Chafing Foundation
| Chafing Foundation
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| legal form | Foundation under civil law |
| founding | 1850 |
| Seat | Nassau - Schüsten , Germany |
| management | Pastor Gerd Biesgen |
| Number of employees | approx. 900 |
| Branch | Disability assistance |
| Website | official website |
The Scheuer Foundation is a social welfare organization for the disabled . She cares for people with intellectual disabilities , acquired brain damage and mental illness . The Scheuer Foundation supports these groups of people with a wide range of services, ranging from individual forms of living to education and qualification to jobs both in workshops for disabled people (WfbM) and in companies in the regional economy. The therapeutic support of people with disabilities, offers for their day and leisure activities, guest care in the context of preventive care and much more are among their focuses.
The headquarters of the Scheuen Foundation, whose buildings are partially listed, is located in the Nassau district of Scheuen . There are also numerous other residential buildings in the Rhine-Lahn-Westerwald region. The Scheuer Foundation is a non-profit foundation under civil law. She is a member of the Diakonie Hessen and the Federal Association of Protestant Disability Aid (BeB). It has over 1000 employees.
The eventful history of the Scheuen Foundation goes back to its founding in 1850, with individual buildings being significantly older. During the National Socialist era , the Scheuen Foundation served as the only institution of the Inner Mission as an intermediate institution for the Nazi killing institution Hadamar , although its takeover set a precedent. For over 1,500 people it was the last stop before they were murdered. 153 people perished in the facilities of the Scheuen Foundation during this time. The post-war period up to the 1980s was shaped by the changed social interaction with disabled people. The conscious confrontation with the National Socialist past did not begin until the mid-1990s. Structural changes are planned by 2020.
Location and description
The core facility of the Scheuen Foundation is located in the district of Schänen in the Mühlbachtal, adjoining the city of Nassau to the south, with the surrounding forests and Nassau Castle . Due to the size of the facility, the facility dominates the townscape of Scheuen. In the north and east, the Mühlbach delimits the facility, which is accessed via a bridge. The foundation's facility extends from a valley in the northeast to a ridge in the west. In the south, Friedhofstraße and Am Schimmerich are bounding the grounds.
The core of the complex is a square with the Haus am Bach , Haus Bodelschwingh , the White House , the Schlösschen , the Old House and the Casino (with a central kitchen), the oldest buildings. They are under monument protection .
Outside of the central area, there are other essential components of the Scheuen Foundation. At the Nassau site, these are the Lahnberg dormitory with a total of six houses, the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Strasse residential building in the city center, a shop for orthopedic shoe technology and the workshop for disabled people (WfbM) in Mühlbachtal. At the Singhofen location , the foundation is represented with another workshop for disabled people (WfbM). In Bad Ems she runs the Elmar-Cappi-Haus, which is a residential building for people with acquired brain damage, as well as a residential building for people with intellectual disabilities, a counseling center for people with mental illness, a professional integration service, an assembly and Service center with printing and a one-world shop . At the site Nastätten there are two houses for people with disabilities and a one-world shop at the site Laurenburg a residential building and a daily mine site and at the site Hillscheid a CAP-market , which offers, among other six people with different impairments to social insurance jobs. In addition, there is Hofgut Mauch in Misselberg , a fruit growing company with integrated, controlled cultivation.
The house on the brook seen from the entrance to the site
The white house
The Langauer Mühle is a workshop for disabled people
The Lahnberg House (until January 2012 Karl Todt House )
organization
The Scheuer Foundation is an institution for the disabled . It offers offers in the sense of assistance, accompaniment and support, which are based on the individual need for help. The procedure for the design of care for people with disabilities (GBM) is used for quality assurance .
