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{{Short description|Family of viruses}}
{{taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| virus_group = iv
{{Virusbox
⚫
| familia = '''''Nodaviridae'''''
| image = Journal.ppat.1005203.g001.D.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = [[Crystal structure]] of grouper nervous necrosis virus a [[fish|piscine]] [[betanodavirus]]
⚫
| taxon = Nodaviridae
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
⚫
*''[[Betanodavirus]]''
⚫
*''[[Alphanodavirus]]''
}}
}}


'''''Nodaviridae''''' is a family of [[viruses]] . Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as natural hosts. There are currently nine species in this family, divided among 2 genera. Diseases associated with this family include: betanodaviruses: viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in fishes.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/47.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref>
'''''Nodaviridae''''' is a family of [[nonenveloped]] [[positive-strand RNA virus]]es.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sahul Hameed |first1=AS |last2=Ninawe |first2=AS |last3=Nakai |first3=T |last4=Chi |first4=SC |last5=Johnson |first5=KL |last6=ICTV Report |first6=Consortium |title=ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nodaviridae. |journal=The Journal of General Virology |date=January 2019 |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=3–4 |doi=10.1099/jgv.0.001170 |pmid=30431412|doi-access=free |s2cid=53435394 }}</ref> Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this family include: viral [[encephalopathy]] and [[retinopathy]] in fish. There are nine species in the family, assigned to two genera.<ref name= ICTV>{{cite web |title=ICTV Report Nodaviridae |url=http://www.ictv.global/report/nodaviridae}}</ref><ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/47.html|publisher=ExPASy|access-date=15 June 2015}}</ref>


==Virology==
==History==
The name of the family is derived from the [[Japan]]ese village of Nodamura, [[Iwate Prefecture]] where Nodamura virus was first isolated from ''[[Culex tritaeniorhynchus]]'' mosquitoes.{{cn|date=October 2022}}


== Virology ==
⚫
The virus is not enveloped and has an icosahedral capsid (triangulation number = 3) ranging from 29 to 35&nbsp;nm in diameter. The [[capsid]] is constructed of 32 capsomers.<ref name=ICTVdb/><ref name=Leicester/>


===Structure===
⚫
The genome is linear, positive sense, bipartite (composed of two segments—RNA1 and RNA2) single stranded [[RNA]] consisting of 4500 [[nucleotide]]s with a 5’ terminal [[Methylation|methylated]] cap and a non-polyadenylated 3’ terminal.<ref name=ICTVdb/><ref name=Leicester/>
⚫
The virus is not enveloped and has an icosahedral capsid (triangulation number = 3) ranging from 29 to 35&nbsp;nm in diameter. The [[capsid]] is constructed of 32 capsomers.<ref name=ICTV/>


=== Genome ===
⚫
RNA1, which is ~3.1 kilobases in length, translates encodes a protein that has multiple functional domains: a mitochondrial targeting domain, a transmembrane domain, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, a self-interaction domain and an RNA capping domain. In addition, RNA1 encodes a subgenomic RNA3 that translates protein B2, an RNA silencing inhibitor.<ref name=ICTVdb/><ref name=Leicester/>
[[File:Elife-25940-fig1-v2.jpg|thumb|[[Flock House virus]] genome and functional map of [[RNA-dependent RNA polymerase|replicase]] protein A.]]
⚫
The genome is linear, positive sense, bipartite (composed of two segments – RNA1 and RNA2) single stranded [[RNA]] consisting of 4500 [[nucleotide]]s with a 5’ terminal [[Methylation|methylated]] cap and a non-polyadenylated 3’ terminal.<ref name=ICTV/>


⚫
RNA1, which is ~3.1 kilobases in length, encodes a protein that has multiple functional domains: a mitochondrial targeting domain, a transmembrane domain, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, a self-interaction domain and an RNA capping domain. In addition, RNA1 encodes a subgenomic RNA3 that encodes protein B2, an RNA silencing inhibitor.<ref name=ICTV/>
⚫
RNA2 encodes protein α, a viral capsid protein precursor, which is auto-cleaved into two mature proteins, a 38 kDa β protein and a 5 kDa γ protein, at a conserved [[Asparagine|Asn]]/[[Alanine|Ala]] site during virus assembly.<ref name=ICTVdb/><ref name=Leicester/>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic Arrangement !! Genomic Segmentation
|-
|Betanodavirus||Icosahedral||T=3||Non-Enveloped||Linear||Segmented
|-
|Alphanodavirus||Icosahedral||T=3||Non-Enveloped||Linear||Segmented
|}


⚫
RNA2 encodes protein α, a viral capsid protein precursor, which is auto-cleaved into two mature proteins, a 38 kDa β protein and a 5 kDa γ protein, at a conserved [[Asparagine|Asn]]/[[Alanine|Ala]] site during virus assembly.<ref name="ICTV" />
⚫
==Life Cycle==
⚫
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription, using the internal initiation model of subgenomic rna transcription is the method of transcription. Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact and contamination.<ref name=ViralZone />


⚫
===Life cycle===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
⚫
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using the internal initiation model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact and contamination.<ref name=ICTV/><ref name=ViralZone />
|-
! Genus !! Host Details !! Tissue Tropism !! Entry Details !! Release Details !! Replication Site !! Assembly Site !! Transmission
|-
|Betanodavirus||Fish||None||Unknown||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion, direct contact
|-
|Alphanodavirus||Insects, mammals, fishes.||None||Unknown||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Unknown
|}


