Winnetou's heirs
Winnetous Erben is the title used today by Karl May Verlag for the original Winnetou. 4th volume (short: Winnetou IV ) called Karl May's last completed novel. This was also the last volume of the "Collected Travel Stories". In this novel, the writer processed the impressions of his trip to America in 1908.
History of origin
The novel appeared in 1909/1910 in the entertainment supplement "Lueginsland" of the Augsburger Postzeitung . At the same time the manuscript was set in the Krais printing house in Stuttgart. May has continuously checked the printing of the book edition because he requested an exact implementation of the manuscript text for this particular work. Seventeen years after the completion of the original Winnetou trilogy, this fourth part was published and at the same time was a kind of conclusion to the entire adventure of Old Shatterhand in North America. Karl-May-Verlag changed the title in 1914 because the original made readers expect an adventure story in the old style of the author.
content
Old Shatterhand, who is now over 60, receives several letters at home in his villa in Radebeul , including from his sons Old Surehands and Apanatschkas . In them he is informed about the upcoming construction of a Winnetou monument and invited to do so. In order to take a look at the matter and, if necessary, to prevent it, he sets out with his second wife, Klara, the "Herzle".
On their journey through the hardly “wild” West (the “Herzle” can sleep in a tent they have brought with them) they are accompanied by a good friend and former Westerner Max “Maksch” Pappermann. On the way they meet the “Young Eagle” and Santer's two sons , who visited him in Germany at the beginning of the novel. Old Shatterhand finds Winnetou's actual will by digging deeper into the hole he dug in Winnetou III and where he found the "treasure map" that was eventually destroyed by Santer.
Furthermore, Old Shatterhand reconciles with many of his old enemies (e.g. Tatellah Satah). All in all, the novel is much more romanticized than its predecessor. The focus is on the motif "Peace and Reconciliation". There is talk of a "Clan Winnetou" whose members bear the name of one of them to be protected under a twelve-pointed yellow star on their chest. The story of the origins of this clan also speaks of Marah Durimeh , an old, Catholic and rather mysterious queen who actually only appears in Karl May 's stories about the Orient .
Text editing
A team of in-house authors from Karl May Verlag, led by the publisher's co- founder Euchar Albrecht Schmid and Franz Kandolf , worked on a redesign of the text by 1935. In addition to smoothing out styles, they intervened heavily in the symbolism of the work out of ignorance . Max Pappermann, later deciphered by May research as May's alter ego , was transformed into the "Wrong Toasts", Dick Hammerdull and Pitt Holbers . They also answered a few unanswered questions, such as Aunt Droll and Sam Hawkens' death . It was not until 1960 that the original text was restored by Hans Wollschläger in a reworking process . The changes of Otto Eicke within the meaning of National Socialist ideology were likewise eliminated.
evaluation
“In Winnetou IV it seems a bit as if men have to go the long, arduous path of human history alone . The women - personifications of the goodness that they are - seem to have somehow long since arrived on the right path of noble humanity when they have left it than ever. The female principle is always just there and waits for the male principle to finally finish its ' adolescent wrong ways'. Finally, in Winnetou IV we encounter many types of masculinity : the aged Patriarch Tangua and the other tyrannical senior chiefs; the (ex) heroes and successful entrepreneurs Old Surehand and Apanatschka who have drifted into the capitalist system ; her misguided artist sons who cling to a simplified, pseudo-heroic ideal of masculinity; the effeminate half- Sioux, corrupted by the whites, with the eloquent name 'girl'; the arrogant academics who want to erect a false monument to Winnetou; the two sons of the murderer Santer , who carry with them the deadly paternal inheritance of greed; and the 'new', purified men from the old medicine man Tatellah-Satah to Old Shatterhand to Young Eagle, who no longer fights with weapons but with knowledge. In contrast to this 'male multitude' , if you look closely, there is actually only one type of woman in Winnetou IV : whether Kolma Puschi , Kakho-Oto, mother and daughter Aschta or even Shatterhand's heart - they are all reincarnations of Nscho -chi , 'who was always merciful '. The individual female figures have only progressed to different degrees on the way to becoming a noble woman, but they all embody the loving kindness.
