Nicodamidae: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Family of spiders}}
{{Taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Nicodamidae
| name = Red and black spiders
| image = Megadictyna thilenii male.jpg
| image = Dimidamus dimidiatus. male. Nicodamidae. Genus,Durodamidae - Flickr - gailhampshire.jpg
| image_caption = male ''[[Megadictyna thilenii]]'' from [[New Zealand]]
| image_caption = Male ''[[Dimidamus dimidiatus]]''
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| taxon = Nicodamidae
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1897
⚫
| range_map = <!--Distribution.nicodamidae.1.png out of date-->
| classis = [[Arachnid]]a
| diversity = [[#Taxonomy|7 genera]], [[List of Nicodamidae species|31 species]]
| ordo = [[Spider|Araneae]]
| subordo = [[Araneomorphae]]
| familia = '''Nicodamidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1898
⚫
| diversity_link = List of Nicodamidae species
| diversity = 9 genera, 29 species
⚫
| range_map = Distribution.nicodamidae.1.png
| range_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
see text
}}
}}
⚫
'''Nicodamidae''' is a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s with about thirty species in seven genera.<ref name=NMBE /> They are small to medium-sized spiders found near the ground of eucalypt forest in small sheet webs. The species of this family are only present in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In most cases the cephalothorax and legs are uniformly red and the abdomen black, for which these species are sometimes called the "red and black spiders".


==Taxonomy==
The '''Nicodamidae''' are a [[spider]] family with 29 species in nine genera.
The family Nicodamidae was established by [[Eugène Simon]] in 1897 for his newly described species ''Nicodamus dimidiatus''<ref name=Simo97>{{cite journal| language=la| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1897| title=Description d'arachnides nouveaux| journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique| volume=41| pages=8–17}}</ref> (now ''[[Dimidamus dimidiatus]]''). [[Mark Harvey (arachnologist)|Mark Harvey]] published a major review of the family in 1995. At the time of the review, only two genera were accepted, ''[[Nicodamus]]'' from Australia and [[New Guinea]], and ''[[Megadictyna]]'' from New Zealand. Based on a morphological [[cladistics|cladistic analysis]], Harvey divided the family into two subfamilies, Nicodaminae and Megadictyninae, and erected seven new genera.<ref name=Harv95>{{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=M.S. |date=1995 |title=The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae (Araneae: Amaurobioidea) |journal=Invertebrate Taxonomy |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=279–386|doi=10.1071/IT9950279 }}</ref> In 1967, [[Pekka T. Lehtinen]] proposed that [[Megadictynidae]] constituted a separate family, but this was not accepted by Harvey. On the basis of [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] analysis, Dimitrov et al. re-established Megadictynidae in 2017, reducing Nicodamidae to seven genera.<ref name=NMBE/>


===Genera===
⚫
They are small to medium-sized spiders found in small sheet webs close to the ground in eucalypt forests. In most cases the cephalothorax and legs are uniformly red and the abdomen black, for which these species are sometimes called the '''red and black spider'''.
⚫
{{main|List of Nicodamidae species}}

{{as of|2019|04}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepts the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Nicodamidae Simon, 1897| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2019-04-22| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/64}}</ref>
==Distribution==
{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}}
The species of this family are only present in [[New Zealand]] and the [[Australia]]n region.
⚫
*''[[Ambicodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia

⚫
*''[[Dimidamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Papua New Guinea, Australia
==Species==
''[[Ambicodamus]]'' [[Mark Stephen Harvey|Harvey]], 1995
*''[[Durodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia
* ''[[Ambicodamus audax]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Eastern Australia)
*''[[Litodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia
⚫
*''[[Nicodamus]]'' <small>Simon, 1887</small> — Australia
* ''[[Ambicodamus crinitus]]'' (L. Koch, 1872) (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
* ''[[Ambicodamus dale]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Queensland)
*''[[Novodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia
* ''[[Ambicodamus darlingtoni]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New South Wales)
*''[[Oncodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia
{{div col end}}
* ''[[Ambicodamus emu]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Queensland)
* ''[[Ambicodamus kochi]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Western Australia)
⚫
* ''[[Ambicodamus leei]]'' Harvey, 1995 (South Australia)
* ''[[Ambicodamus marae]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Western Australia)
* ''[[Ambicodamus sororius]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
* ''[[Ambicodamus southwelli]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
* ''[[Ambicodamus urbanus]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New South Wales)

