TIP report on human trafficking

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Countries according to the TIP report 2019

The report on trafficking in persons or the TIP report ( english : Trafficking in Persons Report) is an annual report of the US State Department to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. It ranks governments based on their perceived efforts to recognize and combat human trafficking.

Rating System

The report divides states and territories into levels based on their compliance with the standards set out in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA ) of 2000. These stages are:

  • Tier 1 countries whose governments fully comply with the minimum standards of the TVPA.
  • Tier 2 countries whose governments do not fully adhere to the minimum standards of a TVPA but are making significant efforts to align themselves with those standards.
  • Countries on the Tier 2 watchlist whose governments do not fully adhere to the TVPA minimum standards but are making significant efforts to align with those standards, and:
    • The absolute number of victims of severe forms of human trafficking is very high or is increasing significantly. or
    • There is no evidence of increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking from the previous year. or
    • The determination that a country should make significant efforts to adhere to minimum standards was based on the country's pledges to take further future steps over the next year.
  • Tier 3 countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and do not make any significant efforts.

There are also some special cases such as Yemen , in which the civil war and the humanitarian crisis make it difficult to obtain information, or Sint Maarten , where the devastation caused by Hurricane Irma made reporting difficult.

Rating by states

country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Afghanistan 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2w 2 2 2w
Egypt 2 2 2 2 2w 2 2 2 2
Albania 2 2 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2
Algeria 3 3 3 3 3 3 2w 2w 2w
Angola 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w
Antigua and Barbuda 2 2 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2
Equatorial Guinea 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Argentina 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
Armenia 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Aruba 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2
Azerbaijan 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Ethiopia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Australia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Bahamas 2w 2w 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Bahrain 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 1 1
Bangladesh 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w
Barbados 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Belgium 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Belize 2 2 2 2w 3 3 3 3 2w
Benin 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2
Bhutan - - 2 2 2 2 2 2w 3
Bolivia 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 2 2 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w
Botswana 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2 2 2
Brazil 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Brunei 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Bulgaria 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2
Burkina Faso 2 2 2 2 2w 2 2w 2 2
Burundi 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3 3 3
Chile 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
China (People's Republic) 2w 2w 3 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3
Costa Rica 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2 2
Curacao 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Denmark 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Germany 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Djibouti 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 2 2
Dominican Republic 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Ecuador 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Ivory Coast - 2 2 2 2 2w 2 2 2
El Salvador 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Eritrea 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Estonia 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
Fiji 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w
Finland 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
France 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Gabon 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 3 2w
Gambia 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3 2w 2w 3
Georgia 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Ghana 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2
Greece 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Guatemala 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2
Guinea 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 2
Guinea-Bissau 3 2w 3 3 3 3 3 2w 2w
Guyana 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 1 1 1
Haiti - 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 2w 2
Honduras 2 2 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2
Hong Kong 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2
Iceland 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
India 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Indonesia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Iran 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Iraq 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w
Ireland 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Israel 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Italy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Jamaica 2 2w 2 2w 2w 2 2 2 2
Japan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
Yemen 3 3 3 3 3
Jordan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Cambodia 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2w
Cameroon 2w 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2
Kazakhstan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Qatar 2w 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2
Kenya 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2
Canada 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Cape Verde - 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2
Kyrgyzstan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w
Kiribati 2w 2 2 2 2 2w 2w
Colombia 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Comoros 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3 3 3
Congo, Democratic Republic 3 3 3 3 2w 2w 3 3 3
Congo, Republic 2w 2w 2 2 2w 2w 3 3 2w
Korea, Democratic People's Republic 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Korea, Republic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Kosovo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Croatia 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Cuba 3 3 3 3 2w 2w 2w 2w 3
Kuwait 3 3 3 3 3 2w 2w 2w 2
Laos 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w
Latvia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Lesotho 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2w
Lebanon 3 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2
