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{{Infobox Military Unit
{{Infobox Person
| name = Jane Addams
|unit_name= German Army Aviators Corps</br>''Heeresflieger''
| image = Jane Addams profile.jpg
|image= [[Image:Coat of arms of Heeresflieger.gif|150px]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1860|9|6|mf=y}}
|caption=Coat of Arms of the German Army Aviators Corps
| birth_place = [[Cedarville, Illinois | Cedarville, Illinois]]
|dates=1955 – present
| death_date = {{death date and age|1935|5|21|1860|9|6}}
|country= Germany
| death_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
|allegiance=
| occupation = Activist
|branch=[[German Army]]
| spouse =
|type=[[Army aviation]] branch
| parents = [[John H. Addams]] and Sarah Weber
|role= Tactical Air Transport, Close Air Support, Reconnaissance, Liaison, Disaster Relief
| children =
|size=6 regiments, 1 independent squadrons, 1 school
|command_structure=
|current_commander=[[Brigadier General]] Richard Bolz
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=
|ceremonial_chief_label=
|colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname=
|patron=
|motto=Nach vorn</br> ''To the front'' or ''Forward''
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=
|notable_commanders=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol= [[Image:Badge of Heeresflieger.gif|100px]]
|identification_symbol_label= Cap Badge
|identification_symbol_2= [[Image:TZ HF.svg|70px]]
|identification_symbol_2_label= [[APP-6A]] symbol
<!-- Aircraft -->
|aircraft_attack= MBB Bo 105P, Eurocopter Tiger
|aircraft_bomber=
|aircraft_fighter=
|aircraft_interceptor=
|aircraft_recon= MBB Bo 105M
|aircraft_patrol=
|aircraft_trainer= Eurocopter EC 135
|aircraft_transport= Bell UH-1D, Sikorsky CH-53G/GS, NH90
}}
}}
'''Laura Jane Addams''' (September 6, 1860 &ndash; May 21, 1935) was a founder of the [[U.S.]] [[Settlement House]] movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].
The''' German Army Aviators Corps''' (''Heeresfliegertruppe'') is a special unit within the German Armed Forces ([[Bundeswehr]]). The German Army Aviators Corps is part of the [[German Army]] (''Heer''), containing all its [[helicopter]] units. The [[Luftwaffe|German Air Force]] and the [[German Navy]] both also have their own helicopter units.


==Identification==
==Biography==
Born in [[Cedarville, Illinois]], Jane Addams was the last of twenty-seven children born into a prosperous, loving family.<ref name= Nobel>{{cite book | last = Haberman | first = Frederick | title = Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950 | publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company | date = 1972 | location = Amsterdam | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams-bio.html }}</ref> Her mother was Sarah Addams ([[married and maiden names|née]] Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator [[John H. Addams]].<ref name = NYT> {{cite news | title = Jane Addams A Foe of War and Need | work = [[New York Times]]| date = May 22, 1935 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0906.html | accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> She was a first cousin twice removed to [[Charles Addams]], noted cartoonist for ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>Davis, Linda H. ''Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life''. Random House, Inc. 2006.</ref> She was born with a [[congenital]] [[spine|spinal]] defect; although it was later corrected by surgery, it effected her health throughout her life.<ref name = Nobel/>
The [[coat of arms]] of the German Army Aviators Corps depicts a white eagle, swooping down whilst carrying a sword in its claws. Members of the German Army Aviator Corps wear a [[Burgundy (color)|burgundy]]-coloured [[beret]]. The badge on the beret is a wing, crossed vertically by a sword, surrounded by oak leaves. Their [[epaulette]]s are lined in silver-grey. The sleeves of their [[uniforms]] show the flying wings, emphasizing their main task.


Addams' father encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the [[United States]] and [[Europe]], graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now [[Rockford College]]) in [[Rockford, Illinois]]. After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in [[medicine]], but her parents felt that she was sufficiently educated and feared for her marriage prospects.
==Tasks==
The main tasks of the German Army Aviators Corps are:
* support of own troops through [[anti-tank warfare]].
* transport, both internally and externally, of personnel and material.
* [[reconnaissance]] in combination with other units.
* liaison between different units
* [[disaster]] relief, e.g. [[wildfires|wildfire]], [[floods]] etc.