It works to ensure that people with disabilities can participate in social life and lead a self-determined life. The Scheuer Foundation is a member of the Diakonisches Werk Hessen und Nassau e. V. , in the Federal Association of Protestant Disability Aid and in the Federal Association of Foundations . It offers 650 differentiated living spaces, supplemented by outpatient offers such as assisted living. The Langauer Mühle , a workshop for disabled people, offers around 180 jobs and training positions. The day care center looks after people who, due to the type and severity of their disability, cannot work in a workshop for disabled people.
The workshop for disabled people (WfbM) of the Scheuen Foundation has been state-approved since 1977 and has been an economically independent institution within the Foundation since then.
In the workshops at the various locations, around 430 people find appropriate employment within the framework of participation in working life. Some of the employees have their center of life in the Foundation's residential offers; others go to work as a commuter.
history
The establishment as a rescue house for neglected stray boys
The middle of the 19th century was shaped by the social and societal upheavals of industrialization . The classic family relationships broke up, traditional village communities dissolved. As a result, many children and young people were confronted with poverty and homelessness. Some cities founded rescue houses to offer these "neglected boys" a home and raise them there to become "able citizens".
The Protestant chaplain Burchardi, the teacher Reichard and Countess Henriette von Giech played a special role in the establishment of the rescue house . The latter was a daughter of the Baron von und zum Stein and was won over by Burchardi for his plan to found a rescue house about two years after the 1st Wittenberg Church Congress held in 1848 . This church convention was decisive for the history of the Schänen homes, as Johann Hinrich Wichern gave a lecture there and promoted the establishment of rescue houses. Impressed by this lecture, Burchardi set up such a house in Nassau. In 1848, Wichern's lecture also resulted in the founding of the Central Committee for Inner Mission , an umbrella organization for many comparable organizations and initiatives.
An association was founded with the aim of setting up and operating the rescue house and collecting donations for it. The teacher H. Reichard, a friend of Burchardi's, made his schoolhouse in Hömberg available as accommodation, into which the first boy moved on October 18, 1850.
In the following year, Countess von Giech made it possible for the rescue house to move to Langenau Castle between Obernhof and Nassau . Eduard Zais directed the necessary construction work .
In 1865, when twenty boys were now at home in the rescue house, the Countess von Giech died. In the same year, the association succeeded in acquiring the small castle in Scheuert, along with a mill and some real estate. The Schlösschen, the core building of the Schänen Heime, is based on a small moated castle that was built in 1596 for Countess Maria von Nassau-Idstein as a widow's residence. From 1607 she lived in this castle. The association had to go into debt for these acquisitions, which made the work much more difficult. The board of directors asked Johann Hinrich Wichern for help. He sent one of his most experienced employees to Scheuert, Moritz Desiderius Horny.
From the rescue house to the asylum for the stupid
| Occupancy of the homes scrubbing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | |||
| 1850 | 1 | |||
| 1855 | 20th | |||
| 1875 | 52 | |||
| 1880 | 115 | |||
| 1886 | 200 | |||
| 1895 | 274 | |||
| 1910 | 323 | |||
| 1930 | 602 | |||
| 1931 | 719 | |||
| 1937 | 778 | |||
| 1945 | 350 | |||
| 1965 | 854 | |||
| 1970 | 873 | |||
| 1975 | 657 | |||
| 1980 | 642 | |||
| 1985 | 634 | |||
| Sources: A foray into the history of Heime Schänen , Heime Schänen 1963–1987 | ||||
From 1863 on Horny acted as householder. Under the impression that some rescue centers had developed in the Wiesbaden administrative district and that there was in fact an oversupply, but there was not a single facility for mentally handicapped people, the orientation of the facility was changed.
The second half of the 19th century was characterized by social upheaval. As a result of rural exodus between 1871 and 1910, the population of Frankfurt grew by 355%, Wiesbaden by 207% and Offenbach by 148%. For the working-class families, mostly living on the subsistence level , the accommodation of disabled family members in an institution meant a considerable relief, especially since the governor took over the costs of accommodation as a result of the amendment of the support residence law from 1892 .
