Schweinbarther Berg

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Schweinbarther Berg
The Schweinbarther Berg or Kreuzberg from the south

The Schweinbarther Berg or Kreuzberg from the south

height 337  m above sea level A.
location Lower Austria , Austria
Mountains Waschbergzone
Dominance 3.26 km →  Dürrenberg
Notch height 60 m
Coordinates 48 ° 45 '45 "  N , 16 ° 36' 49"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 45 '45 "  N , 16 ° 36' 49"  E
Schweinbarther Berg (Lower Austria)
Schweinbarther Berg
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The Schweinbarther Berg is a mountain with an altitude of 337  m above sea level. A. in the Weinviertel near Kleinschweinbarth in Lower Austria . Because of its proximity to the Czech state border and the city of Nikolsburg , some memorials were erected by displaced South Moravians from 1963 , so that the mountain is now also known as the Kreuzberg . The mountain is home to remarkable dry carbonate rock grasslands of national importance. The Niklasgraben flows at the western foot .

geology

The Schweinbarther Berg is part of the Waschbergzone , a geological strip that extends from the Waschberg ( 388  m above sea level ) and Michelberg ( 409  m above sea level ) near Stockerau over the Leiser Mountains ( 491  m above sea level ), the Staatzer Klippe ( 332  m above sea level ) and the Schweinbarther Berg ( 337  m above sea level ) as far as the Pollau Mountains ( 554  m nm ) in South Moravia . The zone was created when two geological units - the Molasse Zone and the Vienna Basin - were pushed together around 17 million years ago in the course of the Alpidian mountain formation in the Lower Miocene . Autochthonous rocks were scraped from the subsoil, brought to the surface and now “swim”, so to speak, in the surrounding marly cliff shell without having a connection to the crystalline subsoil ( pierced cliffs ). Since the limestone is harder than the shell, it was exposed by weathering and form distinctive landscape elements.

The Schweinbarther Klippe consists of organodetritic limestone of the Ernstbrunn Formation, which comes from the Tithonium .

nature

The vegetation of the cliff is largely shaped by the geological subsoil, the hard and slowly weathering Jurassic limestone. Due to the exposed and therefore dry location and the skeletal soils, a remarkable Pannonian substrate steppe could develop on the cliff . The dry carbonate rock lawns house the plant associations Minuartio setaceae-Seslerietum caeruleae and Poo badensis-Festucetum pallentis . The dry grasslands can be seen as the less species-rich offshoots of the famous dry grasslands of the Pollau Mountains in South Moravia. In the Austrian dry grass catalog, the Schweinbarther Berg was classified as "nationally important". On the mountain, different types of dry grass exist side by side in a small space: on the southern slope and on the dry rocks there are patchy limestone corridors with pale sheep fescue ( Festuca pallens ), bathing panicle ( Poa badensis ), lime blue grass ( Sesleria caerulea ), eyelash pearl grass ( Melica ciliata ), mountain alyssum ( Alyssum montanum ), sun-needle florets ( Fumana procumbens ) and mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum ) ago. Succulent corridors developed on rock gravel with the species ball-fringed houseleek ( Jovibarba globifera subsp. Globifera ), white stonecrop ( Sedum album ) and mild stonecrop ( Sedum sexangulare ). On the fresher and rocky north and west slopes are fairly dense sedge-blue-grass dry grass. Annuelle meadows have developed in the gaps in the lawn , while Valais fescue dry lawns developed on top of fine soil over lime. In the lower slope areas there are awl grass dry lawns and pinnacle twists and bristles semi-dry lawns. There is a risk from afforestation, in some places from the impact of visitors to the South Moravian memorials as well as further tourist development through rest areas and steps.

  • View from the summit in south direction, the rock steppe in the foreground.

  • The Kerner- Glatt-Brillenschötchen ( Biscutella laevigata subsp. Kerneri ) is a very rare botanical rarity and is considered endangered in Austria.

  • The Siberian bellflower ( Campanula sibirica ) is a typical inhabitant of rock and grass steppes and is endangered in Austria.