Liberia 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w
Libya 3 3 3 3 3
Lithuania 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Luxembourg 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
Macau 2 2w 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2
Madagascar 3 3 2w 2w 2 2 2w 2w 2
Malawi 2 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Malaysia 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 2w 2 2w 2w
Maldives 2w 2w 2w 2 2w 2w 2 2w 2w
Mali 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 2
Malta 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Marshall Islands 2 2 2w 2w 3 3 2w 2 2w
Morocco 2 2 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2
Mauritania 3 2w 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Mauritius 1 1 2 2 2w 2 2 2 2
Mexico 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Micronesia 3 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2
Moldova 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2 2
Mongolia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2
Montenegro 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w
Mozambique 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2
Myanmar 3 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 3 3
Namibia 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2
Nepal 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
New Zealand 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Nicaragua 2 1 1 1 2 2 2w 2w 2w
Netherlands 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Niger 2w 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2
Nigeria 1 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2
North Macedonia 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Norway 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Oman 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2
Austria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
East Timor 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2 2 2
Pakistan 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2
Palau 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Panama 2w 2 2 2w 2 2 2 2 2
Papua New Guinea 3 3 3 3 2w 3 2w 3 3
Paraguay 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Peru 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Philippines 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Poland 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Portugal 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Rwanda 2 2 2w 2w 2 2w 2w 2 2
Romania 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Russia 2w 2w 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Zambia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2 2
Saint Lucia 2 2 2w 2 2 2w 2 2 2
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2
Solomon Islands 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2
Saudi Arabia 3 3 3 3 2w 2w 2w 2w 3
Senegal 2 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2
Serbia 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2 2
Seychelles 2 2w 2w 2 2 2w 2 2w 2
Sierra Leone 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w
Singapore 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Zimbabwe 2w 3 3 3 3 3 2w 2w 2
Sint Maarten - - 2 2 2 1 1 2
Slovakia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Slovenia 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
South Africa 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w
South Sudan - 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3 3 3
Spain 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Sri Lanka 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2w
Sudan 3 3 3 2w 2w 3 3 2w 2w
Suriname 2 2 2w 2w 2w 3 2w 2w 2
Swaziland 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2
Sweden 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Switzerland 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Syria 2w 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Taiwan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Tajikistan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2
Tanzania 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2w
Thailand 2w 2w 2w 3 3 2w 2w 2 2
Togo 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2
Tonga 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2 2 2
Trinidad and Tobago 2 2 2w 2 2w 2w 2 2 2
Czech Republic 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chad 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2 2w 2w 2
Tunisia 2w 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2
Turkey 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Turkmenistan 3 2w 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3 3
Uganda 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Ukraine 2 2 2w 2w 2w 2w 2 2 2
United Arab Emirates 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
United Kingdom 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
United States of America 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hungary 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w 2w 2w
Uruguay 2 2 2w 2w 2 2 2 2 2
Uzbekistan 2w 2w 3 3 2w 3 3 2w 2w
Venezuela 3 2w 2w 3 3 3 3 3 3
Vietnam 2w 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2w
Belarus 2 2w 2w 2w 3 3 3 3 3
Central African Republic 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2w 2w
Cyprus 2w 2 2 2w 2 1 2 1 1

criticism

Some of the critics of the report on human trafficking focus on how its methodology could be improved. For example, a recent paper suggests how the rankings could better take into account trafficking risk factors in order to focus more on prevention . Another critic argues that the report should better incorporate "international rules that states (including the US ) have jointly developed and freely accepted", rather than focusing on criteria established solely by US politicians.

Other critics question their methodology and sources more fundamentally, such as the anthropologist Laura Agustín, who writes that the report “relies on estimates by the CIA , police and embassy regarding situations that are not understood in the same way in all cultures and social classes ".

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Trafficking in Persons Report. Retrieved May 5, 2020 .
  2. ↑ - The Washington Post. Retrieved May 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2011. January 19, 2012, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2012. March 17, 2018, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2013. April 3, 2019, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2014. September 14, 2018, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2015. September 14, 2018, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2016. September 14, 2018, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2017. September 14, 2018, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2018. November 1, 2018, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  11. ↑ 2019 Trafficking in Persons Report. In: United States Department of State. Retrieved May 5, 2020 (American English).
  12. ↑ Laura Agustín: Laura Agustín: Government proposals for sex workers do little to tackle the problem of human trafficking . In: The Guardian . November 19, 2008, ISSN  0261-3077 ( theguardian.com [accessed May 5, 2020]).