From 1869 onwards, the tasks were set on the one hand to educate and heal "educated nonsense", on the other hand to care for and to keep "educated nonsense". It was explicitly stated in the statutes of 1872 that the Heimen Schänen was a Protestant institution and therefore all employees had to profess the Protestant denomination. On the other hand, pupils of other denominations were also admitted, who received religious instruction according to their denomination.
Debt relief and expansion
A special achievement of Horny was the debt relief of the institution, which from 1878 also employed its own institution doctor. At the same time, it was continuously expanded. Between 1870 and 1886, 1,225 applications for admission were made, 807 of which had to be rejected due to a lack of space and staff. In order to meet this demand, the boys' house (today the Altes Haus ) and the Langauer Mühle were bought in 1888 . New buildings were also initiated: in 1886 the girls' house (today the White House ) and in 1895 the Red House (today the Bodelschwingh House ).
At the same time, workplaces and workshops were set up that could be used for both school and business purposes. Among other things, there was a carpenter's shop, a basket weaving shop, a tailoring shop, a straw weaving shop and a bakery. Cattle breeding and agriculture were also a major factor in the economic basis of the Schänen homes.
The change in the Support Residence Act from 1892 onwards was decisive for the Schänen Heime as well as for many other institutions of a similar type , since from this point on the governor took over the costs of accommodating disabled family members. This strengthened the economic base clearly and made the institution more independent of donations.
Schools were subjected to increased state control from the beginning of the 20th century. In 1902 a curriculum was drawn up for the first time as required by the government. From 1905 on, the name Anstalt Schänen was used.
The First World War and the following years
The years of World War I from 1914 to 1918 were very difficult as public grants fell dramatically while the cost of food supplies rose. The existence of the institution was in jeopardy despite the taking out of loans. Malnutrition prevailed and the mortality rate among residents increased significantly.
From 1919 onwards, the institution was called an educational and nursing home for the weakly minded, scouring . Since the occupancy of the home had decreased significantly during the war, a children's rest home for the city of Offenbach was set up in the Langauer Mühle in 1920 . In 1927 this rest home moved to the Lahnberg. Director Karl Todt died on October 29, 1920. His son Karl Todt junior took over the management.
In 1928 the first trained special education teacher was hired. In 1931 the institution was divided into four areas: the home for difficult-to-educate children, the Langau nursing home for older disabled people, the educational institution for mentally retarded and epileptic boys and girls with a school, workshops and the agricultural apprentice home at Hof Mauch and the recreation home on the Lahnberg .
The homes scouring under National Socialism
Deconfessionalization and conformity
As a facility of the Inner Mission, the state authorities were unable to gain direct access to the Scheuert facility for the time being. While other institutions such as the Kalmenhof in Idstein were taken over very brutally and quickly, this took longer with the facilities of the Inner Mission. Nonetheless, the influence of National Socialism was felt even before the actual takeover. Forced sterilizations were carried out, military sports exercises and voluntary labor services were organized; the educational work was based on the model of a labor camp, the penalties for violating the prison regulations increased significantly.
In 1937 Governor Wilhelm Traupel , chairman of the Provincial Welfare Association , registered the right to the leadership of all institutions in which people were housed at the expense of his authority. When he encountered resistance at the Schüsten facility, he threatened to cancel a loan granted to the facility and to relocate all residents whose accommodation his authority paid for. Such a measure would probably have meant the economic ruin of the Scheuer facility. A new statute based on the Führer principle was passed, the board of directors was abolished and replaced by an individual board, the welfare officer and SS-Hauptsturmführer Fritz Bernotat . Karl Todt remained the director of the institution. This change in leadership was shaped by the decision of the board of the establishment to oppose the instructions of the Central Committee and to initiate an unauthorized amendment of the statutes. Todt justified this decision, among other things, with reference to the financial dependency, the impending loss of jobs and damage to the residents through a potential uprooting. It is believed that Todt, who joined the NSDAP in the same year , had promised himself advantages for his personal freedom of action from this constellation.
