Jože Plečnik
Jože Plečnik (sometimes referred to as Josef Plecnik on his buildings in Vienna ; * January 23, 1872 in Laibach / Ljubljana , Austria-Hungary ; † January 7, 1957 , Yugoslavia ) was a Slovenian architect who worked in Vienna , Prague and Ljubljana .
Live and act
Jože Plečnik was the third child of a carpenter in Laibach / Ljubljana. While his brothers were studying, he only attended one class in high school and then worked in the carpentry shop. His father wanted to turn him into a practitioner and did not tolerate an artist in the family. A scholarship enabled him to train as a carpenter at the Graz Trade School from 1888. There he supported Leopold Theyer with drawings for the construction of the Joanneum Park in Graz .
His father died in 1892, but Jože was too young to take over the business, so he went to Vienna and worked there in the JW Müller Hof-Bau-Kunst Tischlerei , where he mainly drew furniture designs.
As a result, he came to the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna , where he became a student of Otto Wagner , who was just starting to teach . But he broke off this course soon after, because he was not up to the tasks of Wagner, and instead entered Wagner's master school, where he became his best pupil.
His main areas of activity were Laibach / Ljubljana, Vienna and Prague . Trips to Rome and Paris had a major impact on his later architectural style.
His most famous buildings were built in Vienna between 1900 and 1913: the Zacherlhaus (1903–1905), a company building in Vienna's inner city (Brandstätte, corner of the farmers' market ) with elegant shapes and decorated with marble and steel pins, as well as the Heilig-Geist-Kirche in Vienna Ottakring (16th district, 1910–1913).
In 1911 he was unanimously proposed as the successor to Otto Wagner by the college of professors . Due to the intervention of Archduke heir to the throne Franz Ferdinand , however, the professorship was filled with Leopold Bauer . However, Plečnik was able to succeed Jan Kotěra at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague.
In 1920, the Czechoslovak President Tomas G. Masaryk appointed him architect of the Prague Castle . Jože Plečnik was thus responsible for redesigning the castle, especially the rooms used by the president himself, where his interventions can still be seen today.
In 1922 he began giving lectures in Ljubljana, but returned regularly to Prague until 1935. In 1925 he began the urban redesign of Ljubljana. From 1936 to 1941 he built the concise building of the national and university library there . The bank development of the Ljubljanica and the Three Bridges ( Tromostovje ) in the city center are his work, as well as the design of the street lighting . 1936-1940 he worked on behalf of the city administration on the first expansion of the central cemetery Žale in the district of Bežigrad , which had become the Ljubljana central cemetery , where he was later buried himself.
His careful renovation and expansion of the church in Bogojina in Prekmurje in north-eastern Slovenia is also known.
Plečnik's long-term residence on the outskirts of Ljubljana is open to the public as a memorial.
Works
photo | Construction year | Surname | Location | description | Metadata |
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1894-1901 |
Wiener Stadtbahn BDA-ID: 19850 |
Location |
From 1894, Jože Plečnik was employed as a draftsman alongside Joseph Maria Olbrich in Otto Wagner's studio . One can only speculate about the extent of his involvement in the drafts. From the Gumpendorfer Straße station, today on the U6, a key role in the design is considered to be assured. |
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1897 |
Side entrance Wienzeilenhaus by Otto Wagner BDA-ID: 22463 |
Vienna 6, Köstlergasse 1 / Linke Wienzeile 38 location |
The side entrance to the building was designed by Plečnik. |
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1897 | Design for the Gutenberg Monument |
Location |
Design The design depicts a globe with figures for the continents surrounded by laurel leaves. Jože Plečnik and Othmar Schimkowitz won first place. A more conservative design by Max Fabiani was implemented . The design by Jože Plečnik is the first draft for a Jugendstil monument in Vienna and is therefore something special. |
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1900-1901 |
Friedensbrücke tram station BDA-ID: 11089 Wikidata |
Vienna 9, Spittelauer Lände 1 location |
In a letter to his brother, Plečnik wrote of this tram station that he designed it himself. |
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1900-1901 |
Roßauer Lände tram station BDA-ID: 11091 Wikidata |
Vienna 9, Rossauer Lände 19 location |
In a letter to his brother, Plečnik wrote of this tram station that he designed it himself. |
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1900-1901 |
Villa Langer BDA-ID: 43193 Wikidata |
Vienna 13, Beckgasse 30 location |
Plečnik was only involved in this building when the floor plan was already fixed. He designed the facade in the style of Belgian Art Nouveau, as he knew it from magazines. |
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1901 |
Villa Loos BDA-ID: 45269 Wikidata |
Melk an der Donau, Lower Austria, Abt-Karl-Straße 16 location |
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1901 | Monument to Josef von Schroll |
třída Soukenická 64, Olivětín , Broumov, Czech Republic (marble base preserved) location |
The monument stands in front of the former administration building of the Benedict Schrolls Sohn company in a group of trees in the parking lot in front of the VEBA Olivětín factory entrance. The base was designed by Plečnik, the bust by Othmar Schimkowitz . The original bust was destroyed and replaced by a bust of Edvard Beneš . Meanwhile, a replica of the original is back on the base. |
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1902 |
Villa Weidmann BDA-ID: 75687 Wikidata |
Vienna 13, Hietzinger Hauptstrasse 6 location |
