Treasure trove Türk
| Türkschacht | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| other names | Bay 83 | ||
| Mining technology | Ridge construction, ridge construction | ||
| Rare minerals | Arsenic , arsenolite , galena , safflorite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Union "Schneeberger Kobaltfeld" | ||
| Start of operation | 1513 | ||
| End of operation | 1957 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Bismuth / cobalt / silver / nickel / uranium | ||
| bismuth | |||
| Türk flatter | |||
| Greatest depth | 250 m | ||
| cobalt | |||
| Degradation of | cobalt | ||
| Katharina Flacher | |||
| Greatest depth | 250 m | ||
| silver | |||
| Degradation of | silver | ||
| Victoria Flat | |||
| Mightiness | 0.3 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 250 m | ||
| nickel | |||
| Degradation of | nickel | ||
| Erika Flacher I. | |||
| Mightiness | 0.15 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 285 m | ||
| uranium | |||
| Degradation of | uranium | ||
| Good Hope Flat | |||
| Mightiness | 0.10 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 220 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 34 '31.6 " N , 12 ° 38' 49.4" E | ||
|
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| Location | Zschorlau | ||
| local community | Zschorlau | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Erzgebirgskreis | ||
| country | Free State of Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
The Türk treasure trove with its widely visible headframe of the well-known Türk shaft on the northern edge of Zschorlau belongs to the Schneeberger Bergrevier and was a mine that was in operation for several hundred years, in which besides silver , cobalt and bismuth were extracted. In the last operating period, uranium ore played the most important role. At a depth of 315.2 m, 7 levels were struck.
history
1513 to 1880
The Türk mine was probably first awarded in 1513 . As a result, it was operated as an attachment to the Bergkappe treasure trove to the northwest . The prince tunnel, which was laid out in the 15th century to dissolve water, penetrated the Türk mine in 1825 . The penetration into greater depths and the resulting impoverishment of the ore veins at the beginning of the 19th century forced the pits in the Schneeberg district to consolidate .
Together with the expected breakthrough of the Marx-Semler-adit , the deepest water-solution adit in the area, into the mine building of the Old Turk Shaft , this was the decisive factor, in 1838 with the sinking of a new shaft, the Türk New Shaft between the 2nd and 3rd Türkner Maaßenschacht in Gear system of the Türk flat to begin with. The shaft was sunk in the Jung Türk area with a dip of 71 ° and a clear cross-section of 3.6 m². In 1844 the Türkschacht reached the Fürstenstollnsohle with a shallow depth of 76 Lachter (152 m) . In the same year, the construction of the horse peg as a hoisting machine was completed, so that the first delivery could take place on Wednesday, October 30, 1844.
Starting in 1845 a Saigerteufe 45 Lach Tern a (90 m) Kunstradstube imposed and a to 1847 Kunstrad incorporated with a diameter of 12 meters. This enabled the pit to sink the shaft further below the floor of the Fürstenstolln and to raise the water that accumulates there to its level and drain it off.
From 1849 began, the brittle rocks in the hanging wall of the shaft by a brick lining to stabilize.
In the quarter of Trinity (March 5th to June 8th) of the year 1851, the shaft sinking reached the bottom of the Marx-Semler-Stolln at a shallow depth of a total of 99.8 Lachtern (199.60 m). In 1865, the Marx-Semler-Stolln broke through into the mine building with a shallow depth of 22.5 puddles (45 m) under the Fürstenstolln . The Türkschacht , the last significant mine building in Schneeberg, was connected to the tunnel. This made it much easier to penetrate into the depths, as the water from the underground structures only had to be raised to the level of the Marx-Semler-Stolln .
1880 to 1945
In 1880, as part of the consolidation of the Schneeberger were mining all mines to union Schneeberger cobalt field combined.
Since the 1847 built Kunstrad could no longer cope with the zusitzenden water masses, it was established in 1887 by the bay from White Hart converted water column machine replaced. This was installed in 59 Lachter (118 m) Saiger pit.
In 1887 the still existing 18 m high headframe was erected and the drive of the conveyor cap was replaced by a steam engine. The new twin winder, designed as a bobbin , went into operation on January 9, 1888. In the course of the reconstruction of the conveyor system, the shaft was regulated, rebuilt and made operational by the end of the year up to the Fürstenstolln . This made the old Turk superfluous and thrown off and relocated in the following years.
During the sinking work under the Marx-Semler-Stollnsohle the water sitting there was lifted with a Körting water jet device onto the tunnel sole.
