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{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| virus_group = i
{{Virusbox
| ordo = ''[[Caudovirales]]''
| image =
| familia = ''[[Myoviridae]]''
| image_alt =
| subfamilia = ''[[Tevenvirinae]]''
| image_caption =
| genus = '''''T4likevirus'''''
| taxon = Tequatrovirus
| type_species = ''[[Enterobacteria phage T4]]''
| synonyms = ''T4virus''
| synonyms_ref =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
}}


'''''T4-like viruses''''' are a genus of [[virus]]es in the order [[Caudovirales]], in the family [[Myoviridae]], in the subfamily [[Tevenvirinae]]. Bacteria and [[gram-negative bacteria]] serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently fourteen species in this genus, including the type species ''[[Enterobacteria phage T4]]''.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/504.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV /><ref name=NCBI />
'''''Tequatrovirus''''' is a genus of [[virus]]es in subfamily ''[[Tevenvirinae]]'' of family ''[[Straboviridae]]''.<ref name=ictv>{{cite taxon|ictv|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2023 Release |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> [[Gram-negative bacteria]] serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 84 species in this genus.<ref name=ictv/>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The following species are assigned to the genus:<ref name=ictv />
<big>'''Group: dsDNA'''</big>

{{Collapsible list|title= <big>Order: [[Caudovirales]]</big>
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Family: [[Myoviridae]]
* ''[[Escherichia virus CF2]]''
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Sub-Family: [[Tevenvirinae]]
* ''[[Tequatrovirus aplgate]]''
|1={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: T4likevirus</small>}}
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ar1]]''
*<small>[[Aeromonas phage 25]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus c40]]''
*<small>[[Aeromonas phage 31]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus cm8]]''
*<small>[[Aeromonas phage 44RR2.8t]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus cromcrrp10]]''
*<small>[[Enterobacteria phage SV14]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus deeone]]''
*<small>'''''[[Enterobacteria phage T4]]'''''</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus e112]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage JS98]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ec04]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage phi1]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ec121]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB14]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecml134]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB16]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecnp1]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB32]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecombl75]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB43]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecomdalca]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB49]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecomg28]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB69]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecomim339]]''
*<small>[[Pseudomonas phage 42]]</small>
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecomime340]]''
{{hidden end}}
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecomnbg2]]''
}}
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ecomufv133]]''
}}
* ''[[Tequatrovirus effone]]''
}}
* ''[[Tequatrovirus efftwo]]''
<ref name=ICTV />
* ''[[Tequatrovirus fps2]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus fps65]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus fps90]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus gee4498]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus gee4507]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus gee50]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus gee9062]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus geeight]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus gizh]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus hy01]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus hy03]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ime09]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ime537]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus jaykay]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus kaw]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus kha5h]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus kit03]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus knp5]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus lutter]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus mlf4]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus nbeco]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus oe5505]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ozark]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus pd112]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus pe37]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus pp01]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus pss1]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus pst]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus pyps2t]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus RB14]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus RB18]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus RB27]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus RB3]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus RB32]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus RB51]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus sf21]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus sf22]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus sf23]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus sf24]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus sgallinarium]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus sh7]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus SHBML501]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus shfl2]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus shfml11]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus shfml26]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus slur02]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus slur03]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus slur07]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus snuabm]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus T2]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus T4]]'' (formerly ''[[Escherichia virus T4]]'')
* ''[[Tequatrovirus T6]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus teqdroes]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus teqhad]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus teqskov]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus ufvareg1]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus vipecoom]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus vtec]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus yueel1]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus zeen18]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus zeezee23]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus zeezeesix]]''
* ''[[Tequatrovirus zeezeethirty]]''
{{div col end}}


==Structure==
==Structure==
T4likeviruses are [[viral envelope|nonenveloped]], with a head and tail. The head is a [[prolate spheroid]] approximately 120&nbsp;nm in length and 86&nbsp;nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has 6 long terminal fibers, 6 short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.<ref name=ViralZone />
''Tequatrovirus'' species are [[viral envelope|nonenveloped]], with a head and tail. The head is a [[prolate spheroid]] approximately 120&nbsp;nm in length and 86&nbsp;nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has six long terminal fibers, six short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/504.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic Arrangement !! Genomic Segmentation
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|-
|T4likevirus||Head-Tail||T=13 Q=21||Non-Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|''Tequatrovirus''||Head-Tail||T=13 Q=21||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|}
|}


