Under St. Vitus

Under St. Vitus
coat of arms	map

Unter-St.-Veit is part of the 13th district of Vienna , Hietzing , and one of the 89 Viennese cadastral communities .

Name and spelling

The name of the place goes back to the patronage of the parish church in Ober-St.-Veit , the holy Veit (Vitus).

The orthographically correct spelling with hyphens is the official one of the City of Vienna; the cadastral is in the Ministry of Justice conducted basic book written as a proper name without hyphens. See: spaces in compound words , through coupling

history

A small country church had stood at 48 St.-Veit-Gasse since 1865. 1965–1967 it was replaced by the parish church “To the Transfiguration of Christ” (design: Anton Steflicek).

Until 1867/1870 the area of Unter-St.-Veit belonged to the municipality of St. Veit an der Wien, which later had its center in Ober-St.-Veit . St. Veit suffered under Matthias Corvinus' troops in the 15th century and was devastated during the Turkish sieges of Vienna . The Josephinische Landesaufnahme shows only the field mill in the area of the later Unter-St.-Veit (first mentioned in a document in 1568), in the following years a disordered settlement was started. In 1803, as the landlord, the archbishop had a hundred building plots marked out in the fields and meadows in order to achieve higher income.

The "Neudörfl" was in the area today, named after the Feldmühle Feldmühlgasse and today Hietzinger main street , which until 1894 in this section, "St. Veiter Gasse or Straße ”, in Ober-St.-Veit“ Theresiengasse ”or“ Maria-Theresien-Straße ”and only called“ Hauptstraße ” in Alt-Hietzing , and is the historical core of Unter-St.-Veits .

The settlement was soon named so in order to be able to distinguish it from the center of St. Veit, now Ober-St.-Veit, located uphill or upstream in relation to the Wien River .

In 1849 the landlords in Austria were abolished.

While agriculture dominated in Ober-St.-Veit, with well-known dairy farms , it was mainly traders and craftsmen who settled in Unter-St.-Veit. This meant that the interests of the Upper and Lower St. Veiters were often far apart and there was often a dispute between the two places in the community. Both places were therefore interested in the separation, which was approved by Emperor Franz Joseph I on October 2, 1867 at the request of the Lower Austrian Parliament with the highest resolution .

Border disputes between the two towns over tax-paying businesses required the decision of Interior Minister Carl Giskra on November 1, 1869 to mark the borders between the two communities. After its implementation, the imperial decision was brought to the general knowledge with an announcement by the Imperial and Royal governor in Lower Austria on March 28, 1870 (published on April 12, 1870) .

The Unter-St.-Veiter parish hall, a donation from 1885, was located at Auhofstraße 47 (demolished in 1972; today the sports field of the neighboring elementary school). After twenty years of autonomy, Unter-St.-Veit (like almost all of today's Hietzing) was incorporated into the city of Vienna by Lower Austrian law of December 19, 1890 . The new municipal district office for the 13th district began its work on January 1, 1892 at Wattmanngasse 12 in Alt-Hietzing. Since 1914 it has been in the so-called Amtshaus for the 13th and 14th districts since 1938 (until 1938 the district office was only responsible for the 13th district, which was then also north of the Vienna River). Since October 15, 1938, the district border has been just north of Unter-St.-Veit, as the adjacent Baumgarten became part of the new 14th district in the course of the creation of NS-Greater Vienna . However, the border was set on the Wien River, so that Unterbaumgarten extends a little way into the 13th district.

From 1945 to 1955 Unter-St.-Veit was in the British sector of Vienna .

