Bucharest articulated railcar

V2A, V2B, V3A and V3B
Multiple unit V3A-93 343 on line 34 in Bucharest with the new STB logo, September 16, 2018.
Number:	587 railcars
Manufacturer:	Uzina de Reparaţii Atelierele Centrale (URAC)
Year of construction (s):	Prototype standard gauge (V3A): 1971 Standard gauge series (V3A): 1972–1990 Standard gauge series, bidirectional construction (V3B): 1984–1985 Standard gauge series (V2A): 1982–1989 Standard gauge series, two-way construction (V2B): 1986 Meter gauge prototype: 1992 standard gauge, modernized (V3A-93 and V3B-93): 1993–2011 standard gauge, modernized (V3A-10): 2006 – today
Retirement:	V3A and V3B: 1995–2007 V2A and V2B: 2004–2010 V3A-93: 2016 – today
Axis formula :	B'2'2'B '
Gauge :	1,435 mm (586 copies) 1,000 mm (one copy)
Length:	27 180 mm
Height:	4200 mm (with lowered pantograph)
Width:	2390 mm
Empty mass:	35 t
Service mass:	55 t
Top speed:	55 km / h
Continuous output :	240 kW
Acceleration:	0.8 m / s2
Motor type:	TE 022 H
Power system :	Direct current 750 V DC
Power transmission:	Overhead line
Number of traction motors:	2
Seats:	34
Standing room:	249

As Bucharest Gelenktriebwagen a total of 587 cars comprehensive type family is Romanian tram - railcars in joint design and Jacob bogies referred. In detail, there are four different basic types:

• V2A: 66 two-part, six-axle articulated cars in facility construction
• V2B: seven two-part, six-axle articulated wagons in a bidirectional design
• V3A: 514 three-part, eight-axle double articulated trolleys in one-way design
• V3B: 15 three-part, eight-axle double articulated wagons in two-way design - created in 1984/85 through conversion from V3A

history

The vehicles were built from 1971 (V3A prototype), 1972 (V3A series car), 1984 (V3B), 1981 (V2A) and 1986 (V2B) in the main workshop of the Bucharest tram , Romanian Atelierele Centrale . Due to Decree 132/1973, the transport company Întreprinderea de Transport Bucureşti ( ITB ), which is now called Societatea de Transport Bucureşti ( STB ), had to separate the vehicle production from the transport operations in the course of 1973. The tram factory was henceforth called Uzinei de Reparaţii Atelierele Centrale , or URAC for short

The V3A is based on an eight-axle demonstration car imported from Germany by Linke-Hofmann-Busch (LHB) in 1969 , corresponding to the so-called series 69 of the Braunschweig tram . Their cars 13-18 (from 1974: 6951-6956) were, however, six-axle vehicles and had pantographs instead of single-arm pantographs . It was originally intended that the ITB 100 eight-axle vehicle should be procured as a kit from LHB and then assembled on site under license . The prototype should serve as a demonstration model in advance. Ultimately, however, after six months the Romanian side began to reproduce the car as a pirated copy , whereupon LHB wanted the demonstration car back. The ITB then at least acquired the prototype that had been borrowed. It was added to the inventory under the company number 3501 and was in use until 1991.

In the course of the copy, the LHB construction was partially revised, for example with the third door moved from the end car to the middle car, the abandonment of the curves in the front and roof area typical of the original car, and a completely modified line and destination display. Ultimately, the weight increased from twelve tons for the demonstration car, which had a special feature of body parts made of glass fiber reinforced plastic in the front and rear, to 25 tons for the series cars. Among other things, this is attributed to a superficial translation of the technical documentation . The bogies for the V3A were supplied by the Bucharest vehicle construction company Intreprinderea de Reparaţii Auto Griviţa (IRA Griviţa). This firmierte time, under the name Centralei Industriale de reparatii car (CIRA) and also produced the largely identical bogies for the large-capacity trams of type Timis 2 .