==Genome==
==Genome==
Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins.<ref name=ViralZone/> Twelve of the fourteen species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?opt=phage&taxid=10663], along with the complete genome for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains.<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web|last1=NCBI|title=T4likevirus Complete Genomes|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?opt=phage&taxid=10663|accessdate=13 February 2015}}</ref>
Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins.<ref name=ViralZone/> Some species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]], along with the complete genomes for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains.<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web|last1=NCBI|title=T4virus Complete Genomes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?opt=phage&taxid=10663|accessdate=13 February 2015}}</ref>


==Life cycle==
==Life cycle==
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria and gram-negative serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone />
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and [[T4 holin|holin]]/[[endolysin]]/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Host Details !! Tissue Tropism !! Entry Details !! Release Details !! Replication Site !! Assembly Site !! Transmission
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|-
|T4likevirus||Bacteria: gram negative||None||Injection||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion
|''Tequatrovirus''||Bacteria: gram negative||None||Injection||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion
|}
|}


==History==
==History==
The [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]'s first report (1971) included the genus ''T-even phages'', unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily. The genus was renamed in 1976 to ''T-even phage group'', moved into the newly created family ''Myoviridae'' in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to ''T4-like phages'', and was moved into the newly created order ''Caudovirales'' in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to ''T4-like viruses''. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily ''Tevenvirinae'' in 2010-11, and finally renamed to '''''T4likevirus''''' in 2012. The proposals before 1993, and from 1998 are unavailable online. The other proposals are available here: [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf 1993], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf 1999], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2009.007a-rB.A.v3.Tevenvirinae.pdf 2010], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2011.010aB.A.v2.Caudovirales_genus-ren.pdf 2012].<ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2013 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=13 February 2015}}</ref>
The [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]'s first report (1971) included the genus ''T-even phages'', unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily.<ref name=Tequatrovirus-history>{{cite taxon|ictv|title=History of the taxon: genus ''Tequatrovirus'' |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202300323&taxon_name=Tequatrovirus |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> The genus was renamed in 1976 to ''T-even phage group'', moved into the newly created family ''Myoviridae'' in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to ''T4-like phages'', and was moved into the newly created order ''Caudovirales'' in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to '''''T4-like viruses'''''. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily ''Tevenvirinae'' in 2010-11, renamed to '''''T4likevirus''''' in 2012, and renamed again to ''T4virus'' in 2015. In 2021, the subfamily ''Tevenvirinae'' was moved to the new family ''[[Straboviridae]]''.<ref name=Tequatrovirus-history/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External Links==
==External links==
* [https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=202300323&taxon_name=Tequatrovirus History of ''Tequatrovirus'' classification] (with links to all reports)
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/504.html '''Viralzone''': T4likevirus]
** Selected reports: [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf 1993], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf 1999], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2009.007a-rB.A.v3.Tevenvirinae.pdf 2010], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2011.010aB.A.v2.Caudovirales_genus-ren.pdf 2012].
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/504.html '''Viralzone''': T4virus]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q69866765|from2=Q4348591}}


[[Category:Caudovirales]]
[[Category:Myoviridae]]
[[Category:Tevenvirinae]]
[[Category:Tevenvirinae]]
[[Category:Virus genera]]

Latest revision as of 13:56, 10 June 2024

Tequatrovirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Family: Straboviridae
Subfamily: Tevenvirinae
Genus: Tequatrovirus
Species

See text

Synonyms

T4virus

Tequatrovirus is a genus of viruses in subfamily Tevenvirinae of family Straboviridae.[1] Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 84 species in this genus.[1]

Taxonomy[edit]

The following species are assigned to the genus:[1]

Structure[edit]

Tequatrovirus species are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head is a prolate spheroid approximately 120 nm in length and 86 nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has six long terminal fibers, six short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.[2]


Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Tequatrovirus Head-Tail T=13 Q=21 Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite

Genome[edit]

Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins.[2] Some species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, along with the complete genomes for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains.[3]

Life cycle[edit]

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[2]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Tequatrovirus Bacteria: gram negative None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion

History[edit]

The ICTV's first report (1971) included the genus T-even phages, unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily.[4] The genus was renamed in 1976 to T-even phage group, moved into the newly created family Myoviridae in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to T4-like phages, and was moved into the newly created order Caudovirales in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to T4-like viruses. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily Tevenvirinae in 2010-11, renamed to T4likevirus in 2012, and renamed again to T4virus in 2015. In 2021, the subfamily Tevenvirinae was moved to the new family Straboviridae.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). "Virus Taxonomy: 2023 Release". ictv.global. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  2. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  3. ^ NCBI. "T4virus Complete Genomes". Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  4. ^ a b International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). "History of the taxon: genus Tequatrovirus". ictv.global. Retrieved 10 June 2024.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tequatrovirus&oldid=1228301225"