Limits

North: Hietzinger Kai from the east of Mantlergasse in the west to Fleschgasse in the east, but does not extend to the district border with the 14th district , but to the border with the Baumgarten cadastral community , which is mostly in the 14th district and here over the Vienna River to Hietzing reaches out. In particular, the Unter St. Veit underground station is not in the district of the same name.
East: Fleschgasse – Hietzinger Hauptstraße – Elßlergasse (as the border to Hietzing , also called Alt-Hietzing)
South: Beckgasse (from Elßlergasse westwards) –Mühlbachergasse – Stadlergasse (to the connecting railway ; as the border to the Lainz district )
West: east of Mantlergasse – Hietzinger Hauptstraße – Hummelgasse to Stadlergasse (as the border to the Ober-St.-Veit district )

traffic

Connecting track

The former connection station St. Veit an der Wien at Hietzinger Hauptstrasse (Bossigasse 15)

The first rail means of transport that reached Unter-St.-Veit could hardly achieve any significance for city traffic: It was the connecting line built in 1860 , today south of Hietzinger Hauptstrasse, the fictitious border between Unter- and Ober-St.-Veit. It connects the stations Wien Hütteldorf and Wien Penzing on the Westbahn with the Wien Meidling station on the Südbahn and with the Donauländebahn . The station St. Veit an der Wien (see illustration, the station building has been rented for decades) was located north of St. Veiter Strasse, which later became Hietzinger Hauptstrasse. The express trains that have been running on the route since June 1, 1989 currently have no stop in Unter-St.-Veit, but do have in the Speising district to the south .

The Lainzer tunnel was taken timetable moderately after a long construction period on 9 December 2012 in operation; the previously strong freight traffic on the connecting line has now been relocated to the tunnel, and by December 2015 also the ÖBB long-distance traffic of the Westbahn, which now leads to the new Vienna Central Station .

According to plans published by ÖBB since 2017, an elevated S-Bahn station is planned for the connecting railway at Hietzinger Hauptstraße. The plans for this were not yet binding in 2019.

Stellwagen, steam tramway

The former steam tramway station in Hietzinger Hauptstraße 88 at the intersection with the connecting tram

At that time so-called Stellwagen were used to connect to Vienna (or to today's city center). These were horse-drawn carriages that waited at fixed locations until several passengers were together for the intended destination, and only then drove off. The Hietzing – Ober-St.-Veit line, built in 1887 by the transport company operating as Dampftramway-Gesellschaft (formerly Krauss & Comp. Vienna ) from 1888 , which covered almost the full length of Hietzinger Hauptstrasse, was an enormous step forward; the steam tramway ran every 30 minutes from 7am to 9.30pm. There was a station building in Unter-St.-Veit (see picture). From here in 1901 it took six minutes to drive to Hietzing (from Ober-St.-Veit in 13 minutes).

tram

The company sold the line to the City of Vienna in 1907. In 1908 it was electrified; the new “electric”, line 58, then ran to Ober-St.-Veit until 1914. In order to avoid the constant crossing of the connecting line (then the steam train) by the tram , the line was split in 1914. The 58er drove from the city center to Unter-St.-Veit (as the line numbers are quoted in Vienna), beyond the railway barrier the 158er waited to continue to Ober-St.-Veit.

At the end of the war in 1945, the 158er ran until February 19, the 58er until March 13th. Then operations were stopped here up to and including September 13th. Line 158 last ran on July 27, 1958 and was replaced by a bus line the next day. Line 58 has always had its departure point in the city center at the Burgring ( Babenbergerstraße ). Because of the construction of the underground line U3 under the inner Mariahilfer Straße , the loop had to be relocated to the Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring in the late 1980s . After completion of this section of the U3, the 58 route was shortened on September 4, 1993 to the section Westbahnhof - Unter-St.-Veit Hummelgasse.

Line 58 was discontinued on September 2, 2017. The route from the Hietzing underground station to Unter St. Veit, Hummelgasse has been taken over by line 10 .

Light rail, subway

Eleven years after the steam tramway, the Vienna steam light rail was opened on June 1, 1898 in the section Heiligenstadt - Belt Line - Upper Wiental Line - Hütteldorf-Hacking , which ran directly along the Vienna River. In 1899 the Hauptzollamt station near the city center could be reached on the Lower Wientallinie , and in 1901 the Danube Canal line to Heiligenstadt in the north of Vienna was completed. The travel time from Unter-St.-Veit-Baumgarten to Karlsplatz (direct trains) or to the Westbahnhof (with a change in Meidling Hauptstraße ) was 20 minutes in 1901, and 25 minutes to the main customs office. (Today it is 14 minutes to Karlsplatz or Westbahnhof, 17 minutes to Landstrasse Wien Mitte.)