  • The steep limestone cliffs with mountain germander ( Teucrium montanum ) in the foreground.

  • The snake head hawkweed ( Pilosella echioides ) occurs only rarely in the Pannonian region of Austria and is considered endangered.

  • The chalk-loving bristle chickweed ( Minuartia setacea ) is eponymous for a plant association of the dry carbonate rock and is endangered in Austria.

  • The sea ​​green armchair ( Seseli elatum agg.) Is a plant of the rock corridors and is considered endangered in Austria.

history

Kreuzberg meeting in 2007

The Schweinbarther Berg was insignificant for the population of Kleinschweinbarth except for a small quarry. It was only with the erection of the South Moravian Cross in December 1962 and the construction of staircases and safety systems against falls that it developed into an attraction with a good view of the neighboring town of Mikulov in what was then Czechoslovakia, especially among displaced persons.

The annual Kreuzberg meeting of the displaced South Moravians - only in 1973 the meeting was canceled due to foot and mouth disease - and the establishment of additional memorials increased awareness.

On June 17, 1990, as part of the field fair at the Kreuzberg meeting, the redesign of the complex carried out by the South Moravian Landscape Council and the umbrella association of South Moravians in Austria at the suggestion of the chairman of the Nikolsburg cultural association - Rainer Elsinger - was consecrated.

The fact that Schweinbarther Berg was privately owned by Count Fünfkirchen and that a new owner could refuse further activities or even entry after a possible sale, unsettled the umbrella association of South Moravians in Austria . In order to create safe conditions, the local council of the Drasenhofen community was asked to purchase the mountain, which they did.

The Schweinbarther Berg is now often referred to as the Kreuzberg. In the official topographic map it is referred to as Schweinbarther Berg.

One of the driving forces behind the activities at Schweinbarther Berg was Erwin Zajicek , the last remaining German minister in Czechoslovakia.

Memorials

Georeferencing Map with all coordinates of the memorials section : OSM
location memorial Built description image
48 ° 45 ′ 45 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 49" E South Moravian Cross 1963 Simultaneously with the consecration of the South Moravian Cross, the first meeting of displaced South Moravians took place in Kleinschweinbarth on July 7, 1963. In 1964 a stone altar was erected in front of the cross and in 1974 the crown of thorns on the cross was consecrated. In 1970 the South Moravian Cross was raised to a memorial for all fallen and deceased South Moravians in place of the heroes' monument near Klentnitz , which was blown up in 1945 . Kleinschweinbarth 4782.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 41 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 47" E Hubertus Chapel 1975 The Hubertus Chapel was built by the Kleinschweinbarth Hunting Company and consecrated on May 18 at a field fair. Inside the chapel there is a mosaic depicting St. Hubert of Liège and a plaque with the names of the members involved in the construction. GuentherZ 2012-03-03 0715 Kleinschweinbarth Schweinbarther Berg Hubertuskapelle.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 46 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 50" E War memorial of the South Moravians 1975 On June 1, 1925, a war memorial was dedicated in Klentnitz for the South Moravians who fell in World War I. In 1945 it was blown up by the Czechs. On June 1, 1975, a new memorial was dedicated to the fallen of both world wars and the victims of displacement on a square below the South Moravian Cross.
Kleinschweinbarth 4787.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 47 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 50" E Map of South Moravia 1988 The memorial with a map of South Moravia engraved on a stone slab was built with a view of the town of Nikolsburg and is intended to give an overview of the area affected by the expulsion of the South Moravians. GuentherZ 2007-06-10 0497 Kleinschweinbarth Nikolsburger Stadtgedenkstein.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 45 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 48" E Untertannowitz 1989 The Untertannowitz memorial was consecrated on May 27, 1989. GuentherZ 2012-03-03 0705 Kleinschweinbarth Schweinbarther Berg Gedenkstaette Untertannowitz.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 48 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 51" E Nikolsburg 1989 The Nikolsburg city memorial stone was made on the north side of the Schweinbarther mountain from a natural stone base with a granite slab on top , in which a panoramic view of the city and the Pollau mountains were engraved together with numerous historical and statistical information. The consecration took place on May 27, 1989. GuentherZ 2012-03-17 0747 Kleinschweinbarth Schweinbarther Berg Gedenkstaette Nikolsburg.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 45 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 50" E District monuments 1990 Four with the bronze- cast coats of arms of the South Moravian home districts of Znojmo, Nikolsburg, Zlabings and Neubistritz and panels with descriptions of the respective district and its cities, market towns and villages were consecrated on June 17, 1990.
Kleinschweinbarth 4786.jpg
48 ° 45 ′ 47 "N, 16 ° 36 ′ 50" E Pohrlitz 2000 The memorial stone was consecrated in 2000.
GuentherZ 2007-06-10 0498 Kleinschweinbarth Memorial Stone Pohrlitz.jpg
Memorial stone "50 years of Kreuzberg" and Siegfried Ludwig 2013 The memorial stone was consecrated in 2013
2014-04-20 (53) Kleinschweinbarth Schweinbarther Berg memorial stone 1963-2013.JPG

