List of nicknames of presidents of the United States

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List of United States Presidential names contains lists of nicknames, name origins, and the first, middle and last names of each President of the United States. Most of the nicknames listed are political, such as "Tricky Dick", which belonged to Richard Nixon, initialisms like '"T.R." (Teddy Roosevelt), personal nicknames, as in James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. or personal endearments, such as "The Gipper", given to Ronald Reagan.

Presidential nicknames

43 — George Walker Bush

  • Dubya[1] From the Texan pronunciation of 'W', this originated as a family nickname to distinguish him from his father
  • 43 or Bush 43,Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Bush the Younger,[2] Bush II,[3] and Bush fils[4] All used to distinguish George W. Bush from George H.W. Bush
  • Bushie[5] Also used to refer to wife Laura
  • The Shrub[6] or simply Shrub Coined by Molly Ivins. Bush Junior is notably smaller than his father, and a little bush is a shrub.
  • Temporary[7] Bush's nickname in Skull and Bones, never altered by Bush
  • King George (II)[8] Based on comparisons to George III of the United Kingdom, who is often known to Americans simply as "King George" for his association with the American Revolution. The "II" may refer either to Bush's being a successor (though not directly) to a father with the same name (the "first George") or to a misconception that George III was the first English king with that name, thus making Bush the "second."
  • Uncurious George[9] or Incurious George[10] or Spurious George [11] Comparing him with the monkey character Curious George
  • AWOL Bush[12][13][14] Often rendered as aWol Bush: referring to an alleged period of unauthorized leave of absence by Bush during his Vietnam War service in the Texas National Guard
  • The Decider and The Decider-In-Chief[15] Bush said "I'm the decider" in remarks about Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld on April 18, 2006
  • The Commander Guy[16] [17] Bush gave himself this nickname on May 2 2007, saying "My position is clear - I'm the commander guy."
  • Resident Bush[18]
  • The Leaker-in-Chief[19] In April, 2006, former White House official Lewis Libby claimed that President Bush had authorized him to leak from an intelligence document about Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq
  • The Velcro President[20] A contrast to the "Teflon" nicknames given to Reagan and Clinton; most scandals appear to "stick" to Bush.

42 — William Jefferson Clinton

  • Will[21] He was known as 'Bill Clinton', or more formally as 'William J. Clinton' or 'William Jefferson Clinton': but never as 'William Clinton'
  • The First Black President[22] Coined by Chris Rock, later used by Toni Morrison
  • The Comeback Kid[23] Coined by press after strong second place showing in 1992 New Hampshire Primary, following polling slump due to character attacks
  • Slick Willie[24] Coined by Paul Greenberg, Editorial page editor, Arkansas Democrat Gazette, in 1980
  • Teflon Bill[25] Given to him for the same reason that "Teflon Ron" was given to Reagan: because none of the scandals afflicting his administration seemed to stick to him.
  • Bubba[26][27] Nickname that suggests association with the Southern United States.

41 — George Herbert Walker Bush

  • Poppy[28] Family nickname used within his personal circle rather than publicly
  • Bush 41Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Bush the Elder [29] and Papa Bush[30] Only applied to him after his son became president, in order to distinguish between the two of them
  • The Résumé Candidate [31] An expression which suggests that he had a good record of public service but lacked popular appeal
  • The Wimp President[32] Given to him by Newsweek in 1988. In June, 1991, Bush remarked that he would "never forgive" the magazine for their insult
  • Old Read My Lips[33] Commemorating his 1988 election pledge: “Read my lips — no new taxes!”, which he failed to keep

40 — Ronald Wilson Reagan

  • The Gipper[34] After his role as George "The Gipper" Gipp in the film Knute Rockne, All American. Gipp's exhortation to his team-mates to "Win one for the Gipper" came in useful during Reagan's election campaigns
  • The Great Communicator[35] As much an attempt by media pundits to account for Reagan's electoral success as a compliment
  • The Great Prevaricator[36]
  • Dutch[37] Because of his "Dutch-boy" haircut when he was a youth
  • Bonzo[38] From his role in the film, Bedtime for Bonzo. Note, however, that the character of Bonzo was portrayed not by Reagan himself but by a chimp who costarred with him
  • Ronnie Raygun[39] Joking reference to the "Star Wars" Strategic Defense Initiative
  • The Teflon President[40] or Teflon Ron[41] Because none of the scandals during his administration seemed to stick to him.

39 — James Earl Carter, Jr.