After several cessation of passenger traffic during the First World War, passenger transport was finally ceased on December 8, 1918 due to a lack of coal.

In 1923 a modest operation was resumed by the Federal Railways , in 1924 the City of Vienna leased the Stadtbahn (except for the suburban line ), electrified it and reopened it on June 3, 1925 under the name Wiener Elektro Stadtbahn . The tram was a complete success with the introduction of a tariff association with the tram on October 20, 1925. The tram was also temporarily suspended at the end of the war in 1945.

On December 20, 1981, the Hietzing – Hütteldorf section was the last of the U4 line to be converted to today's underground service . As early as 1960, the station was only called Unter St. Veit ; Baumgarten, part of the 14th district on the northern bank of the Vienna River, was no longer mentioned, although the station is entirely in the Baumgarten cadastral community.

bridges

The oldest Vienna river bridges on the northern edge of Unter-St.-Veit were two connecting railway bridges opened in 1860, the western one in the curved track to Hütteldorf, the eastern one in the curved track to Penzing, and a wooden bridge built in 1878 as an extension of today's St.-Veit-Gasse to today's Zehetnergasse in Baumgarten.

The Vienna River was regulated from 1895–1903 ; During the same period, the section of the Viennese light rail system running along the southern bank of the river was built. This also required the construction of all bridges. In 1896 the Gulden Bridge to Guldengasse in Baumgarten was built as an extension of Mantlergasse. In 1898, on the occasion of the opening of the Unter-St.-Veit-Baumgarten tram station, the neighboring wooden bridge at St.-Veit-Gasse was replaced by the Baumgarten bridge. In 1900 the two connecting railway bridges between Guldenbrücke and Baumgartenbrücke were replaced by new buildings.

One-way traffic was prescribed for the two road bridges after 1960: the Baumgartenbrücke can be driven in the direction of Hadikgasse or Baumgarten, the Guldenbrücke in the direction of Hietzinger Kai or Unter-St.-Veit.

In 2010, a footbridge for pedestrians and cyclists, the Paul Amann Bridge , was opened to connect Fleschgasse to Astgasse in the 14th district .

Interesting addresses

The home of the popular actor Hans Moser, who died in 1964, at Auhofstrasse 76-78, entrance Hügelgasse 2, is now the embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Josef Plecnik designed the Villa Langer,
Beckgasse 30

“ Klimt Villa ”, Feldmühlgasse 11, garden side, with Klimt's studio on the ground floor

Today a post office, once the villa of a princess: Hietzinger Hauptstrasse 80

The Steiner house of Adolf Loos in St.-Veit-Gasse 10 from 1910 has gone down in the history of modern architecture.

The hill park on Stoesslgasse with the baron's monument erected in 1901 is reminiscent of Carl von Hügel , the important hortologist

When searching for historical addresses, note the following name changes:

Beckgasse: until 1938 Reichgasse, 1938–1947 Gustav-Groß-Gasse
Münichreiterstraße: until 1894 (Unter) St. Veiter Allee, 1894–1938 Bernbrunngasse, 1938–1946 Stuttgarter Straße
Stoesslgasse: 1894–1955 Leopold-Müller-Gasse

All of the following information with the current names of the traffic areas:

Auhofstraße 25 / Fleschgasse / Kremsergasse: formerly the area of the Flesch leather factory and its predecessors, last used 1940–1995 by the Wiesbauer sausage factory , which (as the last industrial company in the 13th district!) Relocated with its 250 jobs to Inzersdorf in the 23rd district; today residential development (Gibs, see below, p. 282)

