Schwarzach near Kulmbach

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Schwarzach near Kulmbach
Mainleus Market
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 33 ″  N , 11 ° 21 ′ 34 ″  E
Height : 296 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 448  (2013)
Incorporation : January 1, 1978
Postal code : 95336
Area code : 09229
Town center, around 1985
Town center, around 1985

Schwarzach bei Kulmbach (officially Schwarzach b.Kulmbach ) is a parish village in the district of Kulmbach ( administrative district of Upper Franconia ) and has been part of the Mainleus market since 1978 .

geography

Schwarzach is located in the Upper Main hill country between Lichtenfels and Kulmbach . The place is about 3.4 kilometers from the confluence of the two source rivers Weißer Main and Roter Main at Schloss Steinenhausen and is about 500 meters north of the Main . In the north is the Patersberg as the southern branch of the Franconian Forest . In the south, the Görauer Anger marks the northern edge of the Northern Franconian Alb . Wernstein Castle is one kilometer to the northeast . The place is divided by the Zentbach , which flows through the town center and flows southwest into the Main.

history

According to the etymological interpretation and development of the name, Schwarzach is one of the oldest settlements in the area on the Upper Main. In connection with a Bamberg cathedral foundation charter about Burgkunstadt , the place was mentioned for the first time in 1096: A "Bern von Suuarzaha" was listed as a witness in a business transaction.

In the 16th century the place was on the border formed by the Zentbach, between the prince-bishopric of Bamberg and the margraviate of Brandenburg-Kulmbach-Bayreuth .
Schwarzach has been shown on maps under the name Schwartza since the 16th century .

Map section from the 16th century. Schwarzach is shown under the name Schwartza at the top left (east is at the top).

The peasant battle near Schwarzach

A slaughter in the Thirty Years 'War , the farmers' battle near Schwarzach on November 21, 1632, is described in detail in the parish archives. This was preceded by attacks on the territory of Bamberg by Lieutenant Colonel Reinhold von Rosen, who had temporarily taken shelter at Wernstein Castle. Troops of the Forchheim commandant Colonel Friedrich von Schletz then moved up the Main Valley with around 800 men. About 300 farmers from Schwarzach and the Kulmbach area confronted them on the Röthen parcel, a hill east of the village. The peasants were no match for the tactically savvy troops who cut their retreat to Wernstein Castle. About 150 farmers were struck down at the actual battlefield or pursued across the fields and killed. At that time the paths were difficult to pass due to constant rain; the Main was badly swollen. In Schwarzach, 21 houses were set on fire, the church was looted.

Church history

According to the research of the former pastor Werner Kugler in Schwarzach, Altenkunstadt was the mother parish of Schwarzach. In 1290 Schwarzach must have been its own parish, as the neighboring village of Veitlahm was called a branch church. The first direct mention of the parish of Schwarzach is contained in a document from Provost Herbord von St. Severi in Erfurt in 1374.

In 1530 the Margrave of Brandenburg, in whose sphere of influence Schwarzach was, joined the Reformation . A sure sign for the introduction of the Reformation in Schwarzach results from a document from 1539. The parish registers of Schwarzach are completely available since 1579, without losses in the Thirty Years War or in the two world wars. Mainleus, which was part of the Schwarzach parish, became an independent parish in 1959.

Incorporation

As part of the municipal reform , the previously independent municipalities of Schwarzach b.Kulmbach and Schmeilsdorf were merged with effect from April 1, 1971 to form the new municipality of Schwarzach b.Kulmbach. On January 1, 1978, Schwarzach near Kulmbach was incorporated into the Mainleus community.

Population development

year population
1961 518
1970 506
1978 475
1987 428
2000 417
2005 483
2010 455
2011 447
2012 448
2013 448

Attractions

St. Johannis Church

St. Johannis Church
Half-timbered house from the 16th century and bridge over the Zentbach

The parish church is located in the middle of the cemetery, with the tower front being closely surrounded by the houses in the southwestern part of the village. The current building was erected between 1610 and 1612 on the site of a previous medieval church. An inscription on the southern stair tower indicates that the church was built in 1612 by Georg von Künßberg. The neo-Gothic tower rises above a rectangular nave.

Of the 31 votive panels with scenes from the life of Christ painted in oil on wood on the double gallery, one bears the year 1671 and the signature CS These initials are assigned to the carver and painter Conrad Sauermann from Strössendorf near Burgkunstadt.

In the years 1893/94 the dilapidated tower had to be renewed, whereby its appearance changed significantly. At the same time the interior of the church was completely renewed. The last renovation so far took place in 1974. In the course of the interior renovation, the State Office for Monument Preservation carried out an examination of the cultural layers inside the church. The foundations of a somewhat smaller Romanesque predecessor building were discovered. In addition, ceramic remains were found in the south-east corner of the church, dating from around 800 to 1000 AD. Coin finds date from the 14th century.

→ List of architectural monuments in Schwarzach

Economy and Infrastructure

Textile craft

In 1836 the landowner Johann Opp founded a dye works . The 42 meter high chimney that characterizes the townscape in close proximity to the church tower was erected in 1917. In 1916 Johann Wagner and in 1920 Adolf Geyer took over the business. The Geyer dye works is now a GmbH . She filed for bankruptcy at the end of January 2013.

traffic

The railway line of the former Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn runs between the town and the Main . Stops are in Mainroth (west) and Mainleus (east). The federal road 289 (B 289) bypasses the place on the connection between Kulmbach and Lichtenfels.

literature

Web links

Commons : Schwarzach bei Kulmbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Municipal administration of the Mainleus market
  2. ↑ Schwarzach b.Kulmbach in the location database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on October 3, 2018.
  3. ↑ a b Dr. Bernd Wollner: 900 Years of Schwarzach , 1996, ISBN 3980518302
  4. ↑ Document in the Bamberg State Archives , signature BU144
  5. ^ University of Würzburg: Topographia Franconiae
  6. ^ Library of Congress: Franconia. Monasteriensis episcopatvs
  7. ↑ Pfarrarchiv Schwarzach, church book K1, 1579-1684, page 580f
  8. ↑ Reinhold von Rosen, with Bernd Warlich: The Thirty Years' War in personal reports, chronicles and reports
  9. ^ Friedrich von Schletz, with Bernd Warlich: The Thirty Years' War in personal testimonies, chronicles and reports
  10. ↑ Johannes Braun: Diary sheets from the 30-year war (1626-1634) , 2nd book, In archive for the history of Upper Franconia , 1934, pp. 7–82
  11. ↑ a b Werner Kugler: God's unworthy ministers . In Das Kirchspiel , No. 7, June 1974
  12. ↑ Werner Kugler: 430 years of the Reformation in Schwarzach . In Das Kirchspiel , No. 11, October 1969
  13. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 503 .
  14. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 693 .
  15. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 702 ( digitized version ).
  16. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 162 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 314 ( digitized version ).
  18. ^ Parish archive Schwarzach, church book no.20