Colliery Martha

Colliery Martha
	General information about the mine
	former machine house, 2013
Funding / year	approx. 200,000 t
	Information about the mining company
Employees	about 115
Start of operation	1832
End of operation	1861
Successor use	Association with the Nachtigall colliery
	Funded raw materials
Degradation of	Hard coal
	Geographical location
Coordinates	51 ° 25 ′ 29.6 " N , 7 ° 18 ′ 31" E Coordinates: 51 ° 25 ′ 29.6 " N , 7 ° 18 ′ 31" E
	Location Martha colliery
Location	Bommern
local community	Witten
District ( NUTS3 )	Ennepe-Ruhr district
country	State of North Rhine-Westphalia
Country	Germany
District	Ruhr area

p0p2

former Steigerhaus

The Martha colliery was a hard coal mine in Bommern . The mine field of the mine was to the west of the northern exit of the Muttental . The Martha colliery belonged to the Hardenstein jury area of the Märkisches Bergamts district. Today the former mine is part of the Muttental mining trail .

history

The beginnings

The history of the Martha colliery began in 1782 with the prospect of coal deposits. At this point in time, the coal reserves above the valley floor had already been depleted to a considerable extent . The mine was then in operation between the Muttental and the later Ruhr Valley Railway . That same year the mine was listed on the Niemeyer's map . In 1794, the mining permit, the so-called loan amount , was granted. From 1796 the mine was idle for several years. In the first half of the 19th century there were border disputes with the trades of the Nachtigall colliery . On 23 October 1837 an was Langenfeld to members of the families Küper, Supreme Frielinghaus and Berger awarded . At this point in time, the Geitling seam above the bottom of the tunnel had already been mined. For this reason, the tradesmen had Martha look for the coal bank on today's Herbeder Strasse, west of today's Kesper economy. During the prospecting work there were problems with inflowing groundwater . The inflow of water was so strong that the workers could hardly pump the water out with hand pumps .

Transition to civil engineering

In 1832 the sinking work for the Brassert shaft began. The shaft was sunk to take several tons. At the same time, the shaft was equipped with the combined shaft house and machine building that has been preserved to this day . In July 1846 the mine was put back into operation. The purpose of this commissioning was the transition to civil engineering . Work began in the same year so that mining could also be carried out below the Ruhr water level. In the area where the Muttenbach flows into the Ruhr Valley, a cross-cutting tunnel was set up. In addition, the Brassert shaft was sunk further. The shaft had previously been deferred due to water ingress and should now be used as an artificial shaft. After the cross-cutting tunnel had been driven about 60 meters , old pits were found . After the seam was encountered, a reel chamber was set up at this point. In the seam, the Brassert shaft continued to be sunk in several tons.

The further operation

The dismantling began in 1847. In January 1848 the Brassert shaft reached a depth of 90 meters. The mined coal was conveyed up on a track using a hand reel . They were then conveyed for days through the tunnel . From there they were transported over a track through the Ruhrwiesen to the coal defeat at the Hardenstein castle ruins . In the same year the mine was closed due to a lack of sales. In January 1851 the mine was put back into operation. In that year, the Brassert shaft was also put back into operation. A chopping was carried out from the underground reel chamber , which penetrated after days . A boiler house with a 25 meter high chimney was built above ground. A steam engine was installed, which was to be used for dewatering and as a hoisting machine . The machine had a net output of 20.8 hp and made 18 strokes per minute. The machine was put into operation in November of the same year. In addition, an underground connection to the Counterlage mine was created. Subsequently, parts of Martha's mining operations were conveyed via the abutment tunnel. In 1852 the Brassert shaft reached a shallow depth of 170 laughs .

In 1853 a shallow depth of 240 pools was reached. Acceptable coal production was achieved through the fixture work . In the same year a prayer house and a forge were built near the tunnel mouth holes . In the smithy were up to six mountain forging the gezähe and devices of the miners repaired. In the following year, the Brassert shaft had a shallow depth of 296 laughs. In 1855 the Brassert shaft reached a shallow depth of 315 Lachtern, making the deeper depth 120 meters. In the same year, the Brassert shaft was mined from this depth. The shaft had a slope of 15.95 to 24.2 gons . The shaft was equipped with conveyor racks that had space for two hundred . Due to increasing water flows, the old dewatering machine no longer met the requirements and had to be replaced by a more powerful machine. In the same year, a new, direct-acting high-pressure steam engine was installed for dewatering. This machine had an output of 100 HP and was installed in the shaft building. The old dewatering machine was still used as a hoisting machine. Towards the end of the same year , the Brassert shaft collapsed and had to be abandoned first. There were also problems with the seam. This was split into three banks to the west. While initially only a narrow layer of rock about nine centimeters split the seam into two parts, the Bergepacken was now over a meter thick. This meant that only the upper bench with a thickness of 58 centimeters could be won.

