United Sellerbeck colliery
| United Sellerbeck colliery | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
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| other names | Sellerbeck colliery | ||
| Funding / year | Max. 166,946 t | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Employees | up to 716 | ||
| Start of operation | 1819 | ||
| End of operation | 1905 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Hard coal | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 26 '39.9 " N , 6 ° 54' 34.5" E | ||
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| Location | Muffled | ||
| local community | Mülheim an der Ruhr | ||
| Independent city ( NUTS3 ) | Mülheim an der Ruhr | ||
| country | State of North Rhine-Westphalia | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Ruhr area | ||
The United Sellerbeck colliery was a hard coal mine in Mülheim an der Ruhr , in the Dümpten district. The United Sellerbeck colliery was the successor mine to the Sellerbeck colliery , which was active in the same mine field . In the second half of the 19th century, the mine was one of the most important collieries in the Düsseldorf administrative district. The United Sellerbeck colliery was one of the first marl mines in the Ruhr area . She was one of the founding members of the Rheinisch-Westphalian coal syndicate .
history
The beginnings
The pit field is named after a Siefen ( Beck / Becke ) that stretches down from the Dümpten Heights to the former Sellerbecker Höfe in Mellinghofen. The farmers there on the northern slope are called In der Sellerbeck on the topographic map from 1907 (with the entry of the mine and the Christian shaft) . As early as 1580, coal was being extracted in the mine field of the later mine in the tunnel mining . However, the excavation of the tunnel came to a standstill in 1586 due to heavy water ingress. In the years 1597 to 1598 the tunnel was taken over by new owners and swamped . Since most of the trades had died in the meantime, operations came to a halt again before 1610. Around 1610, a neighboring tunnel was acquired and the disused tunnel was put back into operation. From 1710 has been mining in the Berechtsame operated for sellers Becker tunnels, dates from this time, the award certificate . The coal was initially extracted further in the tunnel construction, later the deeper seams were extracted in the substation construction. These substations were operated unusually deep in some places. The resulting pit water was lifted using hand pumps. Hand reels were used to move the coals .
The expansion of the mine
On September 6th of the year 1811 a test was made on the seams Cronenberger Adit, Steinkuhle, Voss, Radstube, Kiek ( Mausegatt ), Kieksbänksgen and Oberhäuersbänksgen. In the same year, the sinking work for the "Christian" shaft began. The shaft was in Dümpten near the Boverstraße set . The Christian shaft (55 m) and the Wilhelmine shaft at the neighboring Wiesche colliery (Teufbeginn 1814, 136 m) were the first real civil engineering shafts in the Ruhr area. On December 29, 1814, the decision was made to consolidate the muted seams in order to then begin the construction of the civil engineering . In the same year a dewatering machine was installed at the Christian shaft. The machine was designed to raise the pit water from a depth of 48 pools . In addition, a sliding path to the Ruhr was created. In 1815, the mining above the tunnel floor was stopped. Operations in the substation structures were also suspended down to a depth of 400 feet . The Christian shaft and the weather shaft were sunk deeper again in order to further accelerate the transition to civil engineering. In 1816, the Christian shaft was still in soft Latvians at a depth of ten laughs . From July of the same year, work was suspended for the time being due to dull weather . From January 1817, work was resumed. In the same year, the Christian shaft reached a depth of 55 meters. A breakthrough with a cross passage to the weather shaft was created in the Lettenstein . In 1818 the sinking work continued in both shafts. In 1819 the Christian shaft reached a depth of 55 laughs. At a depth of 51 laughs, the first underground level was set. When aligning the sole, old mine workings were encountered . The substation structures approached had already been built in the previous operation and were even deeper than the bottom. A three- horse horse peg was installed for the Christian shaft . A water retention steam engine was installed on the weather shaft for dewatering. The machine came from the Klefflappen colliery . In the same year, mining began in the Christian mine .