While in [[London]], Addams was influenced by an essay, ''The Bitter Cry of Outcast London'',<ref>Rev Andrew Mearns 1883 http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php</ref> which highlighted [[slum]] conditions.<ref name="hall">{{cite book |title=Cities of Tomorrow |author=Hall, Peter |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |date=2002 |chapter=Chapter 2}}</ref> She visited Europe when she was 27 years old, visiting [[Toynbee Hall]], a [[settlement house]] in the [[East End of London]].<ref name="hall"/>
Due to their manifold tasks, the German Army Aviators Corps cannot be classified as having any of the classic tasks of army units, namely leading and supporting the leadership, fighting and supporting the fighting force.


===Hull House===
Most units of the German Army Aviators Corps are incorporated into the [[Airmobile Operations Division]] (''Division Luftbewegliche Operationen''). This division was founded on 1 July 2002 and became operational on 8 October 2002.
[[Image:Jane Addams in a car.jpg|left|thumb|Jane Addams in a car, 1915]]
In 1889 she and her friend [[Ellen Gates Starr]] co-founded [[Hull House]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]], one of the first [[settlement house]]s in the United States. At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around 2000 people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, [[kindergarten]] classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an [[art gallery]], a [[coffeehouse]], a [[gym]]nasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a [[Bookbinding|book bindery]], a [[music school]], a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. Her adult night school was a forerunner of the [[continuing education]] classes offered by many [[universities]] today.


[[Image:Jane Addams speaking to a crowd.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915]]
== History ==
Hull House also served as a women's [[Sociology|sociological]] institution. Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the [[Chicago School of Sociology]], influencing their thought through her work in [[applied sociology]] and, in 1893, co-authoring the ''Hull-House Maps and Papers'' that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. She worked with [[George H. Mead]] on social reform issues including promoting [[women's rights]], ending child labor, and the mediating during the [[1910 Garment Workers' Strike]]. Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "[[social work]]", Addams did not consider herself a social worker. She combined the central concepts of [[symbolic interactionism]] with the theories of [[cultural feminism]] and [[pragmatism]] to form her sociological ideas. <ref>Deegan, 1988</ref>


Addams was Hull House's first resident. In 1910, she said that she wanted to live in a place where "idealism ran high". <ref>1910, 101</ref> Starr read [[George Eliot]]'s "Romola" to listeners, while another volunteer, Jenny Dow, started a [[kindergarten]]. <ref>1910</ref>
{{main article|History of the German Army Aviators Corps}}
After the foundation of the Bundeswehr in 1955, the first head of the department of the German Army Aviators Corps, Colonel [[Horst Pape]], was appointed on 7 November 1956.
During the next ten years, a great number of bases all over the territory of the [[Federal Republic of Germany]] were founded.


Hull House also offered an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the [[Juvenile Protective Association]], the first [[juvenile court]] in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic.<ref>The "Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic" was later called the "Institute for Juvenile Research", see: {{cite web| url = http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/ja_bio.html | title = ''Jane Addams Hull-House Museum'' at the University of Illinois at Chigao| accessdate = 2007-11-24}}</ref>
In the first instance, all the equipment was acquired from allied nations. However, from the late 1960s onwards, more emphasis was put on developing new technology with other European partners. Until 1990, the German Army Aviators Corps was restricted to see active service only during aid mission within Germany and [[NATO]] countries.


===Peace Movement===
Since the unification of the Federal Republic of Germany with the [[German Democratic Republic]] in 1990, there have been several rounds of re-organizations within the Bundeswehr, also affecting the German Army Aviators Corps. A number of bases were closed down, and their units either dissolved or merged with other units. In 2002, most remaining units of the German Army Aviators Corps were incorporated into the [[Airmobile Operations Division]] (''Division Luftbewegliche Operationen'') .
[[Image:Jane Addams and Miss Elizabeth Burke.jpg|thumb|left|Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911]]
Addams helped organize the Women's Peace Party and the International Congress of Women in an effort to avert the [[first World War]]. In 1917, after the [[United States]] entered [[WWI]], she was expelled from the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]].


