St. John the Baptist (Brendlorenzen)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. John the Baptist is the church of Brendlorenzen , a district of Bad Neustadt an der Saale in the Lower Franconian district of Rhön-Grabfeld . It is one of the architectural monuments of Bad Neustadt an der Saale . In the Bavarian list of monuments it is registered together with the churchyard wall, the Pietà and the cross above the arched portal , the late Gothic Mount of Olives , the neo-Gothic Way of the Cross , the war memorial and the Golgotha cross under the number D-6-73-114-161. The parish of Brendlorenzen, like the Kuratie Lebenhan , the parish of Herschfeld and the parish of Rödelmaier with the Dürrnhof branch, is part of the parish community of St. Martin Brend.
history
There is evidence of a church in Brend as early as 742. It was dedicated to Saint Martin . Later the patronage changed to St. John the Baptist . The reason for this was possibly that the church became the center of the royal court of Charlemagne in Salz and thus the baptismal church for the entire Salzgau. The original parish of Brend comprised the area from Mittelstreu in the north to Aschach in the south and from Rödelmaier in the east to Geroda in the west. From 976 it was owned by the St. Peter and Alexander monastery in Aschaffenburg, from 1307 until the secularization of the Bildhausen monastery in 1803 . The church was built mainly in the 13th century using older components from the 10th century, especially the crossing . In 1423 a sacristy was added between the church tower and the north arm of the transept . At the beginning of the 17th century the nave was raised. In the years 1711 to 1720 the triumphal arch between the crossing and the nave was demolished, the nave and the crossing were expanded to the same height and all parts of the church were roofed over. This lost the appearance of a basilica . An interior renovation in 1940 removed overpaintings from the Baroque period in order to restore the character of the Carolingian royal church to the church . The ceiling beams of the nave were exposed. The round arches and pillars were painted in a color change of red-gray-ocher. Between 1968 and 1969 the church interior was rebuilt for the new liturgy. The celebration altar was moved to the center of the crossing and the side altars were moved into the niches on the west wall of the transept. Medieval frescoes were discovered in the sacristy from 1423 . In order to make it accessible to the public, a new sacristy was added south of the choir between 1971 and 1972 . From 1980 to 1981 the outside of the church was renovated. When the interior was renovated again in 1989, the interior was given a uniform light gray paint.
description
The church has a T-shaped floor plan including the eastern choir tower , the transept arms and the two sacristies . The massive square tower has four floors and a gable roof. The ground floor is delimited at the top by a round arch frieze . The choir is vaulted . The two transept arms, also with vaults, are separated from the crossing by two round arches each. The nave, on the other hand, has a flat ceiling.
Furnishing
The baroque high altar was created in 1719 by the local sculptor Johann Caspar Hippeli and provided with Rococo ingredients in 1755 . The Assumption of Mary is depicted in the altarpiece, the Holy Trinity in the excerpt . To the right of this are large figures of St. Bernard of Clairvaux and Pope Urban I , to the left of the church patron and St. John Nepomuk . An early Romanesque capital is set up as an ambo to the left of the choir arch . The base and shaft of the baptismal font to the right of the choir arch are made of medieval material, the basin was added in 1973. Remains of medieval paintings can be seen on the walls on both sides of the choir arch. It is part of a depiction of the Last Judgment , which originally extended over the entire choir wall and was largely destroyed at the beginning of the 17th century. Below these frescoes are a rococo group of the baptism of Jesus from 1730 (right) and a Johanness bowl from around 1500 in the hand of angels (left). Both are carved from wood. In the right arm of the transept there is an altar of Saints Sebastian , Rochus and Aquilin from 1712. The altar panel shows St. Sebastian and is framed by figures from the other two altar saints. The excerpt shows the coronation of Mary . Opposite this altar is an altar by Brother Konrad in the same arm of the transept with a painting from 1936 showing the saint of the altar under Our Lady of Altötting . In the left arm of the transept there is an altar of the 14 Holy Helpers , created in 1719 , on which they are grouped around a baroque Madonna . The figures of the emergency helpers were made partly in the 15th century, partly at the same time as the altar. This altar has as a counterpart the altar of St. Kilian , Kolonat and Totnan from 1670. The rococo pulpit on the right nave wall was built around 1750. On the left nave wall there is a remarkable Pietà from the middle of the 13th century.
The Stations of the Cross are oil paintings by Johann Peter Herrlein . The organ on the western double gallery was installed in 1953 by the company Weise in Plattling and reworked in 1992 by the company Hoffmann in Ostheim vor der Rhön . The frescoes in the old sacristy show the passion and resurrection of Jesus Christ , the martyrdom of John the Baptist and some figures of saints. In the vault the Lamb of God is depicted, surrounded by the four evangelist symbols . A Pietà from around 1380 can also be seen in the sacristy.
Peal
The ringing is five-part with the notes (roughly) e ′, f sharp ′, g sharp ′, a ′ and a sharp ′ (raised?). It sounds a bit unusual mainly because of the semitone step between bell 4 and 5. With the exception of bell 3, the bells were cast by the Albert Junker foundry in Brilon .
Remarks
- ↑ Georg Dehio describes what cannot be completely reconstructed from the existing building, a high altar from 1740.
- ↑ This bowl is indicated by Georg Dehio as part of the high altar from 1740.
- ↑ This is probably one of the two side altars that Georg Dehio ascribes to the year 1720.
- ↑ According to Georg Dehio, it is probably the second side altar.
Web links
- History of the parish on the website of the parish community St. Martin Brend
- The church bells on YouTube
literature
- Johannes Steiner: Brendlorenzen. (= Little Art Guide No. 766). Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich and Zurich, 3rd, completely revised edition, 1992.
- Handbook of German Art Monuments . Bavaria I: Franconia: The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 1979, ISBN 3-422-00359-2 , p. 181.
Coordinates: 50 ° 19 ′ 44.2 " N , 10 ° 12 ′ 58.4" E