In 1891 the Türkschacht reached the deepest shaft at a shallow depth of 166.68 Lachtern (333.36 m). This means that the sump is 157.6 Lachter (315.20 m) below the 542.38 m above sea level. NN ground level lying.
With a cross passage driven from the Türkschacht to the northeast at the level of the Marx-Semler-Stollnsohle , the Katharina Flacher corridor was approached 190 m from the Türk Flachen in 1892 . As a result, even before the Türk Flachen , it developed into the most important passage in the mine.
With the cross passage, which was extended in the following years, at 185 m distance from Katharina Flachen , the Gute Hoffnung Flachen was crossed . At this point in time, however, this was obviously of no importance for the mine. With the further opening of the cross passage at the beginning of 1894, at a distance of 387 m from the Türk Flachen, a heavily water-bearing corridor zone, the later corridor section 13, was hit. In order to control the water masses of approx. 420 l / min from there, one was forced to build in a 1.6 m thick spigot at a distance of 77 m from Katharina Flachen .
After the sinking work in the Türkschacht was completed , the corridors Türk Flacher and Katharina Flacher were examined and built on in their extension to the southeast and northwest. Here, Katharina Flache has proven to be the more productive course for over 30 years. In 1896, the price of ore was 10,488 (RM) from Türk Flachen , while Katharina Flache achieved proceeds of 13,289 RM during the same period . While the ore payments from Katharina Flachen reached a considerable level in the following years (1914: 52,411 RM, 1918: 54,484 RM, 1921: 51,566 RM) , no notable ore discoveries are known from Türk Flachen , despite extensive excavation work. The ore deliveries also fell drastically on the Katharina Flachen from 1921 onwards. In 1924 an ore payment of RM 15,482 could be achieved. From 1927 there were no more ore discoveries worth mentioning on either of the corridors (the original figures were converted to RM as of 1938).
Due to an extremely dry summer in 1911, the impact water for the water column machine failed. This meant that the water left behind in the underground construction could no longer be lifted. As a result, the soles below the Marx-Semler-Stolln sagged . It was not until the following year that the civil engineering floors could be completely swamped again.
In order to reduce the subsidies that had been necessary for years to maintain the mine operation, all corridor examinations were given up in 1913, the underground workings were flooded up to the 1st Gezeug route and mining concentrated on the Katharina Flachen .
The steam conveyor system of the Türkschachtes was replaced in 1929 by a conveyor reel with a diesel engine. In July 1931, operations were shut down because the ore reserves that had been tapped were largely exhausted and metal prices continued to decline.
After the state of Saxony made funds available for further investigation of the deposit, work in the Türkschacht was resumed in October 1933. The lack of economic success led to the suspension of all work in 1939; in the same year the horse goblet was torn down.
In 1944, the Schneeberger Kobaltfeld trade union was incorporated into the Schneeberg company headquarters of Sachsenz AG . When it was founded in 1937, it brought together all of the mines that have been producing in Saxony since the resumption of ore mining in 1933.
1945 to 1957
The massive engine house of the Türkschachtes was demolished in August 1945 (probably for the extraction of building material). On the orders of Captain Regens, the Russian city commander Schneeberg, the mining of BiCoNi ores was resumed in the Schneeberg district in September 1945 . At the same time, the Geological Group (Геологопоисковая Партия) , founded by the 9th Administration of the Ministry of Interior of the USSR on September 14, 1945, carried out initial exploratory work on uranium over the course of 2 months. The work was then continued by the Saxon Ore Search Group (Саксонская Рудно-Поисковая Партия) .
On April 4, 1946, the Saxon ore search group was transformed into the Saxon mining and exploration group (Саксонская Промышленно-Разведочная Партия) . Under her direction, the clearing, installation and extraction work began.
In August 1946 the Schneeberger Mining was subordinated to the Saxon Mining Administration under the field post number 27304 of the Red Army , which emerged from the Saxon Extraction and Exploration Group on July 29, 1946 in Moscow by decision of the Council of Ministers of the USSR . The Saxon Mining Administration is the forerunner of the general management of Wismut AG , which was founded on June 6, 1947 . Its first general director was Major General Mikhail Mitrofanowitsch Malzew . This had already taken over the management of the Saxon mining administration in September 1946 .
The mining of BiCoNi ores in the Schneeberger ore field was continued, with the last 123 tons of ore being mined in October 1946.
On April 1, 1947, the Schneeberg deposit was separated from Object 02 as Object 03 .