A precedent was thus set with the Heimen Schäufen, which prompted the Central Committee of the Institutions of the Interior Mission to instruct that in future negotiations with the authorities should be conducted by the Central Committee. It was thus possible to prevent similar takeovers at the Hephata asylums in Treysa and Nieder-Ramstadt , even if this was associated with pronounced economic losses due to the withdrawal of the sick under the government.
Forced sterilizations
Even before the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists and the introduction of the law for the prevention of genetically ill offspring (GzVeN), doctors from denominational institutions also demanded a law that allowed the sterilization of certain disabled people. These included the prison doctor Anthes and director Todt.
"How joyfully we, who have been working for 83 years on the mentally weak and epileptic human children according to the mission of our Savior, welcomed the racial measures of our leader, which are to fight the evils from the roots [...] Therefore we welcome the law." sterilization, i.e. sterility for the purpose of preventing hereditary offspring, on the basis of which we were allowed to build with our experience [...] Even if the success of these measures will only have an effect in generations, we thank the Führer from the deepest knowledge that he with his laws sows the seeds of hope from which a healthy, large German people may grow. God will bless this willing because it is carried by love for one's neighbor! "
From 1934 onwards, i.e. before the actual takeover by the National Socialist administration, forced sterilization was carried out at the nursing homes . At least 110 residents were harmed between 1934 and 1938. No statements can be made about the extent of forced sterilization in the following years due to the inadequate file situation. It can be assumed, on the one hand, that the number of forced sterilizations had fallen sharply, and, on the other hand, that the practice now practiced no longer seemed worth mentioning. Essentially three hospitals were responsible for the sterilization: the Henrietten-Theresien-Stift in Nassau, the deaconess home in Bad Ems and the state hospital in Herborn .
The second World War
The Second World War had a direct impact on life and everyday life in Schänen. During the war, parts of the Schüsten facility were used as a hospital for wounded German soldiers, which led to space being confined. In addition, the food supply became so desolate that some soldiers shared their rations with the residents in order to alleviate their suffering.
As the war progressed, more and more home residents were employed in war production. Youngsters worked in the Nieverner Hütte , at Gebrüder Lotz Wagen- und Karosseriebau in Bad Ems , in the grid and gate factory Jean Holler in Bad Ems, with Buderus in Staffel and with the Reichsbahn in Niederlahnstein .
On 1st / 2nd February and March 19, 1945 Nassau was hit by heavy air raids. The institute's pupils helped to rescue missing soldiers who were housed in the Kurhaus at the time, which served as a hospital.
The end of the Second World War came for the institution on March 27, 1945, when troops of the US Army advanced from the south via Scheuert to Nassau. They shot a foster child who was busy with grave work in the cemetery. The man killed was one of those who escaped the first transport on March 18, 1941. He was the last person to be killed at the Schüsten facility during the National Socialist era.
The Scheuer homes as an intermediate institution
From the end of 1939, various sanatoriums and nursing homes were converted into killing centers as part of the T-4 campaign . There, “useless eaters” were massively destroyed by gassing, among other things . The Scheuer facility was an intermediate facility of the Hadamar killing facility such as u. a. also the institutions in Andernach , Eichberg in Eltville am Rhein , the Klinikum Weilmünster and the Kalmenhof in Idstein . Killings were carried out in Hadamar from January 1941. The function of the intermediate facilities was the "interim storage" of the transports destined for Hadamar. This means that it should be ensured that only as many victims were brought in as could be murdered immediately afterwards. They were relocated with so-called Gekrat buses and also with the Reichsbahn.
From mid-1940 onwards, registration forms for selection were also distributed to the Scheuert facility, which were used to record the pupils and which were then sent back to the Reich Committee for the scientific recording of serious genetic and genetic illnesses . It was there that life and death were decided. On March 18, 1941, the first transport of 38 people to the Arnsdorf institution took place . Originally it was planned to transport 50 people. But when the compilation took place, it turned out that only 23 were available. So 15 more people were selected ad hoc. A few days after their arrival, 31 of these people were transferred to the Pirna-Sonnenstein killing center , where they were gassed. Their killing was even filmed.