Auhofstraße 41a: office building, built 1970–1972 with perfect aesthetics (Achleitner, see below, p. 11)

Auhofstrasse 76–78 / Hügelgasse 2: Moser Villa, built in 1900, 1931–1964 home of the popular actor Hans Moser (see illustration), very badly damaged in 1945; today Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan ; Plaque

Auhofstraße 78a, at the corner of Hügelgasse: Villa, built by Carl Witzmann between 1909 and 1911 ( Witzmann's spiritual closeness to Josef Hoffmann , Achleitner, see below, p. 31)

Auhofstraße / Feldmühlgasse: Friedrich-Eymann-Waldorf School with upper secondary school

Beckgasse 30: Villa Langer (see illustration), 1900/1901 by Josef Plecnik decorated with deliberately asymmetrical relief ornamentation on the facade (Gibs, see below, p. 95); this corresponds to the way of thinking of Antoni Gaudí (Achleitner, see below, p. 32)
Elßlergasse 9: Villa, 1922 by Adolf Loos , built in 1984/1985 by Luigi Blue for André Heller rebuilt
Elßlergasse 26: Villa Fritza Reitler, rebuilt and expanded by Adolf Loos in 1922
Feldmühlgasse 11: so-called “ Klimt Villa ” (see illustration), Gustav Klimt's last studio 1911 / 12–1918, “simple single-storey country house with high windows” (Arthur Roessler, quoted from Gibs, see below, p. 77), later extended and decorated, accessible as a Klimt memorial since 2012
Fichtnergasse 15: Gymnasium Fichtnergasse , since 1897, since 1919 also admitted for girls
Hietzinger Hauptstrasse 80 (see picture): today post office 1132 Vienna, early 20th century until the 1930s residence of Princess Elisabeth Marie Auguste of Bavaria , daughter of Archduchess Gisela and granddaughter of Emperor Franz Joseph I , with Otto since 1893 Seefried married on Buttenheim; the old emperor visited his granddaughter here regularly. Otto Seefried was last listed in the 1933 edition of Lehmann's Vienna address book.
Kupelwiesergasse 28: Strasser house, redesigned by Adolf Loos in 1918/1919
Larochegasse 2: see Wenzgasse 5–11
Larochegasse 3: Haus Scheu , built by Adolf Loos in 1912/1913
Larochegasse 31, corner of Münichreiterstraße: Villa Hetzel, built 1908/1909, heritage protection architecture under full steam (Achleitner, see below, p. 49)
Larochegasse 35: Hildegard Burjan's villa (memorial plaque)
Münichreiterstraße 32: Villa Weifert, built by Carl Witzmann in 1911 ( W. was certainly the most important student of Hoffmann , Achleitner, see below, p. 52 at this time )

St.-Veit-Gasse 10: Steiner house (see illustration), designed by Adolf Loos in 1910 ( the house is one of the key buildings of modernism , Achleitner, see below, p. 55)

St.-Veit-Gasse 25: Don-Bosco -Haus, youth and adult education center of the Salesians Don Bosco (SDB), built 1984–1987

St.-Veit-Gasse 48: Unter-St.-Veit parish church (see picture), built 1965–1967 on the site of the former church

Stoesslgasse / Kupelwiesergasse / Fichtnergasse / Larochegasse: Hügelpark , around 8,600 m ² , laid out in 1894, memorial for the hortologist Carl von Hügel , unveiled in 1901 and 1947/1948 (see illustration)

Stoesslgasse 15, on the corner of Kupelwiesergasse: until 1981 the villa of the popular film actor Rudolf Prack

Wenzgasse 5–11: Wenzgasse grammar school , from its founding in 1904 (opening at this location in 1906) to 1976 as a girls' school; oldest component and entrance: Larochegasse 2

