Sils in the Engadin / Segl

Segl is a redirect to this article. For the German historian, see Peter Segl .

Sils in the Engadin / Segl
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Graubünden (GR)
Region :	Maloja
BFS no. :	3789
Postal code :	7514 Fex 7514 Sils / Segl Maria 7515 Sils / Segl Baselgia
Coordinates :	778 906  /  145097 coordinates: 46 ° 26 '0 "  N , 9 ° 46' 0"  O ; CH1903:  778906  /  145097
Height :	1803  m above sea level M.
Height range :	1791–3448 m above sea level M.
Area :	63.58  km²
Residents:	700 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	11 inhabitants per km²
Website:	www.sils-segl.ch
Sils Maria (left) and Sils Baselgia (right).
Location of the municipality

Sils im Engadin ( German and until 1943 official name, Romansh Segl ^{? / I} ) is a municipality in the Maloja region of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland .

geography

Historical aerial photo from 1900 m by Walter Mittelholzer from 1927

Sils in the Engadin lies on a piece of land between Lake Sils and Lake Silvaplana . The community is mixed with German and Romansh , which is reflected in the double name.

Sils Maria , next to Sils Baselgia one of the two districts of Sils, is a winter sports resort and offers a wide range of sports and recreational opportunities as well as cultural offers.

Sils consists of the following parliamentary groups, whose names are of Romansh origin:

• Sils Maria ^{? / i} : Maria is a polished form of the Rhaeto-RomanicMaioria, which meansdairyor "manor".
• Sils Baselgia ^{? / i} : Baselgia is the Rhaeto-Romanic word for "church" (cf.basilica).
• Val Fex ( Fextal )
• Plaun da Lej
• Grevasalvas ( Maiensässsiedlung )
• Blaunca (Maiensässsiedlung)
• Buaira (Maiensässsiedlung)

climate

The annual mean temperature is 2.2 ° C, with the coldest monthly mean temperatures in January at −6.8 ° C and the warmest mean monthly temperatures measured at 11.5 ° C in July. On average, around 210 frost days and 71 ice days are to be expected here. There are summer days on average around 0.3, i.e. about every three years. No hot days were recorded in the normal period 198–2010. The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 1804  m above sea level. M.

Sils im Engadin / Segl, 1981–2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     48   0 -13     36   1 -13     51   4th -9     70   6th -4     105   11 1     114   15th 4th     114   18th 6th     124   17th 6th     101   13 3     95   10 -1     92   4th -6     61   0 -10 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source:

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Sils im Engadin / Segl, 1981–2010 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) −0.1 1.0 3.6 5.8 10.8 14.6 17.5 17.0 13.4 9.5 4.0 0.4 O 8.2 Min. Temperature (° C) −12.8 −13.0 −8.7 −4.1 0.9 3.9 6.2 6.0 3.1 −0.6 −5.7 −9.7 O −2.8 Temperature (° C) −6.8 −6.5 −2.9 0.7 5.6 9.1 11.5 11.2 8.0 4.0 −1.4 −4.9 O 2.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 48 36 51 70 105 114 114 124 101 95 92 61 Σ 1.011 Rainy days ( d ) 6.6 5.6 6.5 8.9 11.3 11.1 10.9 11.1 8.3 8.7 8.5 8.0 Σ 105.5 Humidity ( % ) 76 73 73 76 76 73 73 76 77 77 77 77 O 75.3 Source:

history

For around three hundred years, mica slabs were mined in the rear of the Fex Valley for the construction of stoves and to cover house roofs, the so-called Fexer panels . After 1964 the facilities fell into disrepair.

coat of arms

Blazon : Divided by blue in a golden sunshine and by gold with a blue trout .

Simplification of the historical community seal , with reference to the sunny altitude of the community and the fish-rich Lake Sils.

population

Population development
year	1850	1900	1930	1950	1980	1990	2000	2005	2010	2012	2014	2016
Residents	219	178	359	262	434	498	751	744	752	773	768	714

languages

Until the 19th century all residents spoke Puter , a Rhaeto-Romanic language. But there was already a sizeable German-speaking minority in 1880. Nevertheless, a Romansh-speaking majority maintained its position until the Second World War (68.2% in 1880, 55.82% in 1910, 61.5% in 1941). After 1960 the community tipped over to German, who in 1970 had a relative majority for the first time. The official languages ​​are German and Romansh, whereby 33.0% of the population can speak Romansh. The following table shows the development over the last few decades:

Languages ​​in Sils im Engadin / Segl
languages	1980 census		1990 census		2000 census
	number	proportion of	number	proportion of	number	proportion of
German	210	48.39%	291	58.43%	446	59.39%
Romansh	137	31.57%	122	24.50%	90	11.98%
Italian	67	15.44%	71	14.26%	116	15.45%
Residents	434	100%	498	100%	751	100%

Religions and denominations

In 1552 the residents converted to Protestantism.

Origin and nationality

Of the 744 residents at the end of 2005, 551 (= 74%) were Swiss citizens . The majority of the foreign population (without Swiss citizenship) is Portuguese .

tourism

Registered share of the AG Hotel Edelweiss in Sils-Maria from February 15, 1899

Tourism is an essential economic factor in the municipality. The local mountain of Sils is the Furtschellas ; it is a hiking area in summer and an alpine ski area in winter. The car-free Fextal is served by a licensed horse-drawn bus. The Fex valley and the lake plain are used for easy hikes in summer and for cross-country skiing in winter . The Engadin Ski Marathon leads across the frozen lakes .