By July 23, 1941, nine more transports followed, all of them with the destination Hadamar. A total of 658 people were murdered with these transports. While the transport to Arnsdorf and the first four transports to Hadamar exclusively comprised residents of the Schänen facility, the other five transports mainly deported so-called “intermediate prison patients”.
On August 24, 1941, Adolf Hitler gave verbal instructions to end Operation T-4 and to stop “adult euthanasia” in the six killing centers. This instruction was based on public protests against this action. The " child euthanasia " was continued, however, as was the decentralized killing of disabled adults in individual sanatoriums and nursing homes.
As a result of this directive, there were almost no transfers to Schrebs in 1942, although around 300 interim patients were quartered here. At the beginning of 1943, the relocations began again. By 1945 another 717 people had been transported to Hadamar, 651 of whom mostly died shortly after their arrival there.
So-called children's departments were set up in other institutions . In the area of the Hessen-Nassau district association , this affected the Eichberg and Kalmenhof institutions . The deaths were no longer caused by gassing, but by drug poisoning and targeted starvation. It is known for the years 1943 to 1945 that 88 of the 141 children who were relocated to the Kalmenhof from Schüsten were killed there.
But 153 people died from the interim transports, 129 of whom are buried in the local cemetery. Hunger, cold, undersupply of medical supplies and only makeshift care were the causes of the high mortality. Is documented in this context in the institution scouring the use of a so-called folding coffin , a coffin design that could be used several times due to the frequency of deaths.
resistance
Director Todt regularly tried to prevent some of the long-term residents of the homes from being evacuated, among other things by hiding them in the institution or by placing them with farmers who needed their labor during harvest time. He warned relatives of residents several times about an upcoming deportation , so that a release could be arranged before the pick-up. However, it also happened in this context that families refused to accept the pupils. In some cases, pupils were even made staff members to prevent deportation. In such cases, however, the transport manager often selected other residents for deportation. Today it can be assumed that the T4 central office tacitly granted the prison directors a certain amount of leeway. This concession promoted the cooperation of many prison directors and prevented open resistance. The fact is, however, that significantly fewer people died in Schubbing itself than in other institutions of comparable size that were assigned to Hadamar as an intermediate institution.
post war period
Todt and Anthes were arrested by the French occupation authorities after the end of the war. Two proceedings followed, first at the Koblenz Regional Court and appealed to the Koblenz Higher Regional Court . In these proceedings, both were legally acquitted. In the first instance, the court held that the two defendants had objectively and subjectively charged guilt, but that their actions were determined by the will to avert even greater harm. In the second instance, hiding victims was viewed as a subversive activity against the crimes, while more was not possible.
After the war, the further direction of the institution was fundamentally discussed in the board. The question was whether one should orientate oneself again to the Evangelical-Christian principles in the educational work, or whether general welfare work should be carried out. In the statute of 1947, the commitment to the Diakonie and the Evangelical Church was finally clearly emphasized. With these statutes, the name “ Heilerziehungs- und Pflegeeanstalt Schänen” was coined.
In 1956, the largest special school for people with learning disabilities in Rhineland-Palatinate, the Wichernschule, was inaugurated at the Schänen homes with 430 places . In 1959, the Horny House was inaugurated . The recreation home for children on the Lahnberg was closed in 1961.
On February 21, 1962, half a year after the death of his wife Marie, Karl Todt junior died. at the age of 75.