  • Jimmy[42] First President to use his nickname in an official capacity. He was known as ‘Jimmy Carter’, ‘James Earl Carter’ or ‘James Earl Carter, Jr.’. He was never called ‘James Carter’ or ‘James E. Carter’
  • The Peanut Farmer[43] or The Peanut President [44] References to one of his pre-presidential occupations
  • The Grin[45] For his trademark toothy grin
  • Cousin Hot[46] or Hot Shot[47] His nicknames at U.S. Navy officer training school in World War II

38 — Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.

  • Jerry[48] Usually, "Jerry" is short for Jeremiah, Jeremy or Jerome; while Gerald or Gerard are normally shortened to "Gerry". For some reason, "Jerry" Ford was an exception to this rule
  • The Accidental President[49] Ford was the most "accidental" president of them all. Unlike the other men who have assumed the Presidency because of the unexpected departure of the incumbent, Ford had never even been elected in the capacity of vice president
  • Mr. Nice Guy[50] Because of his clean-cut and non-partisan image
  • Jerry the Jerk[51] Coined by William Loeb, editor of the Manchester Union Leader (New Hampshire) in 1976

37 — Richard Milhous Nixon

  • Dick [52] When he announced his (short-lived) retirement from politics after failing to become Governor of California in 1962, he told the media, "You won't have Dick Nixon to kick around any more".
  • Tricky Dick[53] (also, Tricky Dickie) Coined by Democratic politician Helen Gahagan Douglas during the 1950 U.S. Senate race in California, in reference to Nixon's use of dirty tricks during the campaign.
  • The Trickster [54] A variant of "Tricky Dick"
  • Richard the Chicken-Hearted[55] For his refusal to face his Democratic opponent, Hubert Humphrey, in debate during the 1968 election campaign.
  • The Mad Bomber[56] Reference to Nixon's large-scale bombing of Cambodia, Laos, and North Vietnam during the Vietnam War; this was partly a self-cultivated image, intended to inspire fear in the leaders of North Vietnam (and other countries) in order to achieve a peace agreement on terms favorable to the United States.
  • The Mad Monk[57] Given to him by White House aide John Ehrlichman and alluded to in the television series, "Washington Behind Closed Doors" (Paramount, 1977) by the Nixon-equivalent character being named "Richard Monckton"[58].
  • Iron Butt[59] Law school nickname because he studied so hard
  • Gloomy Gus[60] Another nickname awarded by his fellow students at Duke University Law School, referring to his serious nature

36 — Lyndon Baines Johnson

  • L.B.J.[61] He liked to be known by this abbreviation, which was used in the slogan, “All the way with L.B.J.”. Coincidentally, when he married Claudia Taylor, who had been nicknamed, “Lady Bird” since infancy, her initials also became L.B.J. The L.B.J. theme was taken to extremes when he called his dog, “Little Beagle Johnson”
  • Landslide Lyndon[62] Sarcastic reference to the hotly-disputed 87-vote win that took him to the Senate in 1949
  • Light-Bulb Johnson[63]

35 — John Fitzgerald Kennedy

  • J.F.K.[64]
  • Jack[65] Kennedy was usually referred to as either "John F. Kennedy" or "Jack Kennedy": only very rarely as "John Kennedy"
  • The King of Camelot[66] Two weeks after Kennedy’s assassination, his wife, Jacqueline, revealed that the score from the 1960 musical, "Camelot", had been one of her husband’s favorites to listen to. Parallels were then drawn between the “one brief shining moment” of King Arthur’s reign (in the musical) and the mood of idealism and optimism that had characterized Kennedy’s presidency [67]

34 — Dwight David Eisenhower

  • Ike[68] Used in the election campaign slogan, “I Like Ike”
  • The Kansas Cyclone[69] His football nickname at West Point

33 — Harry S. Truman

  • No middle name — The S stood for nothing but S; although he wrote it as "S." — with a period — to imply otherwise
  • Give 'Em Hell Harry[70] At a whistle-stop tour during the 1948 election campaign, someone in the crowd shouted out to Truman, "Give 'em hell, Harry!". The phrase stuck as a nickname, with the missing comma turning the proposition into an adjective
  • Haberdasher Harry[71] One of his several pre-presidential occupations
  • Hairy Ass Truman A play on the former president's full name and middle initial.
  • High-Tax Harry[72]
  • The New Missouri Compromise[73]
  • The Man of Independence[74] His home town was Independence, Missouri

32 — Franklin Delano Roosevelt

  • F.D.R.[75]
  • The New Dealer[76] Referring to the Roosevelt Administration's "New Deal for the American people".
  • The Boss[77]
  • King Franklin[78] For the allegedly excessive use of presidential powers in his "New Deal"
  • That Man in the White House[79] Insulting; used mostly by opponents.
  • The Champ[80]

