Teddy Kollek

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Teddy Kollek (1984)

Teddy Kollek ( Hebrew טדי קולק, originally Theodor ; * May 27, 1911 in Nagyvázsony near Veszprém , Austria-Hungary , today: Hungary ; † January 2, 2007 in Jerusalem ) was an Israeli politician. He was Mayor of Jerusalem from 1965 to 1993 .

Life

Teddy Kollek was born by his Jewish parents Alfred Kollek and Margaret Kollek. Fleischer named after Theodor Herzl because his father was an enthusiastic Zionist . His parents moved to Vienna shortly after he was born . The family lived there from 1918 to 1934 in the third district of Vienna , on Landstraßer Hauptstrasse 147, where there is now a memorial plaque. In 1935, three years before Austria was " annexed " to the German Empire , the family emigrated to Palestine , which at the time was a British mandate . In 1937 Kollek co-founded the kibbutz Ein Gev on the east bank of the Sea of ​​Galilee . In the same year he married Tamar Schwarz, also from Vienna and the daughter of a rabbi , with whom he had two children, a son, the director Amos Kollek (* 1947), and a daughter, the painter Osnat Kollek-Sachs (* 1960).

During the Second World War , Kollek campaigned for Jewish interests in Europe within the Hagana . For the Jewish Agency he sought contact with the US secret service Office of Strategic Services and became an informant in its Dogwood Cereus Circle under the code name Gerbera . After the outbreak of war, he was able to convince Adolf Eichmann to release 3,000 Jewish youths from concentration camps and then brought them to England . Later he was also involved in the Bricha campaign ( escape aid ). Kollek became a supporter of David Ben-Gurion and worked in his governments from 1952 to 1965.

In 1965 Teddy Kollek became Rafi's successor Mordechai Isch Schalom as mayor of Jerusalem as a candidate of the Ben Gurion party and was re-elected in 1969, 1973, 1978, 1983 and 1989. In the 1993 election, at the age of 82, he was defeated by Likud candidate Ehud Olmert . In 1966, Teddy Kollek set up the Jerusalem Foundation , which has been collecting donations for its coexistence activities in Jerusalem for over 40 years. These funds are used in particular in educational, cultural and community projects to promote peaceful coexistence between Jews, Christians and Muslims in the city. After the conquest of East Jerusalem in 1967, Israel had the Moroccan Quarter destroyed in order to gain better access to the Western Wall. Kollek was primarily responsible for clearing the houses.

His 28-year service is generally considered successful. Kollek is credited with making Jerusalem a modern city, and his efforts to bring about a peaceful coexistence of religions have been widely recognized. During this time he also founded the Israel Museum and had the Jerusalem Theater built. Teddy Kollek was an important sponsor of the Austrian Memorial Service .

On January 14, 2002, he received Austrian citizenship after having been made an honorary citizen of Vienna the year before.

Honors

In 1988 Teddy Kollek received the Israel Prize . Other awards include the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade (1985, he donated the prize money to the Jerusalem Foundation ), the Bavarian Order of Merit , the Moses Mendelssohn Prize , the Associate Knight of the Order of St. John award and an honorary doctorate from the Ben-Gurion -University of the Negev in Beer Sheva , Israel . In 2001 he became an honorary citizen of the City of Vienna . In his honor, the Jerusalem Foundation initiated the Teddy Kollek Prize in 1999 , which is awarded to both Israeli and international personalities who have rendered services to Jerusalem.

In memory of Teddy Kollek, the City of Vienna named the future traffic area (previously code no. 12751) in the urban development area Aspanggrund / Eurogate , Teddy-Kollek-Promenade, on October 7, 2008 .

Awards:

criticism

During Kollek's tenure, 160,000 Jewish-Israeli settlers moved to the eastern part of Jerusalem, which is not part of Israel under international law. In 1993 he declared the status of Jerusalem, and thus one of the central points of dispute in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, to be non-negotiable.