In 1920 she was elected first president of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]], the successor organization to the Women's Peace Party. She continued in the presidency until her death.
Furthermore, the role of the German Army Aviators Corps changed as well. Since the mid 1990s, it has been increasingly deployed in a support rôle in several countries for as varying bodies as the [[United Nations]], NATO and the [[EU]], first in [[Iraq]] after the 1st [[Gulf War]], then on the [[Balkans]] with [[IFOR]], [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]], [[SFOR]] and [[EUFOR]], and most recently in [[Afghanistan]] as part of [[International Security Assistance Force|ISAF]] and most recently in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] as part of the EU contingent within the UN mission [[MONUC]] to monitor the general elections in 2006. This mission began in June 2006 and ended with the last soldiers returning in December of the same year.


===Personal relationships===
==Equipment==
[[Image:DF-SD-04-05718.jpg|thumb|300px|right|CH53-G of the German Army Aviators Corps during an exercise in Bosnia]]
[[Image:DN-ST-92-02168.jpg|thumb|right|Kurdish refugee children run toward a CH-53G helicopter of the German Army Aviators Corps in Northern Iraq in 1991]]
[[Image:GermarmyCH53G.jpg|thumb|right|A CH-53G helicopter of the German Army Aviators Corps near Sarajevo in 1999]]
The German Army Aviators Corps is equipped with:
* [[UH-1 Iroquois|Bell UH-1D]], light transport helicopter.
* [[CH-53 Sea Stallion|Sikorsky CH-53G/GS]], medium transport helicopter.
* [[Bölkow Bo 105|MBB Bo 105P]], anti-tank helicopter.
* [[Bölkow Bo 105|MBB Bo 105M]], [[reconnaissance]] and [[liaison]] helicopter.
* [[Eurocopter EC 135]], training helicopter.
* [[NHI NH90|NH90]], multi-role helicopter


Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull Houses's programmes. Her closest adult companion and friend was Mary Rozet Smith, who supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in [[Bar Harbor, Maine]].
Procured but not yet delivered for active service has been:
* [[Eurocopter Tiger]], [[attack helicopter]]


The exact nature of their relationship has become a controversy after her death, with some historians believing Addams was a [[lesbian]] and in love with Smith, and others calling their relationship a [[romantic friendship]], saying that while the women loved each other and lived together, that did not necessarily indicate a sexual relationship.<ref>Sarah Holmes, ''Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History'', London, 2000.</ref><ref name=Loerzel>[http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2008/Friends-With-Benefits/"Friends—With Benefits?"], By Robert Loerzel, ''[[Chicago Magazine]]'', June 2008.</ref><ref name=>[http://www.chicagofreepress.com/node/1819 "Community discusses ‘recovery’ of Jane Addams as lesbian"], By Matt Simonette, May 14, 2008, ''[[Chicago Free Press]]''.</ref><ref name=Schoenberg>"Hull-House Museum poses the question `Was Jane Addams a Lesbian?'", By Nara Schoenberg, 13 February 2007, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-31575983_ITM Online at AccessMyLibrary.com]</ref><ref name=Brown>''The Education of Jane Addams'', By Victoria Bissell Brown, page 361. [http://books.google.com/books?id=In0FyWy858gC&dq=jane+addams+lesbian&pg=PP1&ots=gKqddAVrJb&source=citation&sig=peSm-VgHEGucIdeQgI__hHcbOlU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=11&ct=result#PPA361,M1 Online at Google Books].</ref>
<gallery>
Image:Bundeswehrmuseum Dresden 6.jpg|Bell UH-1D
Image:NH-90_ILA-2006_2.jpg|NH90
Image:Bolkow Bo 105 1.jpg|Bölkow Bo 105
</gallery>
<gallery>
Image:ILA 2008 PD 896.JPG|CH-53GS
Image:NH90Helidays2008.jpg|NH90
Image:TigerUHT1.jpg|Tiger UHT
Image:Eurocopter EC 135 Bundeswehr.jpg|Eurocopter EC 135
Image:Eurocopter_Tiger_2.jpg|Eurocopter Tiger
Image:CH-53G Laage.jpg|CH-53G
</gallery>


==Units==
== Legacy ==
[[Image:Addams.JPG|right|thumb|250px|A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in [[The American Adventure]] in the World Showcase pavilion of [[Walt Disney World]]'s [[Epcot]].]]
The following units are subordinate to Airmobile Operations Division, the division's headquarters being in [[Veitshöchheim]]:
Jane Addams was a member of the [[NAACP]], [[Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority]], and the first vice-president of the [[History of women's suffrage in the United States|National American Woman Suffrage Association]] in 1911. In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the [[Juvenile Protective Association]], a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect.
She was also actively involved with [[Pi Gamma Mu]], the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]] commissioned Canadian artist [[Christian Cardell Corbet]] to create a bronze medallion of Jane Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. The medallion has since been collected by several important museums.