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
⚫
The members of the genus ''Alphanodavirus'' were originally isolated from insects while those of the genus ''Betanodavirus'' were isolated from fish. A small number of nodoviruses seem to lie outside either of these clades.<ref name=ICTV/> ''[[Flock house virus]]'' (FHV) is the best studied of the nodaviruses.<ref name="ICTV" /> There are nine species in this family, assigned to two genera:<ref name="ICTV" />


{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
⚫
The members of the alphanodoviridae were originally isolated from insects while those of the betanodoviridae were isolated from fish. A small number of nodoviruses seem to lie outside either of these clades.<ref name=ICTVdb/><ref name=Leicester/>
⚫
* ''[[Alphanodavirus]]''

** ''[[Black beetle virus]]''
<big>'''Group: ssRNA(+)'''</big>
⚫
** ''[[Boolarra virus]]''
{{Collapsible list|title= <big>Order: Unassigned</big>
** ''[[Flock House virus]]''
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Family: Nodaviridae
** ''[[Nodamura virus]]''
|1={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: [[Alphanodavirus]]</small>}}
*<small>[[Black beetle virus]]</small>
** ''[[Pariacoto virus]]''
⚫
* ''[[Betanodavirus]]''
⚫
*<small>[[Boolarra virus]]</small>
*<small>[[Flock House virus]]</small>
** ''[[Barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus]]''
*<small>'''''[[Nodamura virus]]'''''</small>
** ''[[Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus]]''
⚫
** ''[[Striped jack nervous necrosis virus]]''
*<small>[[Pariacoto virus]]</small>
⚫
** ''[[Tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus]]''
{{hidden end}}
{{div col end}}
|2={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: [[Betanodavirus]]</small>}}
*<small>[[Barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus]]</small>
*<small>[[Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus]]</small>
⚫
*<small>'''''[[Striped jack nervous necrosis virus]]'''''</small>
⚫
*<small>[[Tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus]]</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}
}}<ref name=ICTV />

While NoV remains the type species for this group, ''[[Flock house virus]]'' (FHV) is the best studied of the Nodaviruses.<ref name=ICTVdb>[http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/ICTVdB/WWW/00045FAM.htm International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]</ref><ref name=Leicester>[http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/VirusGroups.html University of Leicester]</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 69: Line 52:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.ictv.global/report/nodaviridae '''ICTV Report:''' ''Nodaviridae'']
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/47.html '''Viralzone''': Nodaviridae]
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/47.html '''Viralzone''': Nodaviridae]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Baltimore classification}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q3772908}}
⚫
[[Category:RNA viruses]]

[[Category:Nodaviridae]]
[[Category:Nodaviridae| ]]
[[Category:Virus families]]
[[Category:Fish viral diseases]]
[[Category:Insect viral diseases]]
⚫
[[Category:Riboviria]]

Latest revision as of 13:00, 16 January 2024

Nodaviridae
Crystal structure of grouper nervous necrosis virus a piscine betanodavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Magsaviricetes
Order: Nodamuvirales
Family: Nodaviridae

Nodaviridae is a family of nonenveloped positive-strand RNA viruses.[1] Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this family include: viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in fish. There are nine species in the family, assigned to two genera.[2][3]

History[edit]

The name of the family is derived from the Japanese village of Nodamura, Iwate Prefecture where Nodamura virus was first isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes.[citation needed]

Virology[edit]

Structure[edit]

The virus is not enveloped and has an icosahedral capsid (triangulation number = 3) ranging from 29 to 35 nm in diameter. The capsid is constructed of 32 capsomers.[2]

Genome[edit]

Flock House virus genome and functional map of replicase protein A.

The genome is linear, positive sense, bipartite (composed of two segments – RNA1 and RNA2) single stranded RNA consisting of 4500 nucleotides with a 5’ terminal methylated cap and a non-polyadenylated 3’ terminal.[2]

RNA1, which is ~3.1 kilobases in length, encodes a protein that has multiple functional domains: a mitochondrial targeting domain, a transmembrane domain, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, a self-interaction domain and an RNA capping domain. In addition, RNA1 encodes a subgenomic RNA3 that encodes protein B2, an RNA silencing inhibitor.[2]

RNA2 encodes protein α, a viral capsid protein precursor, which is auto-cleaved into two mature proteins, a 38 kDa β protein and a 5 kDa γ protein, at a conserved Asn/Ala site during virus assembly.[2]

Life cycle[edit]

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using the internal initiation model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. Vertebrates and invertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are contact and contamination.[2][3]

Taxonomy[edit]

The members of the genus Alphanodavirus were originally isolated from insects while those of the genus Betanodavirus were isolated from fish. A small number of nodoviruses seem to lie outside either of these clades.[2] Flock house virus (FHV) is the best studied of the nodaviruses.[2] There are nine species in this family, assigned to two genera:[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Sahul Hameed, AS; Ninawe, AS; Nakai, T; Chi, SC; Johnson, KL; ICTV Report, Consortium (January 2019). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nodaviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 100 (1): 3–4. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001170. PMID 30431412. S2CID 53435394.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "ICTV Report Nodaviridae".
  3. ^ a b "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nodaviridae&oldid=1196125140"