .
- ^ Ortschaft Nord , pp. 190–191
- ↑ Chronik Salder , pp. 91, 251
- ↑ Chronik Salder , p. 271
- ↑ Chronik Salder , pp. 284–286.
- ^ Kathrin Ellwardt: Salder Castle Church . Pp. 42-53
- ^ Ortschaft Nord , p. 193
- ^ Kathrin Ellwardt: Salder Castle Church . Pp. 10-11
Remarks
- ↑ For a long time it was assumed that the design for the castle church came from the court architect Hermann Korb , who was also responsible for the renovation of Salder Castle. Völcker's authorship was only confirmed when drafts for the Saldersche Church were found, which were kept with the documents for the Andreas Church in Seesen .
Coordinates: 52 ° 8 ′ 17 ″ N , 10 ° 20 ′ 12 ″ E