This feminine constancy is most vividly symbolized by the mother-daughter pair of the two Ashtas. The younger 'goodness' not only bears the same name as her mother, but she is her exact image, both externally and in character. She even commits exactly the same (sacred) acts as the mother, as if time were repeated over and over again in her figure in a mythical cycle. The 'eternally feminine' as it manifests itself in the Ashtas is eternally the same and eternally good. All male efforts to purify, on the other hand, must first lead to the 'perfect new man' before utopia can take shape. This new man is Young Eagle, the pupil of the medicine men Tatellah-Satah and Wakon (father of the younger Ashta), the relative of Winnetou and travel companion of Old Shatterhand. His love affair with Ashta, the daughter, symbolizes his perfection through the union with the female principle and at the same time the true beginning of utopia. "
Work edition
- Karl May: Winnetou's heirs. Volume 33, Collected Travel Stories, Karl-May-Verlag, Bamberg 1960.
literature
- Siegfried Augustin : The early employees of the Karl May publishing house. In: Lothar and Bernhard Schmid (eds.): The polished diamond. Karl May's Collected Works. Karl-May-Verlag, Bamberg / Radebeul 2003, ISBN 3-7802-0160-7 , pp. 307-340.
- Wolfgang Hermesmeier, Stefan Schmatz : Development and expansion of the collected works. A success story for 100 years , in: The polished diamond , Karl-May-Verlag, Bamberg / Radebeul 2003, ISBN 3-7802-0160-7 , pp. 341–486, especially pp. 390 f.
- Peter Hofmann : The dispute over the true picture. Karl May's “Winnetou IV” as an idolatry discourse , in: Jb-KMG 2017, pp. 249–278.
- Christoph F. Lorenz: From the jewel island to Mount Winnetou. Notes on three text edits . In: Der schliffene Diamant , Karl-May-Verlag Bamberg / Radebeul 2003, pp. 209–262, esp. Pp. 240 ff.
- Katharina Maier: Winnetou's heiresses , in: dies .: Nscho-chi and her sisters. Female figures in the work of Karl May , Bamberg / Radebeul: Karl-May-Verlag 2012, pp. 194–204.
- Hartmut Vollmer: Marah Durimeh or The Return to the “Great Mother” , in: Heinz Ludwig Arnold (Ed.): Karl May , Munich: edition text + kritik 1987, pp. 158–190, esp. P. 186.
- Hermann Wohlgschaft : The "greatest power on earth". The 'eternally feminine' in Karl May's late works , in: Jb-KMG 2006, pp. 267–307 ( online version ).
- Dieter Sudhoff : Karl May's "Winnetou IV". Studies on the topic and structure . Ubstadt: Karolus (materials on Karl May research 6) 1981. ( online version )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Hermesmeier, Stefan Schmatz: Origin and expansion of the collected works ... , 2003, p. 390 f.
- ↑ Hartmut Vollmer, Marah Durimeh ... , 1987, p. 186.
- ↑ Christoph F. Lorenz: From the jewel island to Mount Winnetou ... , 2003, pp. 240-259.
- ^ Siegfried Augustin: The early employees of the Karl-May-Verlag ... , 2003, p. 332.
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Young_Surehand ; http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Young_Apanatschka
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Antonius_Paper
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Mount_Winnetou
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Hariman_Enters ; http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Sebulon_Enters
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Tatellah-Satah
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Junger_Adler
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Kakho-oto
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Aschta_die_Ältere
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Aschta_die_Jüngere
- ↑ http://www.karl-may-wiki.de/index.php/Wakon
- ↑ Katharina Maier: Winnetous Erbinnen ... , 2012, p. 199.