There are also three memorial plaques and a memorial stone at the South Moravian Cross on the way to Schweinbarther Berg

Prominent visitors

In the course of time, prominent visitors also came to the Schweinbarther Berg, such as

literature

  • Various articles in the South Moravian bulletin for the districts: Znaim, Nikolsburg, Zlabings and Neubistritz. published by the South Moravian Landscape Council in the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft, Geislingen an der Steige from 1963.

Web links

Commons : Schweinbarther Berg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Wolfgang Holzner et al .: Austrian dry grass catalog. “Steppes”, “heaths”, dry meadows, poor meadows: existence, endangerment, possibilities of their conservation. In: Green series of the Federal Ministry for Health and Environmental Protection. Volume 6, Vienna 1986, ISBN 3-900649-06-5 , object ÖK 11/1.
  2. ^ Godfrid Wessely : Geology of the Austrian federal states, Lower Austria. Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85316-239-8 , pp. 16, 69 ff.
  3. ↑ Geologische Bundesanstalt (Ed.): Geological map of Lower Austria 1: 200 000, Lower Austria North. Vienna 2002.
  4. ^ Wolfgang Willner: Pannonian steppe grasslands in Austria. In: Henryk Baumbach, Stephan Pfützenreuter (Hrsg.): Steppe habitats in Europe: Endangerment, conservation measures and protection. Thuringian Ministry of Agriculture, Forests, Environment and Nature Conservation (TMLFUN), Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-00-044248-3 , p. 155 ( thueringen.de PDF; 549 kB)
  5. ↑ a b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursions flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  6. ↑ The South Moravian. August 1990, p. 564
  7. ↑ a b The South Moravian. August 1963, p. 412.
  8. ↑ The South Moravian. August 1975, p. 617.
  9. ↑ The South Moravian. April 1975, p. 298.
  10. ^ Federal Office for Metrology and Surveying, Austrian Map online ÖK50
  11. ↑ The South Moravian. May 1975, p. 453
  12. ↑ The South Moravian. July 1975, p. 540.
  13. ↑ jagd-kleinschweinbarth.at ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / jagd-kleinschweinbarth.at
  14. ↑ The South Moravian. July 1975, p. 541.
  15. ↑ a b c d The South Moravian. August 1989, p. 637.
  16. ↑ The South Moravian. September 1989, p. 679.
  17. ↑ The South Moravian. August 1990, p. 679.
  18. ↑ a b c d e f The South Moravian. May 1975, p. 454.
  19. ↑ The South Moravian. December 1990, p. 919.
  20. ↑ The South Moravian. September 1964.
  21. ↑ a b The South Moravian. October 1963, p. 579.
  22. ↑ The South Moravian. August 1964, p. 504.
  23. ↑ The South Moravian. August 1963, p. 411.
  24. ↑ The South Moravian. August 1990, p. 679.
  25. ↑ The South Moravian. November 1976, p. 826.