Operation as a civil engineering mine
After the Christian shaft had started mining, underground mining began. In 1820 a new water retention steam engine was put into operation. Due to the high costs incurred in operating the mine, the trades were forced to pay additional fines from this year on. These payments lasted until 1829. During the excavation work, several substations from the previous mine were approached. Since these substations were full of pit water, this pit water ran into the new pit works and filled them with water. In 1821 the mines fell into disrepair and had to be swamped. The swamp work began in February of the same year, and normal operations could be resumed in March. In 1824, the construction of a second civil engineering section began. In the same year, the sinking work for the Herrmann and Gertrud shafts began on this part of the company. Both shafts were sunk on the north wing of the mine field near the village of Eppinghofen . Schacht Herrmann was at the Kuhlenstraße and shaft Gertrud was at the Bruchstraße set . The shafts were therefore in the vicinity of the Rauenschen brickworks. In 1825 a new hoisting machine was put into operation at the Christian shaft . The machine had a standing cylinder with a diameter of 680 millimeters and had an output of twelve hp . The builder of the machine was the Englerth Reuleaux & Dobbe company. Over the years, further substation structures that were already flooded were approached. As a result, larger amounts of mine water again penetrated the new mine workings. Due to this continued strong water inflow, it was necessary to install another dewatering machine in 1827. The machine was required for the civil engineering expansion. In the same year, the sinking work on the Christian shaft was continued. In 1828 the shaft reached a depth of 61 laughs. In 1829 Schacht Hermann went into production. In the same year Schacht Gertrud also went into funding. At a depth of 45 laughs, the first conveyor level was driven and at 65 laughs the second level was driven.
In December 1830, Mathias Stinnes , JW von Eicken, the Lüps brothers, Gerhard Mühlenbeck, Franz Haniel , Mathias Krabb, EH Holzverscheit and W. Goslich were noted as the main trades in the documents . In 1831, the second underground level was set in the Christian shaft at a depth of 61 puddles. Since the conveyor lines had now reached a relatively great length, a new cut was worked out for the pit field. In order to shorten the routes for the rear operations, it was necessary to sink an auxiliary shaft. In 1832, the sinking work for the auxiliary shaft began. The shaft was set up on Winkhauser Weg. Sinking this auxiliary shaft turned out to be difficult because it had to be sunk by so-called karst water . In 1833 the auxiliary shaft received a steam hoisting machine. In 1834, work began on a third civil engineering division. In the same year, the sinking work for the shafts Müller (shaft 1) and Humboldt began to develop the construction site. Both shafts were located in Winkhausen on Hausbergstrasse, 400 meters east of the auxiliary shaft. Both shafts had a rectangular cross-section . In 1835, the auxiliary shaft went into production. The shaft reached a final depth of 108 meters. In the same year the Humboldt and Müller shafts reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 29 meters . In the following years, one of the shafts received a hoisting machine with an output of 24 hp. In addition, an 80-inch drainage machine was installed for the construction site. In 1839 the shafts were put into operation. In the same year, the sliding route to the Ruhr harbor was converted. As a result, the coal could now be brought to the Ruhr via the almost 7 km long horse-drawn tram that was built on Aktienstraße . By the end of the decade, the United Sellerbeck colliery was probably the most powerful colliery in the entire Ruhr area.
