Marsh cress
| Marsh cress | ||||||||||||
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Water pondcress ( Rorippa amphibia ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Rorippa | ||||||||||||
| Scop. |
The pond cress ( Rorippa ) are a genus of plants within the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The pond cress species are annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants . They are mostly marsh or water plants. Some species form rhizomes . If there are hairs ( trichomes ) then they are simple. The upright to creeping stems are simple or branched and leafy.
The leaves are simple or usually one to three pinnate. The lower leaves are petiolate. The leaf margin is smooth to toothed.
Generative characteristics
The racemose inflorescences and the stem axis stretch while the fruits ripen. There may be bracts.
The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are fourfold. The four mostly green sepals are erect to spread out. The four petals are often yellow, rarely white or pink. The usually six (rarely four) stamens are of the same length. There are nectar glands. Two carpels are a top permanent ovary grown, the 10 to 300 ovules contains. The stylus usually ends in a cephalic scar that can sometimes be slightly bilobed.
There are pods formed or silicles. The membranous septum is rarely perforated. The seeds are usually in two rows in the fruit. The seeds are very rarely winged.
Systematics and distribution
The generic name Rorippa was first published in 1760 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in Flora Carniolica , p. 520. Synonyms for Rorippa Scop. are Clandestinaria Spach , Kardanoglyphos Schltdl. , Neobeckia Greene , Pirea T.Durand , Radicula Moench , Sisymbrianthus Chevall. , Tetrapoma Turcz. ex fish. & CAMey.
The Rorippa species are distributed with around (70 to) 86 species from Europe to Central Asia , Africa and North America (22 species).
With some authors, the species of the independent genus of the watercress ( Nasturtium ) are incorporated into the genus Rorippa .
- Alpine pond cress ( Rorippa alpina (S.Wats.) Rydb. ): It is common in the US states of Colorado , Idaho , Montana , Wyoming , Nevada and Utah .
- Water pond cress , also called bank cress or water cress ( Rorippa amphibia (L.) Bess. )
- Lower pond cress ( Rorippa anceps (Wahlenb.) Rchb. )
- Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) EJPalmer & Steyerm. : This aquatic plant thrives at altitudes of 0 to 200 meters in North America.
- Austrian pond cress ( Rorippa austriaca (Cr.) Bess. )
- Rorippa barbareifolia (DC.) Kitagawa : It is found in China , Mongolia , Russia , Alaska and northern Canada .
- Rorippa benghalensis (DC.) H.Hara : It iswidespreadin China, Bangladesh , Bhutan , Cambodia , India , Laos , Malaysia , Myanmar , Nepal , Sikkim , Thailand and Vietnam .
- Rorippa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb. : It occurs in the USA.
- Chinese pond cress ( Rorippa cantoniensis (Lour.) Ohwi ): It is found in Vietnam, China, Japan, Korea and in Russia's Far East.
- Rorippa coloradensis R. Stuckey : This species is believed to be extinct. It was last collected in 1875 and was endemic to the San Luis Valley, Colorado.
- Colombian pond cress ( Rorippa columbiae (Suksdorf ex BLRobins.) Suksdorf ex TJHowell ): It occurs in California , Oregon and Washington .
- Rorippa crystallina Rollins : It occurs in Canada.
- Rorippa curvipes Greene (Syn .: Rorippa truncata (Jeps.) Stuckey ): Home is North America.
- Rorippa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bess. ex Britt. : It occurs in Canada and the USA with Alaska.
- Rorippa dubia (Persoon) H.Hara : It is widespread in China, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sikkim, Thailand, Vietnam. In North and South America it is a neophyte .
- Rorippa elata (JDHooker & Thomson) Handel-Mazzetti : It is common in Bhutan , Sikkim , Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Qinghai , Shaanxi , Sichuan and in northwestern Yunnan .
- Rorippa globosa (Turcz. Ex Fisch. & CAMey.) Hayek : Home is China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia and Vietnam.
- Rorippa indica (L.) Here : It is widespread in China, the Indian subcontinent, Nepal, Sikkim, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. In North and South America it is a neophyte.
- Rorippa intermedia (Kuntze) R. Stuckey : It occurs only in Costa Rica .
- Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás (non Rorippa islandica auct.): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Slovenia, on the Balkan Peninsula, in Switzerland, Austria, in Norway, Iceland, Ireland, Great Britain, in Ukraine and in Europe Russia before.
- Rorippa microtitis (BLRobins.) Rollins : It occurs in the US states of Arizona and New Mexico and in the Mexican state of Chihuahua .
- Rorippa montana (Wall. Ex Hook. F. & T.And.) Small : It occurs in the Himalayas to Pakistan and in eastern Asia. In North America it is a neophyte.
- Karst cress ( Rorippa lippizensis (Wulf.) Rchb. ): It occurs mainly on the Balkan Peninsula.
- Common pond cress ( Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ): The home is large parts of Eurasia and North America; it is feral in Australia and South America.
- Rorippa pinnata (Moc. & Sessé) Rollins : It is distributed from central Mexico via Guatemala to Colombia.
- Puerto Rico pond cress ( Rorippa portoricensis (Spreng.) Stehlé ): It occurs in on Caribbean islands.
- Pyrenees Marsh Cress ( Rorippa pyrenaica (All.) Reichenb. ): It occurs in Central and Southern Europe and in Morocco.
- Rorippa ramosa Rollins : It occurs from Texas to the Mexican states of Coahuila and Durango .
- Rorippa sarmentosa (G.Forst. Ex DC.) JFMacbr. : It occurs in Australia.
- Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) ASHitchc. : Home is North America.
- Rorippa sinuata (Nutt.) ASHitchc. : Home is Canada and the USA.
- Round-fruited pond cress ( Rorippa sphaerocarpa (Gray) Britt. ): It is distributed from the USA to the Mexican state of Chihuahua .
- Rorippa subumbellata Rollins : Home are relatively small areas in California and Nevada.
- Wild pond cress ( Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Bess. ): This species has a wide distribution in Eurasia; in North and South America it is a neophyte.
- Rorippa tenerrima Greene : Home is North America and Mexico.
- Rorippa teres (Michx.) R. Stuckey : It is distributed from the USA via Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua.
Most of the time, the genus Rorippa no longer includes
- Bastard watercress ( Nasturtium × sterile (Airy Shaw) Oefelein = Nasturtium microphyllum × Nasturtium officinale ; Syn .: Rorippa × sterilis Airy-Shaw ).
use
The leaves of some species are eaten raw or cooked.
swell
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz, Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae. : Rorippa Scopoli , pp. 132-135 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 8: Brassicaceae through Saxifragaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2001, ISBN 0-915279-93-2 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Rorippa Scopoli. , Pp. 493-505 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Walter Bleeker, C. Weber-Sparenberg, Herbert Hurka: Chloroplast DNA variation and biogeography in the genus Rorippa Scop. (Brassicaceae). In: Plant Biology , Volume 4, 2002, pp. 104-111.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Rorippa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
- ↑ Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz: Rorippa Scopoli. , Pp. 493-505 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 .
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 10 - Cruciferae (Sisymbrium to Aubrieta). Page 140, Helsinki 1994, ISBN 951-9108-09-2 .
- ↑ Entries on Rorippa in Plants For A Future
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