The fisherman era
On December 1, 1963, Bernhard Fischer succeeded Werner Stöhr as director. The 1960s and 1970s were shaped by the legal innovations that were introduced in the Federal Republic of Germany with regard to living and working in home facilities. Mention should be made here of the Home Law, the Severely Disabled Law, the Federal Social Welfare Law and the Home Minimum Building Ordinance. Among other things, minimum standards were defined with regard to the personnel key and the general living situation. At the homes, this made training to become qualified employees necessary, which is why an internal training course was offered from 1964, which was replaced in 1967 by training as a curative education assistant . At the same time, the number of places was reduced. In 1973 the number of employees had risen to 310 and had thus almost doubled compared to 1963 with 158 employees. During the same period, the number of residents fell from 847 to 691.
Employee representatives were elected for the first time in 1966 . In 1970 the name was changed again to Schänen Healing Education and Nursing Homes .
The structures were continuously expanded and new living options created. From 1975 onwards, Laurenburg Castle was leased as a dormitory for the elderly. Extensive new buildings were made in 1967 with the Buchardihaus am Hof Mauch , the Lahnberg dormitories in 1977 and the Schimmerich dormitories in 1984.
In the 1970s there was another change in the profile of the institution, as a comprehensive system of special schools was set up in Rhineland-Palatinate. Accordingly, there was a sharp decline in applications for admission from children and young people with learning disabilities . The focus of the activity shifted to the accompaniment of practically educable and severely disabled people. As a result, the Wichernschule had to be closed in 1985. In contrast, a large number of adequate jobs were created. In 1982 the Langauer Mühle with 180 jobs was inaugurated, followed by the inauguration of the WfbM in Singhofen in 1994. In 1995 the house rose garden was inaugurated.
Coming to terms with the past
It took a long time to consciously come to terms with the National Socialist past and institutionalized commemoration - longer than at most comparable state or diaconal institutions. Rather, the Schänen homes were considered very secretive in research circles even with regard to their past. This is made clear in the statements made by Ute Daub and Ernst Klee at a symposium of the Hessian state parliament on October 25, 1995.
The National Socialist past was not deliberately denied, however - it was just not addressed. A film documentary from 1952/53 dealt with the role of Heime Schänen. In the 1960s, wooden crosses were set up in the cemetery for the 130 victims who died in the homes and were buried in the cemetery. However, these crosses rot over time, were cleared away and not replaced.
From the mid-1980s onwards, inquiries from researchers about the fate of patients who were relocated after their stopover increased. If there was evidence of a scientific interest, the homes granted access to their main books. However, Director Fischer announced in 1983 that the institution was not particularly exposed to state access, even if the homes were the last place of residence several times due to the proximity to the Hadamar killing center.
With the change of management in 1987, when Herrmann Otto Fuchs took over management of the homes from Bernhard Fischer, the way of dealing with the past changed. Documents were collected, film recordings for “Everything sick is a burden” were approved. As part of an exhibition on the history of the homes, a chapter also dealt with the crimes of euthanasia.
The educational work received further impetus in 1997 when Karl Todt's trial files were found. From now on, targeted research was carried out to find the way to commemorate the victims. This included interviews with surviving residents of the homes, archiving the existing documents, setting up an exhibition and the decision in 1999 to erect a memorial for the victims of the euthanasia crimes for the 150th anniversary.
From 1999 onwards, trips to the memorial in Hadamar became an integral part of the training program for the employees of the Schänen homes. On November 19, 2000, the memorial in the central building block was inaugurated in memory of the victims of euthanasia.
At the corner of Burgberg and Brückenstrasse, Cologne artist Gunter Demnig set a trip threshold in the sidewalk in January 2011 . It bears the inscription More than 1000 people were transferred by the National Socialists between 1941 and 1945 from the state institution in Scheuen, which had been converted into an intermediate institution, to other 'sanatoriums' and murdered there. Most of them in Hadamar .
Against the background of Karl Todt's problematic position during the Nazi era, his responsibility for the events in Sch scrub and his statements on forced sterilization, the foundation's board of directors decided to start on January 27, 2012 - the day of remembrance of the victims of the National Socialism - to give the Karl-Todt-Haus its original name Haus Lahnberg again.