The further operation
In 1840 the third level was set in the Humboldt shaft at a depth of 176 meters (-76 m above sea level ). There were two steam-powered dewatering machines and two hoisting machines in operation. In the same year Schacht Christian was taken out of production, but the shaft remained open for ventilation . In 1841 the 4th level was set in the Humboldt shaft at a depth of 220 meters (- 120 m above sea level). In 1842 two plants were now in production: Müller / Humboldt and Hermann / Gertrud. Since 1848, the transport took place with a newly built colliery railway, the route of which ran on the current A 40 and which led in a straight line from the Sellerbeck colliery via Roland colliery to Oberhausen station. In the years 1850 and 1852, the Längenfeld Cronenberger Adit and the Steinkuhl fields south and north were awarded. In 1854, the sinking work for the Carnall shaft (shaft 3) began. The shaft was set up on Sellerbeckerstraße, 1.3 kilometers northwest of the Müller / Humboldt plant. The following year, the shaft reached the Carboniferous at a depth of 50 meters. In 1859 the first level was set in the Carnall shaft at a depth of 177 meters (-86 m above sea level). In the same year, the shaft was put into operation and a breakthrough was made with the Müller pump shaft. On May 11th of the same year the quarter field was awarded to Christian. In the period from October 12, 1859 to February 22, 1860, the Christian and Steinkuhl fields consolidated north and south to form the United Sellerbeck mine. In 1861 the second level was set in the Carnall shaft at a depth of 251 meters (- 160 m above sea level). In 1862, production in the Müller construction site was reduced. At that time, the mine belonged to the Dortmund Upper Mining District and there to the Mülheim mining area . In 1864 work began on digging the Humboldt and Müller shafts deeper from the 4th level. In 1865, the 5th level was set in the Müller shaft at a depth of 285 meters (- 185 m above sea level). In the same year, work began to sink two more weather shafts.
In 1866 Louis Kannengießer acquired the Kuxen majority of the United Sellerbeck union. In the same year, the payment of the tithe to the Mülheim society was replaced. In 1867, the Humboldt shaft reached the 5th level. In 1871, the Carnall shaft began to be deepened. In 1873 the third level was set in the Carnall shaft at a depth of 383 meters (- 291 m above sea level). On March 6, 1876, the Geviertfeld Steinkuhle Südflügel was awarded. In 1878 the 6th level was set in the Müller shaft at a depth of 368 meters (- 268 m above sea level). In 1880 the Humboldt shaft penetrated to the 6th level. In 1883 two plants were again in production: Müller / Humboldt and Carnall / Wetterschacht Christian. The Humboldt shaft was then abandoned and filled . On September 3, 1887, Geviertfeld Caroline I was acquired and consolidated into the United Sellerbeck colliery. The quarter field Caroline I was the southern field of the coal mine Caroline . In 1892 work began on digging the Christian weather shaft deeper. In 1894 the Christian weather shaft penetrated at a depth of 251 meters with the second level of the Carnall facility. In 1895, the Müller plant produced from two shafts; the Carnall plant had three shafts. In the same year the Kuxe was transferred from the main shareholder Kannengießer to the Bergbau- und Schifffahrts-AG.
The last few years until the shutdown
On December 10, 1896, the quarter field was awarded to Elsa. In 1900 the auxiliary shaft sunk in 1832 was broken . In 1903 a cross passage was driven from the Carnall shaft to the Müller shaft and on to the Roland colliery. On January 26th, 1905, the square Anna I was awarded. The entire right now covered an area of 7.7 km 2 . On July 21 of the same year, the United Sellerbeck colliery became the property of Harpener Bergbau . The following year a carbon copy was made with the Roland colliery. At this point in time, the total length of the track was more than five kilometers. In the same year the United Sellerbeck colliery was closed. The mine field with the Christian weather shaft was added to the Roland colliery. In 1909, the Roland colliery, together with the Sellerbeck mine, was transferred to the Mülheimer Bergwerks-Verein . The mine field was further processed by the Wiesche mine. In 1920 the remaining daytime facilities at the Carnall shaft were demolished.
Promotion and workforce
Very good lean coals were produced in the mine. The coals had a high proportion of lump coals and were one of the best brick coals, but they were also well suited for domestic fires. The first known workforce figures come from 1811, when 36 miners were employed in the mine. The first extraction figures come from 1838, in that year 45,063 tons of hard coal were extracted. The workforce this year was 280 employees. In 1841, 86,900 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 356. In 1843, 60,692 tons of hard coal were mined and in 1845 63,676 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1850, 311 employees mined 246,308 Prussian tonnes of hard coal. In 1855 64,642 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 363 employees. From that year until 1860 there was a steady decline in production at the mine. In 1860 around 29,000 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 232 employees.