Infrastructure

In Unter-St.-Veit there is a functioning local supply in a mixture of branches of large companies and small business structures. Some changes have occurred in the past few decades. In 1995 the only remaining industrial enterprise in the district, a sausage factory (Kremsergasse / Fleschgasse / Auhofstrasse) was relocated to another district. Two grocery stores and two butchers have been replaced by three supermarkets. The only bookstore in the district was closed in 1998. Two typical Viennese inns have been replaced by a Chinese and a Turkish restaurant. Two installers gave up, one is now serving his customers from Tullnerbach in Lower Austria. In 2008 a gym opened and a jewelry store closed. The only tobacco shop in the Grätzl was closed around 2010. In 2013 the only bank branch in Unter-St.-Veit was closed; In autumn 2014 a branch of another bank was opened at the same location. Instead of the previous one, there are now three optician shops. A computer shop, a second travel agency, a specialty shop for medical aids and the like and a tea room have also been added.

Personalities

Johannes Bischko , a doctor, lived at Larochegasse 28. In 2019, Johannes-Bischko-Platz was named nearby .

Hildegard Burjan , social reformer, lived at Larochegasse 35 from 1925–1933 (memorial plaque)

Friedrich Cerha , composer, lives on Kupelwiesergasse

André Heller lived in a villa at Elßlergasse 9 in the eighties and early nineties of the 20th century

Ernst Haeusserman , Burgtheater director, lived for some time at Auhofstrasse 84, in the villa-like management building of the former Bossi factory, before these modern apartment blocks made way for them

Josef Holaubek , police chief, had his last residence at Larochegasse 14

Gustav Klimt , painter (see " Klimt Villa ", Feldmühlgasse 11)

Adolf Loos , architect, designed several Unter-St.-Veiter villas (see: Interesting addresses)

Hans Moser , folk actor (see Auhofstrasse 76-78)

Rudolf Prack , a popular film actor, had his villa at Stoesslgasse 15 next to Hügelpark until his death in 1981

Franz Schalk , opera director, lived at Hügelgasse 10 around 1905–1910

Franz Schmidt , composer, lived at Elßlergasse 26 from 1912 to 1922

Klaus Wildbolz , actor, † 2017, lived in the last years of his life at Hietzinger Hauptstraße 67

Ludwig Wittgenstein lived with the Sjögren family for a short time in the autumn of 1919 at St.-Veit-Gasse 17

Individual evidence

^ City of Vienna: Sankt Veit, Ober Sankt Veit and Unter Sankt Veit
↑ State Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, No. 27/1870 (= p. 85)
^ Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 6, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-218-00741-0 , p. 68, based on documents by Gerhard Klötzl
↑ LGBl. F. Lower Austria. No. 44/1890 (= p. 55 ff.)
^ Zoning and development plan of the City of Vienna
↑ Helga Gibs: Hietzing. Between yesterday and tomorrow . Mohl-Verlag, Vienna 1996. ISBN 3-900-27251-4 , p. 237
↑ Helga Gibs: Hietzing. Between yesterday and tomorrow . Mohl-Verlag, Vienna 1996. ISBN 3-900-27251-4 , p. 235

literature

Friedrich Achleitner : Austrian architecture in the 20th century. A guide in four volumes , Volume III / 2, Vienna: 13. – 18. District , Residenz-Verlag, Salzburg 1995, ISBN 3-7017-0704-9
Felix Czeike (Ed.): Historisches Lexikon Wien , Volume 5, Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-218-00547-7 , p. 393 ff.
Felix Czeike: Viennese district culture guide. XIII. Hietzing , Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-224-10555-0
Helga Gibs: Hietzing. Between yesterday and tomorrow . Mohl-Verlag, Vienna 1996. ISBN 3-900-27251-4
Alfred Horn: 75 years of the Wiener Stadtbahn . Bohmann, Vienna 1974, ISBN 3-700-20415-9
Gebhard Klötzl: About mayors and affairs - The Viennese suburbs of Ober and Unter St. Veit 1848–1891 . Homedia, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-200-04246-9
Walter Krobot, Josef Otto Slezak, Hans Sternhart: Tram in Vienna - the day before yesterday and the day after tomorrow , Verlag Josef Otto Slezak, Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-900-13400-6