Change and realignment for the future
The sexual abuse committed by a pastor in 2002 in the Schänen homes was completely cleared up. With full conviction, the pastor was sentenced to one year and four months' imprisonment. A church disciplinary procedure followed.
Alternative forms of living have been continuously expanded since 1997. The Scheuer Foundation currently maintains two decentralized residential buildings in Bad Ems , one of which is geared towards people with intellectual disabilities and one specifically aimed at people with acquired brain damage. There are also two residential buildings in Nastätten and one in Nassau . The aim is to create 270 decentralized residential offers in the Rhein-Lahn district and beyond by 2020 . The background to this decentralization is the social model of inclusion .
As part of this realignment, the board of directors decided at the beginning of 2011 to change the statutes, which resulted in the renaming of the foundation . Another amendment to the statutes followed at the beginning of 2015: the previous director was replaced by the board of directors, which manages the business of the Schänen Foundation and manages the entire facility on its own responsibility. The previous board was replaced by a seven to nine-member board of trustees . This is the highest foundation body that monitors, advises and accompanies the board in its work.
In August 2012, Inklusa gGmbH , a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Scheuen Foundation, opened an approximately 1000 square meter CAP grocery store in the Westerwald community of Hillscheid , which among other things offers six people with different disabilities jobs subject to social security contributions.
"Be stupid"
The philologist and folklorist Lutz Röhrich brought the term "stupid" in connection with the homes of Sch behind and the mentally handicapped people who live there. However, this assumption is considered unlikely. The term is probably related to a slapping act like slapping.
literature
- City of Nassau (ed.): Origin and design - history and stories . 1997.
- Working group to research the National Socialist "euthanasia" and forced sterilization (ed.): Psychiatry in the Third Reich - focus on Hesse . Klemm & Oelschläger, Ulm 2002, ISBN 978-3-932577-51-2 .
- Peter Sandner: Administration of the murder of the sick - The district association Nassau in the national socialism . In: Historical series of publications by the State Welfare Association of Hesse - University publications . Volume 2, Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen 2003. ( Online access , PDF file)
- Bernhard Fischer: Heime Schänen 1963–1987 . Heime Scheuer, Montabaur 1987.
- Heime Scheuer (Ed.): "Don't forget me and come ..." . 2000.
- LG Koblenz, October 4, 1948 . In: Justice and Nazi crimes . Collection of German convictions for Nazi homicides 1945–1966, Vol. III, edited by Adelheid L. Rüter-Ehlermann, CF Rüter . Amsterdam: University Press, 1969, No. 88, pp. 249-272 Participation in the 'euthanasia program' by forwarding intermediate transports for the extermination of certain mentally ill people, by filling in registration forms and listing disabled patients
Web links
- Homepage of the Scheuer Foundation
- http://www.stiftung-schüsten.de/index.php?id=196 (link not available)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homes expand housing offers in the whole district In: Rhein-Lahn-Zeitung of June 22, 2010
- ↑ According to information from the mayor on April 16, 2011, Schänen has 777 residents, 381 of them in the Scheuert foundation
- ↑ Homepage of the Scheuer Foundation , Living with Intellectual Disabilities (as of June 1, 2014).
- ↑ a b Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen homes in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 162, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ Homes expand housing offers in the whole district In: Rhein-Lahn-Zeitung of June 22, 2010
- ↑ Palaces, castles and museums in the Nassau Nature Park p. 21, Zweckverband Naturpark Nassau
- ↑ a b Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen homes in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 163, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen homes in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 165, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ Bernhard Fischer Heime Schänen 1963–1987, p. 60, Heime Schänen 1987
- ↑ Martina Schrapper: … 100 inquiries about the most urgent part… In: Christian Schrapper, Dieter Sengling (Ed.): The idea of imageability - 100 years of socio-educational practice in the Kalmenhof educational institution. Juventa Verlag, Weinheim / Munich 1988.