A return to baroque forms can be seen in this building. The interior was also designed by Plečnik. 1921 Renovation by Rudolf Goebel. “Too many putti,” said Otto Wagner. |
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1901-1902 | Rental house Langer BDA-ID: 6445 |
Vienna 5, Steggasse 1 / Hamburgerstraße 16 (formerly Wiengasse) location |
With this building, Plečnik returned to the idea of the corrugated stucco as he had used it in Beckgasse. The balconies over the corners originally had a floor made of glass. |
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1903-1905 |
Zacherlhaus BDA-ID: 40914 Wikidata |
Vienna 1, Wildpretmarkt 2–4 / Bauernmarkt 4 location |
Jože Plečnik
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1906 | Tomb of Heinrich Peham von Bojernberg |
Vienna 19, Döblinger Friedhof , group 27, grave lamp location |
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1906-1909 |
Karl Borromeo Fountain BDA-ID: 7869 Wikidata |
Vienna 3, Karl-Borromäus-Platz location |
Sculpture by Josef Engelhart , stone masonry by Eduard Hauser |
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1907 |
Child protection station |
Vienna 18, Lacknergasse 98 location |
Here Plečnik again used more playful forms, as the building was used for children. |
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1908 |
Villa Graßberger BDA-ID: 52286 Wikidata |
Vienna 17, Braungasse 41 location |
Annotation: an additional storey in 1950, the facade changed |
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1910-1913 |
Holy Spirit Church Vienna BDA-ID: 52149 Wikidata |
Vienna 16, Herbststrasse 82 location |
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1915 |
Carmelite Church of the Holy Family BDA-ID: 52528 Wikidata |
Vienna 19, Silbergasse 35 location |
It is the family chapel of the Zacherl family |
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1919 | Extensions to St. Bartholomew's Church, Ljubljana |
Ljubljana location |
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1923-1927 | Interior work on the President's premises in Prague Castle |
Prague Castle, Praha, CZ location |
For the renewal of the Czech people and as a result of the first democratic election, Plečnik rebuilt large parts of Prague Castle. Including vestibule (1923–1924), impluvium (1923–1924), salon with embroidery (1924–1927), large salon (1925–1927). |
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1923-1925 | The Paradise Garden by Prague Castle |
Location |
Paradise garden, granite bowl |
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1924-1928 | Third courtyard and obelisk in Prague Castle |
Location |
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1925 |
Bežigrad Stadium Wikidata |
Dunajska cesta 73, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
Jože Plečnik
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1925-1927 | Reconstruction of the Chamber for Commerce, Crafts and Industry, Constitutional Court |
Beethovnova ulica 10, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
In particular, the staircase was extensively changed. |
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1925-1927 | Expansion of the Church of the Ascension |
Bogojina, Slovenia location |
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1925-1927 | Francis Church |
Verovškova ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1925-1927 | Viewing platform in Prague Castle, small belvedere |
Location |
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1926 | Flagpoles in front of the Matthias Gate of Prague Castle |
Location |
Flagpoles at the main entrance |
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1926 | Memorial to the war victims |
Lany (Lana), Czech Republic location |
Note: Coordinates inaccurate |
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around 1926 | Prague Castle ramparts |
Prague Castle / Hradschin Praha, CZ location |
Viewing terrace, pyramid, pergola with granite table, granite beams in front of the Slavata monument |
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1926-1928 | Congress place |
Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1927 | Pyramid in Zoisstrasse |
Zoisova Cesta, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1927-1928 | Fountain in Prague Castle |
Location |
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1927-1931 | Stairway in Prague Castle to the Garden of Paradise, bull stairs |
Location |
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around 1928 |
Sacred Heart Church in Prague Wikidata |
Prague / Praha, CZ location |
Jože Plečnik
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1928-1930 | Insurance company Vzajemna |
Miklošičeva cesta 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
Now Triglav insurance company |
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1928-1930 | Plečnik Hall, Column Hall |
Prague Castle, Praha, CZ location |
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1929 | Monument to the French Revolution and the Illyrian Provinces |
Trg francoske revolucije, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
Sculptor: Lojze Dolinar |
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1929-1930 | Lány Castle fountain |
Lany Castle, Prague / Praha, CZ location |
Note: coordinates are approximate |
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1929-1932 | Antonius Church |
Bregalnička 14, Beograd Belgrade, Serbia Location |
The church represents the beginning of studies on the central sacred building of Plečnik. |
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1929-1942 | Buildings on Vegova ulica |
Vegova Ulica, Ljubljana location |
Note: A staircase-like structure with personality monuments |
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1930 |
Plečnik's house with winter garden Wikidata |
Karunova ulica 4, Trnovo, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
Plečnik planned to live in this building with his brother and sister. Today there is a museum here. |