''[[Dimidamus]]'' Harvey, 1995
⚫
* ''[[Dimidamus arau]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New Guinea)
* ''[[Dimidamus dimidiatus]]'' (Simon, 1897) (Queensland, New South Wales)
* ''[[Dimidamus enaro]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New Guinea)
* ''[[Dimidamus leopoldi]]'' ([[Carl Friedrich Roewer|Roewer]], 1938) (New Guinea)
* ''[[Dimidamus sero]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New Guinea)
* ''[[Dimidamus simoni]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Victoria)

''[[Durodamus]]'' Harvey, 1995
* ''[[Durodamus yeni]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Queensland, Victoria, South Australia)

''[[Forstertyna]]'' Harvey, 1995
* ''[[Forstertyna marplesi]]'' ([[Raymond Robert Forster|Forster]], 1970) (New Zealand)

''[[Litodamus]]'' Harvey, 1995
* ''[[Litodamus collinus]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Tasmania)
* ''[[Litodamus hickmani]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Tasmania)
* ''[[Litodamus olga]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Tasmania)

''[[Megadictyna]]'' [[Friedrich Dahl|Dahl]], 1906
* ''[[Megadictyna thilenii]]'' Dahl, 1906 (New Zealand)

⚫
''[[Nicodamus]]'' [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1887
* ''[[Nicodamus mainae]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Western Australia, South Australia)
* ''[[Nicodamus peregrinus]]'' ([[Charles Athanase Walckenaer|Walckenaer]], 1842) (Eastern Australia)

''[[Novodamus]]'' Harvey, 1995
* ''[[Novodamus nodatus]]'' ([[Friedrich Karsch|Karsch]], 1878) (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania)
* ''[[Novodamus supernus]]'' Harvey, 1995 (New South Wales)

''[[Oncodamus]]'' Harvey, 1995
* ''[[Oncodamus bidens]]'' (Karsch, 1878) (New South Wales)
* ''[[Oncodamus decipiens]]'' Harvey, 1995 (Queensland, New South Wales)


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of Nicodamidae species]]
* [[List of Nicodamidae species]]
* [[Spider families]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Harvey, M.S. (1995). The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae ( Araneae: Amaurobioidea). ''Invertebrate Taxonomy'' 9(2):279-386


==External links==
==External links==
{{wikispecies|Nicodamidae}}
{{Wikispecies|Nicodamidae}}
* [http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/516.htm Picture of a ''Durodamus'' species]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060706033856/http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/spiders/516.htm Picture of a ''Durodamus'' species]


{{Spider-stub}}
{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q10961}}

[[Category:Nicodamidae| ]]
[[Category:Araneomorphae families]]


{{Araneae}}


[[Category:Araneomorphae]]
{{Araneomorphae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:11, 20 May 2021

Red and black spiders
Male Dimidamus dimidiatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Nicodamidae
Simon, 1897
Diversity
7 genera, 31 species

Nicodamidae is a family of araneomorph spiders with about thirty species in seven genera.[1] They are small to medium-sized spiders found near the ground of eucalypt forest in small sheet webs. The species of this family are only present in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In most cases the cephalothorax and legs are uniformly red and the abdomen black, for which these species are sometimes called the "red and black spiders".

Taxonomy[edit]

The family Nicodamidae was established by Eugène Simon in 1897 for his newly described species Nicodamus dimidiatus[2] (now Dimidamus dimidiatus). Mark Harvey published a major review of the family in 1995. At the time of the review, only two genera were accepted, Nicodamus from Australia and New Guinea, and Megadictyna from New Zealand. Based on a morphological cladistic analysis, Harvey divided the family into two subfamilies, Nicodaminae and Megadictyninae, and erected seven new genera.[3] In 1967, Pekka T. Lehtinen proposed that Megadictynidae constituted a separate family, but this was not accepted by Harvey. On the basis of molecular phylogenetic analysis, Dimitrov et al. re-established Megadictynidae in 2017, reducing Nicodamidae to seven genera.[1]

Genera[edit]

Main article: List of Nicodamidae species

As of April 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[1]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Family: Nicodamidae Simon, 1897". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
  2. ^ Simon, E. (1897). "Description d'arachnides nouveaux". Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (in Latin). 41: 8–17.
  3. ^ Harvey, M.S. (1995). "The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae (Araneae: Amaurobioidea)". Invertebrate Taxonomy. 9 (2): 279–386. doi:10.1071/IT9950279.

External links[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to Nicodamidae.


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