- ↑ a b Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen homes in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 164, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ Peter Sandner Administration of the Murder of the sick p. 199
- ^ Peter Sandner Administration of the Murder of the Sick p. 200
- ↑ 82nd annual report of September 17, 1933 of Heime Schünsch, p. 5
- ↑ a b Documentation "Everything sick is burden" The churches and the "Destruction of life unworthy of life" , by Ernst Klee and Gunnar Petrich (ARD 1988), can be seen here
- ↑ a b Andrea Wery Medical Education and Nursing Institution Scheuen In Psychiatry in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 166
- ↑ Don't forget me and come ... pp. 43–44
- ↑ a b Don't forget me and come p. 44
- ↑ Don't forget me and come on p. 44 - The Americans were nervous because on the one hand they had come under fire from Burgberg and there was also information about SS units in the Nassau area.
- ↑ Andrea Wery Heilerziehungs- und Pflegeeanstalt Schänen In: Psychiatrie im Third Reich p. 85
- ↑ Don't forget me and come ... p. 31 - The films are now considered lost.
- ↑ Andrea Wery Heilerziehungs- und Pflegeeanstalt Schänen In: Psychiatrie im Third Reich p. 87
- ^ Andrea Wery Heilerziehungs- und Pflegeeanstalt Schänen In: Psychiatrie im Third Reich p. 89
- ↑ Andrea Wery Heilerziehungs- und Pflegeeanstalt Schänen In: Psychiatrie im Third Reich pp. 93–94
- ↑ Andrea Wery Heilerziehungs- und Pflegeeanstalt Schänen In: Psychiatrie im Third Reich p. 90
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen Heime in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 166, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ Don't forget me and come ... pp. 36–37
- ↑ Don't forget me and come ... pp. 44–45
- ↑ a b Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen homes in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 167, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ The common tombstone gives * April 18, 1886 and † February 21, 1962 for Karl Todt jun. and * November 28, 1886 and † August 2, 1961 for Marie Todt b. Schultheis on.
- ↑ Bernhard Fischer Heime Schänen 1963–1987, p. 60, Heime Schänen 1987
- ↑ Bernhard Fischer Heime Schänen 1963–1987 p. 30, Heime Schänen 1987
- ↑ We in Nassauer Land - Foundation Scheuert presents itself in a new picture from February 25, 2011
- ↑ Bernhard Fischer Heime Schänen 1963–1987 pp. 64/65, Heime Scheuert 1987
- ↑ a b Stefan Koppelmann A foray into the history of the Schänen homes in the city of Nassau Origin and design History and stories p. 168, City of Nassau 1997
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 191
- ↑ Printed matter 15/1001 (PDF; 598 kB) of the Hessian Landtag Report of the President of the Landtag on the symposium on the response of the state government to the big question of the BÜNDNIS 90 / DIE GRÜNEN parliamentary group regarding persecution and extermination by the NS regime in Hesse published on March 7, 2000
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 191
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 192
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 193/194
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse pp. 195/196
- ^ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 196/197
- ↑ Stefan Koppelmann Taking the victims back into our midst In: Psychiatrie in the Third Reich - Focus on Hesse p. 198
- ↑ In front of Heimen Schänen, the stumbling block reminds of Holocaust victims. Message from the Evangelical Church to the Rhine and Lahn of January 29, 2011
- ↑ Information from the Evangelical Church on the Rhine and Lahn: Scheuert foundation renames Karl-Todt-Haus , accessed on January 28, 2012
- ^ Opinion of the provost for South Nassau Rink on sexual abuse of adolescents by pastors ( memento of December 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) of March 17, 2010
- ↑ Homes expand housing offers throughout the district In: Rhein-Lahn-Zeitung of June 12, 2010
- ^ Homes become a foundation In: Rhein-Lahn-Zeitung of February 4, 2011
- ↑ Society for German Language - Origin of “stupid” accessed on June 16, 2015
Coordinates: 50 ° 18 ′ 31.2 ″ N , 7 ° 47 ′ 25.4 ″ E