31 — Herbert Hoover

  • The Hermit Author of Palo Alto[81]
  • The Great Humanitarian[82] When the Mississippi burst its banks in 1927, engulfing thousands of acres of agricultural land, Hoover volunteered his services and did extensive flood control work
  • The Defender of Helpless Children[83] and The Savior of Belgium[84] For his famine-relief work in Europe after World War I
  • The Great Engineer[85] He was a civil engineer of some distinction
  • Hoo-Yah and Really Damn[86] Two nicknames that he picked up while in China
  • The Chief[87]
  • The Grand Old Man[88]

30 — Calvin Coolidge

  • Silent Cal[89] A young woman once approached Coolidge and told him that she had bet her friends that she would get the President to say at least three words to her. "You lose" was the reply
  • Cool Cal[90] His re-election campaign used the slogan, "Keep It Cool With Coolidge"
  • Cautious Cal[91]
  • The Sphinx of the Potomac[92]Suggesting that he was as enigmatic as the mythological creature

29 — Warren G. Harding

28 — Woodrow Wilson

  • The Schoolmaster in Politics[95] or The Professor[96] He was a bespectacled academic; compare to Italian Prime Minister (and former President of the European Commission) Romano Prodi's nickname Il Professore (the professor/schoolteacher).
  • The Coiner of Weasel Words[97] “In 1916, Theodore Roosevelt accused President Woodrow Wilson of "weasel words", meaning that words from which the original meaning had been sucked”.[98]
  • The Phrase-Maker[99] As an acclaimed historian, Wilson had no need of speech-writers to supply his oratorical eloquence

27 — William Howard Taft

  • Big Bill[100] Taft was a very big man — the heaviest president ever. A poster for his first election campaign showed Taft and his running mate James S. Sherman, with the slogan, "Big Bill and Smilin' Jim — A Winning Combination". He was normally known as, ‘William Howard Taft’ or, informally, as ‘Bill Taft’. He was never called ‘William Taft’ or ‘William H. Taft’
  • Peaceful Bill[101]
  • Old Bill[102] His nickname at Yale University
  • Big Lub[103] Boyhood nickname
  • Godknows Taft[104] In 1912, reporters asked him, “What is a man to do who is out of work and starving?” His answer (variously interpreted as clueless or heartless) was, “God knows. I don’t.”[105]

26 — Theodore Roosevelt

  • Teddy[106] He personally disliked this nickname
  • T.R.[107] The first president to be known by his initials
  • Terrible Teddy[108]
  • Trustbuster Teddy[109] For his anti-trust legistlation. He hated this one because he thought it made him sound too radical
  • The Rough Rider[110] He raised and commanded a cavalry regiment nicknamed "The Rough Riders" in the Spanish-American War
  • Roosevelt I[111] Given retrospecively once F.D.R. had become president
  • The Cyclone Assemblyman[112] Elected to the New York State Assembly at only 23, he campaigned energetically against political corruption and for civil service reform, becoming minority leader within a year
  • The Hero of San Juan Hill[113] He led his Rough Riders up San Juan Hill during the Battle of Santiago de Cuba in 1898
  • The Lion[114]
  • Old Four Eyes[115] He was so myopic that he could only function wearing glasses
  • Theodore the Meddler[116] He was too active and legislative a president for some people's tastes

25 — William McKinley

  • The Idol of Ohio[117]
  • The Napoleon of Protection[118] He was keen on protective tariffs
  • The Stocking-Footed Orator[119]
  • The Liberator of Cuba[120] Although it took a lot of persuasion by Roosevelt and others to get him to declare war on Spain
  • Wobbly Willie[121]
  • The Major[122] A reference to his American Civil War rank: used by friends and family rather than publicly

23 — Benjamin Harrison

  • Young Tippecanoe[123] He was the grandson of "Old Tippecanoe"
  • Grandfather's Hat[124] From the 1888 election campaign song, "Grandfather's Hat Fits Ben", which suggested that he was a worthy successor to his grandfather, William Henry
  • The White House Iceberg[125] or The Human Iceberg[126] Although he could warmly engage a crowd with his speeches, he was a very cold fish when you met him one-on-one
  • Kid Gloves Harrison[127] He was prone to skin infection and often wore kid gloves to protect his hands
  • Little Ben[128] Although, at 5"6, he was only slightly below average height
  • The Front Porch Campaigner[129] During the 1888 election, he gave nearly ninety speeches from his front porch to crowds gathered in the yard of his Indianapolis home. This nickname has been widely but erroneously attributed to William McKinley
  • The Centennial President[130] He came to the presidency in the U.S.A.'s centennial year