Jože Plečnik
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1930-1931 |
Three bridges Wikidata |
Adamič-Lundrovo nabrežje 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
Jože Plečnik
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after 1930 | Roman wall |
Location |
The wall was originally supposed to be torn down. On the advice of Plecnik, only the height was reduced and a pyramid was built as a passage at the original height of 6 m. |
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1930-1932 | Staircases in Prague Castle, bastion garden |
Location |
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1930-1935 | Construction on the Ljubljanica |
Trnovski Pristan location |
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1931 | promenade |
Tivoli Park, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1931 | Bridge over the Trnovo |
Karunova ulica 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia, in front of the Tirnau parish church location |
One of the few bridges on which trees grow. |
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1931-1932 | Schuster Bridge |
Šuštarski most, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
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1931-1933 | Villa Prelovsek |
Zarnikova Ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1933 | Antonín Švehla's grave |
Location |
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1933 | Alpine Club House Kamniška Bistrica |
Kamniška Bistrica 7 location |
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1933-1934 | Iron House, Peglezen |
Poljanska cesta 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1934 | Tobacco kiosk at the three bridges |
Stritarjeva ulica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1934 | Church of Mary of Lourdes |
Vrbanićeva ul. 35, Zagreb, Croatia location |
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1934 | Presidential residence at Prague Castle |
Location |
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1934 | Virgin Mary statue Bled, Slovenia |
Župnijska cerkev sv. Martina, Bled, Slovenia location |
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1936 | Villa Epos, Bled, Slovenia |
Cesta Gorenjskega odreda 1, Bled, Slovenia Location |
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1936-1941 |
National and University Library of Slovenia |
Turjaška ulica 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
The black marble staircase deserves a special mention |
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1937-1938 | Michael church and presbytery (1940) in Barje, Cerkev Sv. Mihaela na barju |
Črna Vas (Laibacher Moor), Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
He built this church for his nephew, who became a priest there. |
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1937-1938 | Navje cemetery |
Vilharjeva cesta 21, Ljubljana, Slovenia |
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1938 | Marian column |
St. Jakob Square, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1938-1941 | Baraga Seminar, Ljubljana University of Applied Sciences |
Vilharjeva cesta 11,13,15 Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
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1938-1939 |
Central cemetery |
Zale, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
In this cemetery there is also the Johanneskapelle and the double chapel of St. James and Mary |
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1939 | Jožamurka |
Begunje na Gorenjskem 55a, Slovenia Location |
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1940-1942 | Market halls on the Ljubljanica |
Adamič-Lundrovo nabrežje 3, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
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1940-1944 | Lock on the Ljubljanica river |
Most Ljubljanica, Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
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1941-1942 | Florist at the beginning of the market halls |
Adamič-Lundrovo nabrežje 1, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
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after 1945 | War memorial, Ljubljana |
Location |
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Designed in 1947 | Slovenian Parliament |
Ljubljana, Slovenia location |
Design The over 100 meter high building was to be integrated into the Ljubljana Castle and thus become an act of modernization, as it previously took place in Prague Castle. The design was never realized, but is shown on the reverse of the Slovenian 10-cent coin. |
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1947 | Villa Bled and Belvedere |
Location |
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after 1948 | Prešernovo gledališče |
Kranj, Slovenia location |
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1948-1958 | Parish Church of the Visitation of Mary, Ponikve, Slovenia |
Location |
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1952 | Križanke open-air theater |
Trg francoske revolucije 1/2 Gosposka ulica 18, Ljubljana, Slovenia Location |
The open-air theater was created from the conversion of the former German monastery |
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1952-1959 | Well and stairs, Kranj |
at Vodopivčeva ulica 5, Kranj, Slovenia location |
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1956 | pavilion |
Tito-Villa, Brioni-Pula / Brijuni, Croatia Location |
Note: coordinates are approximate |
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Bežek villa |
Koroška cesta, 27, Kranj location |
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Vipava / Vipacco / Wippach war memorial |
Glavni trg, Vipava, Slovenia location |
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Ljudska posojilnica Celje |
Vodnikova ulica 2, Celje, Slovenia location |
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Awards
- Honorary member of the Masarykova Akademie práce (Masaryk Academy of Labor), 1925.