The command 01477 of bismuth AG was begun in December 1948, the door shaft under the bismuth number 83 to the Marx-Semler-Stoll sole again aufzuwältigen . The shaft was expanded with two ski rubble and a driving center. After the spinning introduced into the north-east cross passage in 1894, the cross passage was extended to a total length of 825 m. Which in this excavation encountered transitions Victoria Flat , Erika Flat I and Erika II Flat led, as well as the already well-known Good Hope flat , partly a good uranium mineralization.
Due to the good uranium finds, the shaft was excavated down to the deepest level ( 3rd geology section or 120 m level ) in 1951 . As a result, this level was expanded to become the main production level. The 150 m level, which is 30 meters lower at +220 m above sea level , was then driven over the die 4 as the deepest level in the area of the Gute Hope flat .
From mid-1955, the existing non-ferrous metal ores ( silver , bismuth , cobalt , nickel ) were mined alongside uranium ore . After work on shaft 130 of SDAG Wismut was stopped in September 1955, the Türk shaft was the last shaft of the Schneeberg deposit that was still producing.
After setting the uranium mining in the summer of 1956, the deposit was for a decision of the Bureau of Ministers of the GDR, of 23 February 1956 on 1 August 1956 by the Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy of the GDR as an operating department Schneeberg the VEB tungsten -Zinnerz Pechtelsgrün to passed further mining of non-ferrous metal ores.
After a detailed examination of the approx. 3,000 to 4,000 tonnes of ore reserves still to be found, which are mainly located in the pit of the Türkschacht , the mining operation became final by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of March 1957 on July 1, 1957, due to the lack of profitability due to the insignificance of the ores still to be found , set. Funding did not take place between August 1956 and March 1957.
The Turkschacht mine site became the seat of the Schneeberg mountain safety system , which was newly founded on July 1, 1957 . Since the shaft is located in the area of the Aue district, the headquarters of the Schneeberg mountain rescue service was relocated to the site of the Weißer Hirsch shaft in Schneeberg in November 1957 . In the period that followed, all buildings were demolished and the dump, verifiably until at least 1967, was removed for the extraction of gravel.
The first securing and reconstruction of the oldest iron headframe, which is under monument protection, was carried out by the Schneeberg mountain security company in 1987. From 1994 to 1996 the headframe was reconstructed again and the drivability of the Türkschachtes up to the bottom of the Fürstenstolln was made by the Schneeberg mountain security company.
2010
In December 2010, the Saxon Higher Mining Authority granted the Sachsenz Bergwerks GmbH, founded in September 2010 and based in Espenhain, a mining license to explore ore deposits.
Ore veins and ore guidance in the mine field
The pit field of the Türkschachts lies on the southeast edge of the Schneeberger deposit. It is located in a basin that stretches from NW to SE between the Gleesberger granite and the Eibenstock granite. The structure of the Türk flat , which is up to 30 m thick, separates the two granite floors. In the area of the Türkschacht, the granite underlies the predominant phyllite at a depth of approx. - 400 m above sea level . The flat corridors are above all well-trained and economically significant .
The thickness of the veins in the mine field varies greatly. While the Turk flat had a thickness of up to 2 meters, the thickness of the Katharina flat was a maximum of 80 cm. The corridors Victoria Flacher , Gute Hope Flacher , Erica Flacher I and Erica Flacher II driven by the Bismut had a thickness of 5 cm to 40 cm. The filling of the passages consisted mainly of quartz, calcite, anchorite and prehnite. The mineralization consisted of a complex of bismuth, cobalt, nickel and silver ores, but uranium ores also appeared sporadically. Lead luster , zinc blende , pyrites , arsenic and copper ores were also found and mined. As a specialty, silver, pyrargyrite and xanthocone appeared in the corridors. The ores were enriched in the oxidation zone at a depth of 100 to 200 m. Below this zone, the silver content of the veins fell sharply in favor of cobalt and nickel ores. With increasing depth, the veins become impoverished. The Türk area was examined by the Bismut over a length of approx. 2 km and the Katharina area over a length of 1.5 km, while the investigation in the other corridors excavated by the Wismut was between 400 m and 800 m. Nothing is known about the possible depth of the corridors, as mining ends at +300 m above sea level.
Dignified bismuth and bismuth luster have been mined in Schneeberg since around 1470 . Bismuth served in connection with tin and lead as an alloy metal for the letters in letterpress printing and was used in medicine at that time, e.g. B. as wound powder used. With the also abundant bismuth ocher ( bismite ) one could not do anything at this time and it migrated, as well as cobalt and nickel ores, to the dump.
After Peter Weidenhammer helped the production of safflower to break through in 1520 , cobalt became an important mining ore and from 1575 exceeded the value of the silver mined.