In 1862, 368,740 Prussian tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 380 employees. In 1865 with 577 employees 100,850 tons of hard coal were mined. In 1870 132,246 tons of hard coal were mined, the workforce was 549 employees. In 1875 the production was 88,454 tons of hard coal, the workforce was 508 employees. In 1880, with 426 employees, 87,258 tons of hard coal were extracted. In 1885, 110,834 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 575. In 1890 around 120,000 tons of hard coal were mined. The workforce this year was 572. In 1895, 458 employees produced 111,133 tons of hard coal. In 1900, 160,679 tons of hard coal were extracted and the workforce was 655. In 1901, 166,946 tons of hard coal were produced on the mine, this was the maximum production of the mine. The workforce was 716 this year. The last known production and workforce figures for the mine are from 1905, in that year 40,868 tons of hard coal were extracted with 136 employees.
Effects of mining
In 2004 there was a daybreak on Mühlenstrasse in Mülheim . The area was in a mountain-free area and about 250 meters from the last mining activities of the United Sellerbeck colliery. Exact research revealed that mining activities had taken place in the area of today's Mühlenstrasse, presumably before the time of documented mining. On the plan work , this area was known as " Old building marked". The area was explored through 700 boreholes and the entire extent of damage checked. The entire area was secured with extensive measures. 762 tons of cement , 2432 tons of screed concrete and 1000 tons of grout were pumped into the underground cavities. The measures to secure the site took 19 months.
What is left
In 1920 the daytime facilities of the Carnall shaft were demolished and the Gustav Heinemann School was built in 1970 as a comprehensive school for the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr on the former site of the colliery . A small memorial stone on Nordstrasse and the corner of Mühlenstrasse has been a reminder of the colliery since 2010.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wilhelm Hermann, Gertrude Hermann: The old collieries on the Ruhr. 4th edition. Publishing house Karl Robert Langewiesche, successor Hans Köster, Königstein i. Taunus 1994, ISBN 3-7845-6992-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Joachim Huske : The coal mines in the Ruhr area. Data and facts from the beginning to 2005 (= publications from the German Mining Museum Bochum 144) 3rd revised and expanded edition. Self-published by the German Mining Museum, Bochum 2006, ISBN 3-937203-24-9 .
- ^ A b c H. Fleck, E. Hartwig: History, statistics and technology of hard coal in Germany and other countries in Europe . R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1865.
- ↑ a b c d e Hans Spethmann: The first small marls in the Ruhr area. Essen and Lübeck 1947.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957.
- ↑ TK 4507 from U. Greifswald ( memento of October 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 20, 2013).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Hermann Adam Von Kamp: The castle and the rule Broich. 1st part, published by Joh.Ewich, Duisburg 1852.
- ↑ a b Andreas Wagner: The most expensive measure to ward off dangers from abandoned mine workings in North Rhine-Westphalia . In: Ministry of Economy, Medium-Sized Enterprises and Energy of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. (Ed.): Annual report 2006 of the mining authorities of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Arnsberg district government, Dortmund October 2007, pp. 57–60.
- ↑ Dümpten in the yearbook MH 1973, p. 205.
- ↑ Wiesche at foerdergerueste.de (accessed March 2013).
- ↑ Kammerer-Charlottenburg: The technology of load handling then and now. Study of the development of hoisting machines and their influence on economic life and cultural history, printing and publishing by R. Oldenbourg, Munich and Berlin.
- ↑ a b Start of operation of the Sellerbeck horse-drawn railway (last accessed on March 19, 2013).
- ↑ The coal of the Ruhr area . Compilation of the most important mines in the Ruhr coal mining area, specifying the quality of the coal mined, the rail connections, as well as the mining and freight rates. Second completely revised and completed edition, publishing bookstore of the M. DuMont-Schauberg'schen Buchhandlung, Cologne 1874.