- Castle architect (appointed by President Masaryk), 1926.
- Member of the Akademija znanosti i umetnosti ( Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts ), Ljubljana, 1938
- Honorary citizen of the city of Ljubljana, 1939.
- Yugoslav State Order, 1949.
- Honorary doctorate from the Vienna University of Technology , 1952
- Honorary doctorate from the Ljubljana University of Technology, 1952.
- Corresponding member of the Royal Institute of British Architects , 1954.
Appreciation
Jože Plečnik's unrealized design for a parliament building in Ljubljana is shown on the national side of the Slovenian 10-cent coin . The 500 tolar note of the Slovenian currency valid from 1991 to 2007 also shows a portrait of Jože Plečnik.
On October 8, 1987 in Vienna Donaustadt (22nd district) the Plecnikweg was named after him.
literature
in alphabetical order
- Zdeněk Lukeš, Jiři Podrazil (photos), Ester Havlová, Damjan Prelovšek, Oldřich Janota (editor): Jože Plečnik: Guide to Buildings in the Czech Republic . Illustrated book. Foibos, Praha 2012, ISBN 978-80-87073-43-8 .
- Zdeněk Lukeš, Jiři Podrazil (photos), Ester Havlová, Damjan Prelovšek, Oldřich Janota (editor): Jože Plečnik: průvodce po stavbách v České republice . Illustrated book. Foibos, Praha 2012, ISBN 978-80-87073-41-4 (Czech).
- Damjan Prelovšek: Josef Plečnik, 1872–1957: Architectura perennis . Residence, Salzburg / Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-7017-0779-0 .
- Damjan Prelovšek: Josef Plečnik, Viennese works from 1896 to 1914 . Edition Tusch, Vienna 1979, ISBN 3-85063-000-5 .
- Adolph Stiller: Josef Plečnik - architect in Vienna, Prague and Ljubljana (= architecture in the Ringturm . Volume 12 ). Pustet, Salzburg / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-7025-0542-3 (on the occasion of the exhibition of the same name in the exhibition center of Wiener Städtische Allgemeine Versicherung in Vienna ).
- Tomáš Valena: The Architectural Garden of the Twenties: Plečnik's Gardens on the Hradschin . In: Die Gartenkunst 3 (1/1991), pp. 49–68.
Web links
- Literature by and about Jože Plečnik in the catalog of the German National Library
- Jože Plečnik. In: arch INFORM .
- nextroom architecture database - discussion of some examples from Plečnik's work
- Slovenia's national architect ( Memento from April 19, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) on Wiener Zeitung from May 12, 2000, accessed on November 3, 2008
- Josef Plecnik. In: Architects Lexicon Vienna 1770–1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.
Individual evidence
- ^ The grave of Jože Plečnik. In: knerger.de. Klaus Nerger, accessed on October 31, 2018 .
- ↑ http://uifs1.zrc-sazu.si/files/AHAS_18_2_PRELOVSEK.pdf
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: archive link )
- ↑ https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bamberg/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/294/file/2DissCimprBildAe.pdf
- ↑ http://www.javicarrera.eu/files/Plecnik%20SI%20EN.pdf
- ↑ Plecnikweg in Vienna History Wiki of the city of Vienna
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Plečnik, Jože |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Plecnik, Josef |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Yugoslav architect |
DATE OF BIRTH | January 23, 1872 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Ljubljana |
DATE OF DEATH | January 7, 1957 |
Place of death | Ljubljana |