Nicodamidae: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Family of spiders}} |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
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| name = Red and black spiders |
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| image = Megadictyna thilenii male.jpg |
| image = Megadictyna thilenii male.jpg |
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| image_caption = |
| image_caption = ''[[Megadictyna thilenii]]'', male, from [[New Zealand]] |
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| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], |
| authority = [[Eugène Simon|Simon]], 1897 |
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| diversity = 7 genera, 27 species |
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| diversity_ref = <ref name=WSC_fd64/> |
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| range_map = <!--Distribution.nicodamidae.1.png out of date--> |
| range_map = <!--Distribution.nicodamidae.1.png out of date--> |
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| diversity = [[#Taxonomy|7 genera]], [[List of Nicodamidae species|31 species]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
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| subdivision = See text. |
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| ⚫ | '''Nicodamidae''' is a family of [[Araneomorphae|araneomorph]] [[spider]]s with about thirty species in seven genera.<ref name=NMBE /> They are small to medium-sized spiders found near the ground of eucalypt forests in small sheet webs. The species of this family are only present in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In most cases the cephalothorax and legs are uniformly red and the abdomen black, for which these species are sometimes called the "red and black spider". |
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The '''Nicodamidae''' are a [[spider]] family with seven accepted genera, {{as of|2017|August|lc=yes}}.<ref name=WSC_fd64/> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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The family Nicodamidae was established by [[Eugène Simon]] in |
The family Nicodamidae was established by [[Eugène Simon]] in 1897 for his newly described species ''Nicodamus dimidiatus''<ref name=Simo97>{{cite journal| language=la| last=Simon| first=E.| year=1897| title=Description d'arachnides nouveaux| journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique| volume=41| pages=8-17}}</ref> (now ''[[Dimidamus dimidiatus]]''). [[Mark Harvey (arachnologist)|Mark Harvey]] published a major review of the family in 1995. At the time of the review, only two genera were accepted, ''[[Nicodamus]]'' from Australia and [[New Guinea]], and ''[[Megadictyna]]'' from New Zealand. Based on a morphological [[cladistics|cladistic analysis]], Harvey divided the family into two subfamilies, Nicodaminae and Megadictyninae, and erected seven new genera.<ref name=Harv95>{{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=M.S. |date=1995 |title=The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae (Araneae: Amaurobioidea) |journal=Invertebrate Taxonomy |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=279–386}}</ref> In 1967, [[Pekka T. Lehtinen]] proposed that [[Megadictynidae]] constituted a separate family, but this was not accepted by Harvey. On the basis of [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] analysis, Dimitrov et al. re-established Megadictynidae in 2017, reducing Nicodamidae to seven genera.<ref name=NMBE/> |
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===Genera=== |
===Genera=== |
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{{As of|2017|August}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera:<ref name=WSC_f64/> |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em|small=yes}} |
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*''[[ |
*''[[Ambicodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia |
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*''[[ |
*''[[Dimidamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Papua New Guinea, Australia |
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*''[[ |
*''[[Durodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia |
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*''[[ |
*''[[Litodamus]]'' <small>Harvey, 1995</small> — Australia |
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*''[[ |
*''[[Nicodamus]]'' <small>Simon, 1887</small> — Australia |
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==Distribution== |
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{{div col end}} |
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The species of this family are only present in Australia and New Guinea.<ref name=WSC_f64/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[List of Nicodamidae species]] |
* [[List of Nicodamidae species]] |
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* [[Spider families]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist}} |
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<ref name=Harv95>{{Citation |last1=Harvey |first1=M.S. |date=1995 |title=The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae (Araneae: Amaurobioidea) |journal=Invertebrate Taxonomy |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=279–386 }}</ref> |
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<ref name=Simo97>{{Citation |last1=Simon |first1=E. |date=1897 |title=Description d'arachnides nouveaux |journal=Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique |volume=41 |pages=8–17 |language=la }}</ref> |
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<ref name=WSC_fd64>{{citation |title=Family: Nicodamidae Simon, 1897 (family detail) |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/familydetail/64 |accessdate=2017-08-15 }}</ref> |
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}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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[[Category:Nicodamidae| ]] |
[[Category:Nicodamidae| ]] |
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[[Category:Araneomorphae families]] |
[[Category:Araneomorphae families]] |
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{{Araneomorphae-stub}} |
{{Araneomorphae-stub}} |
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Revision as of 19:41, 22 April 2019
| Red and black spiders | |
|---|---|
| |
| Megadictyna thilenii, male, from New Zealand | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Nicodamidae Simon, 1897 |
| Diversity | |
| 7 genera, 31 species | |
Nicodamidae is a family of araneomorph spiders with about thirty species in seven genera.[1] They are small to medium-sized spiders found near the ground of eucalypt forests in small sheet webs. The species of this family are only present in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In most cases the cephalothorax and legs are uniformly red and the abdomen black, for which these species are sometimes called the "red and black spider".
Taxonomy
The family Nicodamidae was established by Eugène Simon in 1897 for his newly described species Nicodamus dimidiatus[2] (now Dimidamus dimidiatus). Mark Harvey published a major review of the family in 1995. At the time of the review, only two genera were accepted, Nicodamus from Australia and New Guinea, and Megadictyna from New Zealand. Based on a morphological cladistic analysis, Harvey divided the family into two subfamilies, Nicodaminae and Megadictyninae, and erected seven new genera.[3] In 1967, Pekka T. Lehtinen proposed that Megadictynidae constituted a separate family, but this was not accepted by Harvey. On the basis of molecular phylogenetic analysis, Dimitrov et al. re-established Megadictynidae in 2017, reducing Nicodamidae to seven genera.[1]
Genera
As of April 2019[update], the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera:[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Family: Nicodamidae Simon, 1897". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
- ^ Simon, E. (1897). "Description d'arachnides nouveaux". Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique (in Latin). 41: 8–17.
- ^ Harvey, M.S. (1995). "The systematics of the spider family Nicodamidae (Araneae: Amaurobioidea)". Invertebrate Taxonomy. 9 (2): 279–386.
External links
Wikispecies has information related to Nicodamidae.
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