Up until 1982, Bucharest articulated cars were only produced for the capital itself. However, after the import of Czechoslovak Tatra trams ended abruptly in 1981 due to a lack of foreign currency and import restrictions, the Timiș-2 manufacturer Electrometal Timișoara was no longer able to cover the vehicle requirements of the provincial companies on its own. Therefore, URAC stepped in and from 1984 produced almost exclusively for other cities:

inner space

city	number	Years of construction	Numbers
Bucharest	362 V3A 042 V2A 7 V2B 00	1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1986 1987 1990	001 (V3A prototype) 002–006 (V3A) 007–016 (V3A) 017–037 (V3A) 038–089 (V3A) 090–143 (V3A) 144–201 (V3A) 202–253 (V3A) 254– 293 (V3A) 294–337 (V3A) 338–351 (V3A), 4001 (V2A) 4002–4036 (V2A) 352 (V3A), 4037–4044 (V2B), 4045–4048 (V2A) 353–361 (V3A ), 4049 (V2A) 362 (V3A)
Constanța	075 V3A	1984 1985 1986 1987 1990	101-110 111-140 141 142-170 171-175
Ploieşti	029 V3A	1987 1988 0	7001–7005, 7007–7008, 7010, 7013–7014, 7018–7019 7023–7024, 7028–7037, 7041–7042, 7045, 7047–7048 Note: the gaps in the numbers were caused by Timiș 2 delivered in parallel
Brașov	016 V3A 4 V2A 00	1987 1988 1989	1–8 (V3A) 9–12 (V2A), 13–16 (V3A) 17–20 (V3A)
Cluj-Napoca	006 V3A 016 V2A	1987 1988	101-106 107-122
Oradea	003 V2A 6 V3A 00	1988 1989 1990	20–21 (V2A) 22 (V2A), 23–27 (V3A) 28 (V3A)
Brăila	010 V3A	1988-1989	80–89, cars 80 and 81 renumbered 90 and 91 in 1990
Botoșani	010 V3A	1990	1-10
Iași	001 V2A	1992	350

With the exception of the last car delivered for the Iași meter-gauge tram, all of the cars were standard-gauge ex works . However, Iași received a further 24 cars used in 1993. Including all V2A from Cluj-Napoca - i.e. 16 pieces - as well as the entire inventory from Oradea, i.e. eight of the former nine cars after the ninth was burned out in Oradea. His six V3A gave Cluj-Napoca - also in 1993 - to Botoșani, where they received the new numbers 11-16. From 1993 onwards, both Cluj-Napoca and Oradea managed without any Bucharest articulated wagons.

The vehicles used were acquired by the company until 1997 in Iasi SC Nicolina SA according umgespurt and queued in the stock in paragraphs 351-374. The V3A from Oradea underneath had previously been shortened to two parts.

The Bucharest articulated wagons were therefore very common in Romania earlier, only in Arad , Craiova , Galați , Hermannstadt , Reșița and Timișoara they were never to be found. Mainly the Timiș-2 trains produced in national competition were delivered there. In Botoșani, Braşov and Constanţa, the entire fleet of articulated vehicles consisted of Bucharest for a number of years.

As a result of the Romanian revolution of 1989 and the associated economic upheaval, the production of Bucharest articulated trolleys ended in 1992. From the mid-1990s onwards, they were finally replaced in almost all operations by used trams from Western Europe, so that many of the vehicles only had a comparatively short service life. Only in Bucharest itself are they still to be found in larger numbers in 2017. Most of the cars in the capital were modernized - sometimes very extensively. This work was carried out by the companies FAUR or Electroputere or in their own main workshop. Occasionally they also received low-floor middle sections.

• 

  A Bucharest V3A in its original design, 1986

• 

  Modernized V3A electroputere in Bucharest

• 

  Modernized V3A-93 in Bucharest

• 

  Modernized V3A FAUR in Bucharest with the old RATB logo, September 15, 2012.

• 

  Modernized V3B (ex-V2B) with subsequently added middle section in Bucharest

• 

  V3A-93 with original paint, 1996

• 

  A V3A in Ploieşti, 1994

• 

  A V2A in Braşov, 1994

• 

  Retired V2B number 4042 in 2017

literature

• Hans Lehnhart, Claude Jeanmarie: Tram Companies in Eastern Europe II . Verlag Eisenbahn, Villingen 1977, ISBN 3-85649-032-9 .
• A. Günther, S. Tarkhov, C. Blank: Tram atlas Romania 2004 . Working group Blickpunkt Straßenbahn e. V., Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-926524-23-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Uzinei de Reparaţii Atelierele Centrale on www.ratb.ro
2. ↑ ^{a b} Tramvaiul no. 630 - furăciune de la nemţi , article from August 3, 2009 on jurnalul.ro, accessed November 24, 2015
3. ↑ Romániai építésű vasvázas motorkocsik állományi adatai on eminescu.rdsor.ro ( Memento of the original from September 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.