Not to be overlooked in the townscape is the Hotel Waldhaus , which opened in 1908, and is one of the few five-star hotels in Switzerland that has been owned by the same family since it opened. It has largely been preserved in its original condition, both inside and out. A number of well-known personalities stayed here (see there ).

Next to the Nietzsche House Museum is the four-star Hotel Edelweiss, built in 1876 , in whose listed Art Nouveau room and the hotel hall concerts, readings, crime thriller dinners and concert dinners take place.

traffic

Sils is one kilometer south of the north-south traffic axis Julierpass - Silvaplana - Malojapass . Sils is well connected to public transport by bus connections to St. Moritz and Chiavenna .

Attractions

See also : List of cultural assets in Sils im Engadin / Segl

• The Reformed Church of Sils-Maria , the Reformed Church of Sils-Baselgia and the Roman Catholic parish church are listed as historical monuments .
• Chesa Curtin
• Nietzsche House

• 

  Primary school and signposts (here between Silvaplana and Sils) are in Romansh

• 

  Waterfall of the Aua da Fedoz near Isola

• 

  Church of Sils Baselgia

• 

  Road through Sils Maria

• 

  Parish hall and reformed church in Sils Maria

• 

  Nietzsche House in Sils Maria

• 

  Inn, in the background the church of Segl Baselgia

Trivia

The names Silserli , Silserbrot , Silserbretzel possibly go back to the name of the place. However, dialect expert Markus Gasser considers this to be erroneous and rather sees that “Sils” is derived from “Salse”, the caustic soda in which the pastry is dipped (Latin: sal = salt).

The 2014 movie Die Wolken von Sils Maria by Olivier Assayas is mostly set in and around Sils Maria.

Personalities

The location and the climate have already attracted many prominent personalities. Hermann Hesse liked to be here and especially Friedrich Nietzsche , who spent seven summers in Sils Maria between 1881 and 1888 (with the exception of 1882) and created some of his most important works there, spreading the reputation of the place and the lake all over the world. The Nietzsche house in Sils Maria, in which Nietzsche stayed in the simplest of circumstances during his stays, keeps him an honorable memory as a museum and research facility. Nietzsche named a poem in honor of Sils Maria :

“Here I sat, waiting, waiting, - but for nothing,
beyond good and evil, now
enjoying the light , now the shadow, all just play,
all the lake, all midday, all time without a goal.
There, suddenly, friend! became one to two -
- And Zarathustra passed me ... "

- Friedrich Nietzsche : The happy science (1882)

Numerous well-known personalities were guests at the Hotel Waldhaus in Sils (see there and below ). What is less well known is that Anne Frank spent the summer holidays in 1935 and 1936 with her wealthy Parisian aunt Olga Spitzer in their property not far from the hotel. A memorial was erected in front of the «Villa Spitzer» («Villa Laret») in memory of her late and on a private initiative.

The painter Andrea Robbi came from Sils and spent a large part of his tragic life in his house on the square next to the post office. The American Secretary of State Fred Iklé was born in Fex Valley in 1924 . The writer, journalist and photographer Annemarie Schwarzenbach rented the Jäger house in Sils Baselgia from 1934 and died there in 1942 after a bicycle accident. The agronomist Andrea Sciuchetti was born in Sils, he was director of the Agricultural School Plantahof, president of the Swiss Brown Swiss Breeding Association

literature

• Ottavio Clavuot: Fex. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2005 .
• Ottavio Clavuot: Sils in the Engadin / Segl. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2011 .
• Adolf Collenberg: Malojapass. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2008 .
• Erwin Poeschel : The art monuments of the canton of Graubünden III. The valley communities Räzünser Boden, Domleschg, Heinzenberg, Oberhalbstein, Upper and Lower Engadine. (= Art Monuments of Switzerland. Volume 11). Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1940. DNB 760079625 .

Web links

Commons : Sils im Engadin / Segl  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Sils im Engadin / Segl on the ETHorama platform
• Official website of the municipality of Sils im Engadin / Segl
• Andreas Urs Sommer: Friedrich Nietzsche. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 24, 2018 , accessed February 15, 2020 .
• Nietzsche House
• Sils in the Engadine on elexikon.ch

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Climate table. (PDF) In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on April 9, 2018 . 
3. ^ Ottavio Clavuot: Sils im Engadin / Segl. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2011 .
4. ↑ Chesa Curtin
5. ↑ Nietzsche House
6. ↑ According to a description in the history of the Hanselmann bakery, in the 1920s the baker Gottlieb Müller made salt or pretzels in Sils, which were also called Silserli . Müller later worked for the pastry shop Hanselmanns Erben in St. Moritz, see: 100 Years of Hanselmann ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , History of the Hanselmann Bakery, St. Moritz, accessed on 23 September 2014. 
7. ↑ Markus Gasser: From “Silserli” to “Verhabni”. Schnabelweid mailbox, Swiss radio and television , November 1, 2012, online
8. ↑ The poem Sils Maria .
9. ↑ Norman Ohler: The abysses of Sils-Maria . In: The time . No. 52 , December 17, 2014, p. 19 ( online January 1, 2015).
10. ↑ Yuri Auderset: Andrea Sciuchetti. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . November 28, 2012 , accessed May 6, 2020 .