It was only with the invention of German silver by the Schneeberg doctor Dr. Ernst August Geitner in 1823 was also interested in the abundant nickel ore.
The uranium ore, which was repeatedly found in the other Schneeberg mines, played no role in the Turkschacht mine field until 1945.
For a long time, mining was only carried out in the area of the structure of the Türk flat , a continuation of the mountain cap flat . The Türk Flache tends, like many Schneeberger corridors, to be rubbed up and crowded. The main run became known under the name Alt Türk Flacher . From 1888 onwards, a lying stretch that had been built on was called Jung Türk Flacher . A hanging strand started in 1887 was named Beschert Glück Spat .
The approached the Northeast crosscut in 1892 Catherine Flat is the continuation of White in the Schneeberger pit Hirsch successfully built Katharina surfaces .
The Türk area was built on several levels from the Türkschacht towards the southeast, over a length of approx. 1000 m. In the same direction from the northeast crosscut, the Katharina Flachen was built over a length of 700 m and over several levels. Towards the northwest, the driveways ended in the Türk Flachen at 560 m from the Türkschacht and in the Katharina Flachen after 100 m from the northeast cross passage.
The open-minded aisles Anton Flacher , Glückauf Flacher , Unnamed Flacher , Hohe Fichte Flache and Schütz Morgengang had no economic significance.
In the depths reached at the end of the 19th century, the corridors were increasingly numb. Even during the exploration of the Türk Flachen and the Katarina Flachen on the Fürstenstollnsohle and the Marx-Semler-Stollnsohle carried out by Sächsz AG between 1933 and 1937 , these veins were found to be only slightly mineralized or deaf. Further advance was discontinued on the basis of the results of the investigation and the resulting lack of prospects of success.
Due to the very rare uranium ores in the mine field, the Türkschacht only came into the focus of Wismut AG in 1948 . In the tunnels built by the bismuth from 1948 to 1957, Gute Hoffnung Flacher , Victoria Flacher , Erika Flacher I and Erika Flacher II , in addition to the complex mineralization from bismuth, cobalt, nickel and silver ores, some good uranium mineralization was also found encountered.
literature
- Traditionsverein Wismut eV (Ed.): Brought to light . Bismuth pals remember. 1997.
- Siegfried Woidtke: The mountain is free . Illustrated book about the Schneeberg-Neustädtler mining industry. tape I . Self-published, Aue 2002, ISBN 3-9806914-4-6 .
- Bernd Lahl : The Markus-Semmler-Stolln and the Schneeberg-Schlemaer Bergbau . Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft Marienberg, Marienberg 2003, ISBN 3-931770-50-8 .
- Anna Neef: 50 years of mountain security in Schneeberg . Ed .: Bergsicherung Schneeberg GmbH. Technical University Bergakadademie, Freiberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-86012-310-2 .
- Calendar for the Saxon mountain and hut man. 1827 to 1851 Royal Mining Academy in Freiberg.
- Yearbook for the mountain and hut man. 1852 to 1872 Royal Mining Academy in Freiberg.
- Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in the Kingdom of Saxony. 1873 to 1917.
- Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony 1918 to 1934.
- Yearbook for mining and metallurgy in Saxony. 1935 to 1938.
- Mike Haustein: Clemens Winkler: Chemistry was his life . 1st edition. German (Harri), Frankfurt am Main 2004, ISBN 3-8171-1728-0 .
- Bergbauverein Schneeberg eV (Ed.): 5th conference proceedings. Schneeberg, July 2007.
- Emser notebooks . 4th year, no. 1 (Jan.-March). Rainer Bode, 1982, ISSN 0721-8443 .
- Ludwig Baumann, Ewald Kuschka, Thomas Seifert: Deposits of the Ore Mountains . Georg Thieme Verlag, 2000, ISBN 3-8274-1222-6 .
- Werner Runge et al: Chronicle of the bismuth . Ed .: Wismut GmbH. Self-published, Chemnitz 1999 (CD).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Yearbook for the mountain and hut man for the year 1853. (PDF; 1.6 MB) The most important new facilities, designs, operating plans, cracks and the like in 1851. (No longer available online.) Königliche Bergakademie zu Freiberg , P. 87 , archived from the original on November 9, 2013 ; Retrieved February 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Liquid jet liquid pump. Retrieved February 1, 2016 .
- ↑ Purchasing power as a measure of the value of money. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on January 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 25, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mining permits granted for silver ore deposits. Morlok: Time for new mountain screams. Saxon State Ministry for Economic Affairs, Labor and Transport, December 21, 2010, accessed on December 28, 2014 .