The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]], give the annual [[Jane Addams Children's Book Awards]] to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="450"|Name of unit
!width="100"|Based at
!width="50"|Insignia
|-
|Army Aviators Medium Transport Helicopter Regiment 15 ''Münsterland''
|[[Rheine Air Base|Rheine]]
|[[Image:THReg15.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Army Aviators Medium Transport Helicopter Regiment 25 ''[[Upper Swabia|Oberschwaben]]''
|[[Laupheim Air Base|Laupheim]]
|[[Image:MTHRgt 25.svg|20px|center]]
|-
|Army Aviators Transport Helicopter Regiment 30
|[[Niederstetten Air Base|Niederstetten]]
|[[Image:Verbandsabzeichen-Transporthubschrauberregimentes30.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|}


A 2007 joint resolution of the [[Illinois General Assembly]], HJR 19 ([[Barbara Flynn Currie|Currie]]), would rename the [[Northwest Tollway]] as the ''Jane Addams Memorial Tollway''.


Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1947 at [[Connecticut College]].
The following units are part of Airmobile Brigade 1 of Airmobile Operations Division. The division's headquarters is in [[Fritzlar]]:


[[Jane Addams Business Careers Center]] is a high school in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], [[Ohio]].
{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="450"|Name of unit
!width="100"|Based at
!width="50"|Insignia
|-
|Army Aviators Light Transport Helicopter Regiment 10 ''[[Lüneburg Heath|Lüneburger Heide]]''
|[[Faßberg]]
|[[Image:THReg10.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Army Aviators Attack Helicopter Regiment 26 ''[[Franconia|Franken]]''
|[[Roth Air Base|Roth]]
|[[Image:KHReg26.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Army Aviators Attack Helicopter Regiment 36 ''[[Hesse-Kassel|Kurhessen]]''
|Fritzlar
|[[Image:KHReg36.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|}


The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is {{convert|12.85|mi|km}} long, and is part of the larger [[Grand Illinois Trail]], which is over {{convert|575|mi|km}} long. <ref>[http://www.bikelib.org/git/index.htm Grand Illinois Trail Guide - bikeGIT.org. Hosted by the League of Illinois Bicyclists<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois.<ref>[http://www.janeaddamstrail.com/ Jane Addams Trail – Part of the Grand Illinois Trail<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

The following unit is not part of the Airmobile Operations Division but part of Air Transport Wing 62:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="450"|Name of unit
!width="100"|Based at
!width="50"|Insignia
|-
|Army Aviators Support Squadron 1
|[[Schönewalde|Holzdorf]]
|[[Image:HFUS1.gif|20px|center]]
|-
|}


The following units operate independently:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="450"|Name of unit
!width="100"|Based at
!width="50"|Insignia
|-
|Army Aviators Maintenance Squadron 100
|[[Celle Air Base|Celle]]
|[[Image:HFUS1.gif|20px|center]]
|-
|Army Aviators Liaison and Reconnaisance Squadron 100
|Celle
|[[Image:Hfvas100.gif|20px|center]]
|-
|}


The following units are part of the [[German Army Aviators School|Army Aviators School]]. The school's headquarters is in [[Bückeburg]]:

{| border="1" cellpadding="2"
!width="450"|Name of unit
!width="100"|Based at
!width="50"|Insignia
|-
|Instruction Group A (flying instruction)
|[[Bückeburg Air Base|Bückeburg]]
|[[Image:HFWS01.gif|20px|center]]
|-
|Instruction Group B (non-flying instruction)
|Bückeburg
||[[Image:Heeresfliegerwaffenschule.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Training Centre C (flying instruction)
||Celle
||[[Image:HFlgAusbZentr C.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Army Aviators Test Squadron 910
|Bückeburg
||[[Image:HFVS910.gif‎|20px|center]]
|-
|Research And Development Group
|Bückeburg
||[[Image:Heeresfliegerwaffenschule.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Technical Maintenance Department
|Bückeburg
||[[Image:Heeresfliegerwaffenschule.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|Franco-German Traning Centre
|[[Le Luc]] (France)
||[[Image:Heeresfliegerwaffenschule.jpg|20px|center]]
|-
|}


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Florence Kelley]]
* [[History of the German Army Aviators Corps]]
* [[Army aviation]]
* [[Flora Dunlap]]
* [[Mary Treglia]]
* [[Jane Addams Burial Site]]
* [[Jane Addams School for Democracy]]
* [[John H. Addams Homestead]]
* [[John Dewey]]
* [[Community practice|Community practice social work]]
* [[Stanton Street Settlement]]


==References==
==References==
[[Image:Jane addams stamp.JPG|thumbnail|right|140px|'''Jane Addams''' on a [[United States|US]] [[postage stamp]] of 1940]]
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}


===Further reading===
* {{citation | last = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung | first = | title = Heeresflieger| place = Bonn | publisher = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung| date = 1970| edition = |isbn = }}
* Bowen, Louise de Koven. ''Growing up with Pity''. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
* {{citation | last = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung | first = | title = Das Heer: Heeresflieger| place = Bonn | publisher = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung| date = 1975| edition = |isbn = }}
* Deegan, Mary. ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918''. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
* {{cite web | last = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung | title = Armee der Einheit 1990-2000 | publisher = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung | date = 2000 | url = http://www.streitkraeftebasis.de/portal/PA_1_0_P3/PortalFiles/02DB040000000001/W26E2GHR480INFODE/armee_der_einheit.pdf?yw_repository=youatweb | format = PDF | accessdate = 2006-09-23}}
* Knight, Louise W. ''Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
* {{citation | last = Bundeswehramt | first = | title = Unser Heer 3: Heeresflieger| place = Bad Godesberg| publisher = Bundeswehramt| date = 1962| edition = |isbn = }}
* Polacheck, Hilda Satt. ''I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
* {{cite paper| first = Bünz | last = Fred | title = Modernisierung in der Bundeswehr: die Entwicklung des Konzeptes der Luftbeweglichkeit und der entsprechenden Einsatzgrundsätze; unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des von Carl von Clausewitz formulierten Wechselverhältnisses von Theorie und Praxis| version = Diss| publisher = Universität der Bundeswehr München| date = 1999 }}
* {{citation | last = Dressel | first = Joachim | last2 = Griel | first2 = Manfred | title = Flugzeuge und Hubschrauber der Bundeswehr | place = Stuttgart | publisher = Motorbuch-Verlag| date = 1990 | edition = |isbn = 3-6130-1358-4 }}
* {{citation | last = Garben| first = Fritz| title = Deutsche Heeresflieger: nationale und internationale Rettungs-, Hilfs- und UN-Einsätze | place = Lemwerder| publisher = Stedinger-Verlag| date = 2005| edition = |isbn = 3-9276-9741-9 }}
* {{citation | last = Garben| first = Fritz| title = Fünf Jahrzehnte Heeresflieger: Typen, Taktik und Geschichte| place = Lemwerder| publisher = Stedinger-Verlag| date = 2006| edition = |isbn = 3-9276-9745-1 }}
* {{citation | last = Kaufholz| first = Bernd| title = Im Dienste des "alten Europa": Helfer in Kabul und andernorts| place = Halle | publisher = mdv| date = 2003| edition = |isbn = 3-8981-2202-6 }}
* {{citation | last = Schütt | first = Kurt W. | title = Heeresflieger: Truppengattung der dritten Dimension; die Geschichte der Heeresfliegertruppe der Bundeswehr| place = Koblenz| publisher = Bernard und Graefe| date = 1985| edition = |isbn = 3-7637-5451-2 }}
* {{Citation | contribution = Heeresflieger | title = 1000 Stichworte zur Bundeswehr | editor-last = Bundesministerium der Verteidigung| editor-first = | editor-link = | volume = | publisher = Mittler | year = 1996 |isbn = 3-8132-0536-3 }}
* {{citation | last = Vetter | first = Bernd | last2 = Vetter | first2 = Frank| title = Die deutschen Heeresflieger: Geschichte, Typen und Verbände | place = Stuttgart | publisher = Motorbuch-Verlag| date = 2001 | edition = |isbn = 3-6130-2146-3 }}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Wikisource author}}
* [http://www.deutschesheer.de Official site of the German Army]
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.bundeswehr.de Official site of the German Armed Forces]
{{commons|Jane Addams}}
* [http://www.heideflieger-mixer.de/ Site of Army Aviators Liaison and Reconnaissance Helicopter Squadron 100]
* [http://www.heeresfliegerregiment15.de/ Site of Medium Transport Helicopter Regiment 15 ''Münsterland'' in Rheine]