In 1997, the Israeli peace activist Uri Avnery criticized the contradiction between Kollek's policy towards the Palestinians and his international reception:

“Jerusalem's ex-mayor Teddy Kollek has received all the prizes in the world. He was the worst settler in the whole country. No one has settled so many Jews on Arab soil as Teddy Kollek. He has expropriated land, kicked Arabs out, put Jewish settlements on top and received peace prizes. Brilliant."

Fonts

  • with Moshe Pearlman : Jerusalem: holy city of mankind. Its history in 4 millennia. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-10-041107-2 .
  • with Amos Kollek: A life for Jerusalem. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-596-11269-9 .
  • with Shulamit Eisner: Jerusalem.
  • with Dov Goldstein: Jerusalem and me. Memoirs. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-596-13864-7
  • Jerusalem (Policy Papers). Published by the Washington Institute for Middle East Politics. Washington, DC 1990.
  • with Moshe Pearlman: Pilgrims to the Holy Land. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1971, ISBN 978-0-297-00130-0 .

literature

  • Christian K. Hauck: Housing in Jerusalem. The era of Teddy Kollek and Meron Benvenisti 1967-1978. LIT, 2004, ISBN 3-8258-7835-X .
  • Stefanie Oswalt: "They had a common mission" (Teddy Kollek and Ari Rath ), in: Zeitschrift Das Jüdische Echo , Vienna 2018/2019, Vol. 67, pp. 67 to 73, revised version of one on April 11, 2018 in Vienna lecture given; published September 2018

Appreciation

In 1999, the Teddy Kollek Award was donated by the Jerusalem Foundation , which honors people who have made a contribution to building a modern and open Jerusalem.

Web links

Commons : Teddy Kollek  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Teddy Kollek  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Siegfried Beer : "Arcel / Cassia / Redbird": The Maier-Messner resistance group and the American war secret service OSS in Bern, Istanbul and Algiers 1943/44 . In: DÖW (Hrsg.): Yearbook 1993: Focus on resistance . 1993, p. 80 .
  2. ^ Joost R. Hiltermann: Teddy Kollek and the Native Question. (No longer available online.) Middle East Research and Information Project, July 8, 1997, archived from the original on December 1, 1998 ; accessed on January 26, 2018 (English).
  3. ^ Teddy Kollek on the memorial service project . In: Tyrolean daily newspaper . January 12, 1993 ( article online on the website of the Austrian Foreign Service ).
  4. ↑ In Memoriam Teddy Kollek. In: ORF . April 11, 2012, accessed January 26, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Jerusalem's ex-mayor becomes an Austrian citizen In: Israelnetz.de , January 14, 2002, accessed on August 13, 2018.
  6. ↑ Teddy Kollek. (PDF; 210 kB) Peace Prize of the German Book Trade, 2006, accessed on January 26, 2018 .
  7. ^ Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Awards. Roosevelt Institute, accessed January 26, 2018 .
  8. ↑ "The legendary mayor of Jerusalem": Teddy Kollek is dead. In: www.israelnetz.com. Retrieved January 26, 2018 .
  9. ^ Ernst Cramer: A builder of Jerusalem. In: welt.de . January 2, 2007, accessed October 7, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Lawrence Joffe: Obituary: Teddy Kollek. In: The Guardian, January 3, 2007, accessed October 17, 2018.
  11. ↑ Tomorrow Uri Avnery will receive the Aachen Peace Prize. In: the daily newspaper of September 1, 1997, accessed on October 17, 2018
  12. ^ The Teddy Kollek Award. (PDF; 3.4 MB) Jerusalem Foundation, 2013, p. 3 , accessed on January 26, 2018 (English).


personal data
SURNAME Kollek, teddy
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kollek, Theodor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli politician
DATE OF BIRTH May 27, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH Nagyvázsony
DATE OF DEATH January 2, 2007
Place of death Jerusalem