The last few years

In 1856 the Brassert shaft was cleared again . Up to location No. 26 the shaft joints were secured by a shaft wall. The lower part of the shaft up to location No. However, 28 remained inaccessible. The reason for this was the increased pit water . An attempt was made to raise the water using its own dewatering machine. Another possibility was to loosen the water via the IV and V levels of the Nachtigall civil engineering mine . With a breakthrough with these two soles, Martha's tradesmen hoped to be able to drain the deeper part of the pit again so that miners could again occupy the areas there. On March 18, 1856, a solution agreement was signed with the Nachtigall Tiefbau colliery. This solution agreement stipulated that several underground connections should be created between the two mines. It was also agreed to jointly dismantle the safety pillar between the two mines . First, on the 3rd and 4th levels of the Nachtigall colliery, the straightening sections in the Geitling seam were driven further into the Martha colliery field. The breakthrough between the two mines took place in 1857. From April of the same year, the drainage of the pumps in the Herkules shaft was taken over. Now the lower mine workings were swamped by Martha . In the same year, the water retention machine on Martha was taken out of service and the pumps started to be expanded. The Brassert shaft was cleared again this year to below the fifth underground level of Nachtigall . The large water retention steam engine was then sold to the Frischauf colliery . In 1860 the 7th level was mined. In the same year it merged with the neighboring Nachtigall colliery. In 1861, mining in the Brassert mine was permanently terminated. In the same year, the Martha colliery was merged with the neighboring Nachtigall mine .

Promotion and workforce

The first production and workforce figures come from 1847, in that year 10,349 bushels of hard coal were mined. The workforce fluctuated this year between four and 27 employees. In 1855 the annual production rose to 20,000 tons of hard coal and the mine had 115 employees. High-quality edible coals were mined . From the summer of 1859 to the summer of 1860, 120,334 tons of Prussian hard coal were extracted . 89,141 tons of them were Prussian tons of mottled coals, the rest was coal grit . These are the last funding and workforce figures for the Martha colliery.

Reuse

Since 1884, the former surface facilities , i.e. the shaft house and machine building, have been used as residential buildings. The building ensemble has been preserved to this day and, at the address “Auf der Martha 1”, is one of the sights on the Muttental mining trail.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Gerhard Koetter (Ed.): Mining in the Muttental. 1st edition, Druckstatt Wöhrle, Witten 2001, ISBN 3-00-008659-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ludwig Herrmann Wilhelm Jacobi : The mining, metallurgy and trade of the government district Arnsberg in statistical representation. Published by Julius Bädeker , Iserlohn 1857.
↑ ^a ^b Stadtmarketing Witten (ed.): Bergbau - Rundweg Muttental , Witten 2011, p. 22
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gerhard Koetter (ed.): From seams, tunnels and shafts in the Muttental. 1st edition, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89861-612-6 .
↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Second volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1855
↑ R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fifth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin 1858
↑ Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858

Web links

Commons : On the Marta - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Early mining on the Ruhr: Martha colliery (accessed on March 18, 2014)
Early mining on the Ruhr: Historical map around 1840 (accessed on March 18, 2014)
Early mining on the Ruhr: Map of the situation around 2000 (accessed on March 18, 2014)

Remarks

↑ The term coal bank is the name for the coal-bearing part of a coal seam . (Source: Carl Friedrich Alexander Hartmann: Vademecum for the practical miner. )
↑ The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting . (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )
↑ The seam here was 1.7 meters thick and fell about 15.4 gon to the north under the Ruhr valley. (Source: Gerhard Koetter (Ed.): Mining in Muttental. )
↑ As mottled coal or mine coal refers to coal that has been promoted unsorted. (Source: Ludwig Traut: Materiallehre. )

[Quelle_1-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .

[Quelle_3-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Gerhard Koetter (Ed.): Mining in the Muttental. 1st edition, Druckstatt Wöhrle, Witten 2001, ISBN 3-00-008659-5 .

[Quelle_6-3] Ludwig Herrmann Wilhelm Jacobi : The mining, metallurgy and trade of the government district Arnsberg in statistical representation. Published by Julius Bädeker , Iserlohn 1857.

[Quelle_9-4] Stadtmarketing Witten (ed.): Bergbau - Rundweg Muttental , Witten 2011, p. 22

[Quelle_2-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .

[Quelle_4-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Gerhard Koetter (ed.): From seams, tunnels and shafts in the Muttental. 1st edition, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89861-612-6 .

[Quelle_5-10] R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Second volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz , Berlin 1855

[Quelle_7-11] R. v. Carnall (Hrsg.): Journal for the mountain, hut and saltworks in the Prussian state. Fifth volume, published by Wilhelm Hertz, Berlin 1858

[Quelle_8-12] Ministry of Commerce and Industry (ed.): Journal for the mountain, huts and saltworks in the Prussian state. Sixth volume, published by the royal and secret Ober-Hofdruckerei (R. Decker), Berlin 1858

[Anm._Hartmann.-7] The term coal bank is the name for the coal-bearing part of a coal seam . (Source: Carl Friedrich Alexander Hartmann: Vademecum for the practical miner. )

[Anm._Förderv.-8] The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting . (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )

[Anm._Koetter.-9] The seam here was 1.7 meters thick and fell about 15.4 gon to the north under the Ruhr valley. (Source: Gerhard Koetter (Ed.): Mining in Muttental. )

[Anm._Traut.-13] As mottled coal or mine coal refers to coal that has been promoted unsorted. (Source: Ludwig Traut: Materiallehre. )