* {{sep entry|addams-jane|Jane Addams|Maurice Hamington}} Looks at her as "the first woman 'public philosopher' in United States history".
[[Category:Army aviation units and formations]]
* {{gutenberg author|id=Jane_Addams|name=Jane Addams}}
[[Category:Military of Germany]]
* Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870-1930. [http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html Jane Addams (1860-1935).] A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Jane Addams.
[[Category:Military units and formations of Germany]]
* [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=Addams&amode=start Works by Jane Addams] listed at the [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ Online Books Page]
*[http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/hull_house.html Jane Addams Hull-House Museum]
*[http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php/ The Bitter Cry of Outcast London] by Rev. Andrew Mearns
*[http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/addamsindex.htm Online photograph exhibit of Jane Addams from Swarthmore College's Peace Collection]
*[http://www.fyne.co.uk/index.php?item=688 Gay Great article in Fyne Times magazine]

{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1926-1950}}
{{Social work}}
{{Persondata
|NAME = Addams, Jane
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American activist and pacifist
|DATE OF BIRTH = September 6, 1860
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cedarville, Illinois|Cedarville]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]]
|DATE OF DEATH = May 21, 1935
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Addams, Jane}}
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:20th century philosophers]]
[[Category:American memoirists]]
[[Category:American pacifists]]
[[Category:American political writers]]
[[Category:American sociologists]]
[[Category:American philosophers]]
[[Category:Americans of English descent]]
[[Category:German-Americans]]
[[Category:Child labor in the United States]]
[[Category:Children's rights activists]]
[[Category:Community organizers]]
[[Category:Rockford College alumni]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:People from Chicago, Illinois]]
[[Category:People from Stephenson County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in Illinois]]


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[[he:ג'יין אדאמס]]
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[[ru:Аддамс, Джейн]]
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[[uk:Аддамс Лаура Джейн]]
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Revision as of 09:03, 13 October 2008

Jane Addams
Born(1860-09-06)September 6, 1860
Cedarville, Illinois
DiedMay 21, 1935(1935-05-21) (aged 74)
Chicago, Illinois
OccupationActivist
Parent(s)John H. Addams and Sarah Weber

Laura Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the U.S. Settlement House movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Biography

Born in Cedarville, Illinois, Jane Addams was the last of twenty-seven children born into a prosperous, loving family.[1] Her mother was Sarah Addams (née Weber) and her father was a banker and state senator John H. Addams.[2] She was a first cousin twice removed to Charles Addams, noted cartoonist for The New Yorker.[3] She was born with a congenital spinal defect; although it was later corrected by surgery, it effected her health throughout her life.[1]

Addams' father encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the United States and Europe, graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now Rockford College) in Rockford, Illinois. After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in medicine, but her parents felt that she was sufficiently educated and feared for her marriage prospects.

While in London, Addams was influenced by an essay, The Bitter Cry of Outcast London,[4] which highlighted slum conditions.[5] She visited Europe when she was 27 years old, visiting Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in the East End of London.[5]

Hull House

Jane Addams in a car, 1915

In 1889 she and her friend Ellen Gates Starr co-founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, one of the first settlement houses in the United States. At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around 2000 people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, kindergarten classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an art gallery, a coffeehouse, a gymnasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a book bindery, a music school, a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. Her adult night school was a forerunner of the continuing education classes offered by many universities today.

Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915

Hull House also served as a women's sociological institution. Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the Chicago School of Sociology, influencing their thought through her work in applied sociology and, in 1893, co-authoring the Hull-House Maps and Papers that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. She worked with George H. Mead on social reform issues including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and the mediating during the 1910 Garment Workers' Strike. Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "social work", Addams did not consider herself a social worker. She combined the central concepts of symbolic interactionism with the theories of cultural feminism and pragmatism to form her sociological ideas. [6]

Addams was Hull House's first resident. In 1910, she said that she wanted to live in a place where "idealism ran high". [7] Starr read George Eliot's "Romola" to listeners, while another volunteer, Jenny Dow, started a kindergarten. [8]

Hull House also offered an employment bureau, an art gallery, libraries, and music and art classes. Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the Juvenile Protective Association, the first juvenile court in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic.[9]

Peace Movement

Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911

Addams helped organize the Women's Peace Party and the International Congress of Women in an effort to avert the first World War. In 1917, after the United States entered WWI, she was expelled from the Daughters of the American Revolution.

In 1920 she was elected first president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the successor organization to the Women's Peace Party. She continued in the presidency until her death.

Personal relationships

Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull Houses's programmes. Her closest adult companion and friend was Mary Rozet Smith, who supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in Bar Harbor, Maine.

The exact nature of their relationship has become a controversy after her death, with some historians believing Addams was a lesbian and in love with Smith, and others calling their relationship a romantic friendship, saying that while the women loved each other and lived together, that did not necessarily indicate a sexual relationship.[10][11][12][13][14]

Legacy

File:Addams.JPG
A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in The American Adventure in the World Showcase pavilion of Walt Disney World's Epcot.

Jane Addams was a member of the NAACP, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, and the first vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1911. In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the Juvenile Protective Association, a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect. She was also actively involved with Pi Gamma Mu, the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom commissioned Canadian artist Christian Cardell Corbet to create a bronze medallion of Jane Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. The medallion has since been collected by several important museums.

The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, give the annual Jane Addams Children's Book Awards to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.

A 2007 joint resolution of the Illinois General Assembly, HJR 19 (Currie), would rename the Northwest Tollway as the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway.

Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1947 at Connecticut College.

Jane Addams Business Careers Center is a high school in Cleveland, Ohio.

The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is 12.85 miles (20.68 km) long, and is part of the larger Grand Illinois Trail, which is over 575 miles (925 km) long. [15] The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois.[16]

See also

References

Jane Addams on a US postage stamp of 1940
  1. ^ a b Haberman, Frederick (1972). Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company.
  2. ^ "Jane Addams A Foe of War and Need". New York Times. May 22, 1935. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
  3. ^ Davis, Linda H. Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life. Random House, Inc. 2006.
  4. ^ Rev Andrew Mearns 1883 http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php
  5. ^ a b Hall, Peter (2002). "Chapter 2". Cities of Tomorrow. Blackwell Publishing.
  6. ^ Deegan, 1988
  7. ^ 1910, 101
  8. ^ 1910
  9. ^ The "Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic" was later called the "Institute for Juvenile Research", see: "Jane Addams Hull-House Museum at the University of Illinois at Chigao". Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  10. ^ Sarah Holmes, Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History, London, 2000.
  11. ^ "Friends—With Benefits?", By Robert Loerzel, Chicago Magazine, June 2008.
  12. ^ "Community discusses ‘recovery’ of Jane Addams as lesbian", By Matt Simonette, May 14, 2008, Chicago Free Press.
  13. ^ "Hull-House Museum poses the question `Was Jane Addams a Lesbian?'", By Nara Schoenberg, 13 February 2007, Chicago Tribune. Online at AccessMyLibrary.com
  14. ^ The Education of Jane Addams, By Victoria Bissell Brown, page 361. Online at Google Books.
  15. ^ Grand Illinois Trail Guide - bikeGIT.org. Hosted by the League of Illinois Bicyclists
  16. ^ Jane Addams Trail – Part of the Grand Illinois Trail

Further reading

  • Bowen, Louise de Koven. Growing up with Pity. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
  • Deegan, Mary. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
  • Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Polacheck, Hilda Satt. I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.

External links

Wikisource has original works by or about:
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