22/24 — Grover Cleveland

  • The Hangman of Buffalo[131] As Sheriff of Buffalo, New York, he had personally hanged two men when the public executioner was not available
  • His Obstinacy[132] or The Veto President[133] He vetoed more bills than any other president
  • Uncle Jumbo[134]
  • Grover the Good[135]
  • The Beast of Buffalo[136] Because of false rumors that he was a wife-beater, spread by political opponents during the 1888 election
  • The Pretender[137]
  • The Stuffed Prophet[138] and The Elephantine Economist[139] Given to him by hostile newspapers during the 1892 presidential election, by which time his weight had gone up to 250 pounds
  • The Perpetual Candidate[140] Because he ran in three successive presidential elections

21 — Chester A. Arthur

  • Our Chet[141]
  • The Gentleman Boss[142] Elegant Arthur[143] Prince Arthur[144] or The Dude President[145] He was renowned for his fancy attire and indulgence in extravagant luxury

20 — James A. Garfield

19 — Rutherford B. Hayes

  • Rutherfraud[150] or His Fraudulency[151] or The Usurper[152] His party machine was alleged to have corruptly "stolen" the 1876 election from opponent Samuel J. Tilden
  • Old Eight-to-Seven[153] In the wake of Hayes' disputed election victory, Congress set up an electoral commission to investigate alleged misconduct by the Hayes camp. The commission comprised eight of Hayes' fellow Republicans and seven opposition Democrats, and it found in Hayes' favor by eight votes to seven! The resulting controversy led to the Compromise of 1877
  • Granny Hayes[154] and Queen Victoria in Riding Breeches[155] Hayes neither drank, smoked, nor gambled, and, together with his temperance-supporting wife, "Lemonade Lucy", maintained a very straight-laced White House — much to the disgust of some members of Washington society
  • President De Facto[156]
  • The Great Unknown[157] or The Dark Horse President[158] He had been an obscure candidate for the Republican nomination

18 — Ulysses S. Grant

  • Unconditional Surrender Grant[159] His uncompromising demand for unconditional surrender during his victory the Battle of Fort Donelson in 1862 got a lot of favorable publicity. He was seen as exactly the kind of determined commander that the Union forces needed. The fact that his initials suggested the words, "unconditional surrender" led to it being used as a nickname
  • The American Caesar[160] Honoring his role in the Union victory in the American Civil War
  • The Hero of Appomattox[161] A reference to Grant receiving the surrender of opposing General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Courthouse.
  • Useless Grant[162] The similarity between 'Ulysses' and 'Useless' was too tempting for political opponents to miss out on
  • Sam[163] Given to him at West Point because of his 'Uncle Sam' initials
  • The Galena Tanner[164] He once ran a tannery in Galena, Illinois. This had also been his father's occupation in Point Pleasant, Ohio

17 — Andrew Johnson

  • The Father of the Homestead Act[165] For his work in bringing about the Act, which was passed by President Lincoln in 1862
  • Sir Veto[166] For his persistent vetoing of bills
  • The Tennessee Tailor[167] A reference to his original occupation
  • King Andy[168]
  • Andy the Sot[169]He was known as a very heavy drinker
  • Old Andy[170]

16 — Abraham Lincoln

  • Honest Abe[171]
  • The Great Emancipator[172] and The Liberator[173] For the emancipation of the slaves
  • The Flatboatman[174] In his last year before leaving Indiana for Illinois, he operated a ferry over the Ohio River
  • The Rail-Splitter[175] From one of his several pre-political occupations
  • The Sage of Springfield[176] Lincoln was born in Kentucky and brought up in Indiana: but Springfield, Illinois, had been his home since the age of 23
  • The Abolition Emperor[177] and King Linkum the First[178] Criticizing his curtailments of civil liberties during the war of 1861–65
  • The Uncommon Friend of the Common Man[179]
  • The Illinois Ape[180] The Original Gorilla[181] The Orangutan in the Wite House[182] References both to his supposed backwoods uncouthness and his rough-hewn looks
  • The Slave Hound from Illinois[183] Given to him by William Lloyd Garrison, a radical abolitionist who felt that Lincoln was "soft" on slavery. A slave hound was a dog used to hunt down runaway slaves
  • Father Abraham[184] and Uncle Abe[185] Lincoln was a kind and friendly man who in his later years came across as avuncular
  • The Ancient One[186] A nickname favored by White House insiders because of his "ancient wisdom"
  • The Sectional President[187]
  • The Tycoon[188] For the energetic and ambitious conduct of his Civil War administration

15 — James Buchanan

  • The Sage of Wheatland[189] Wheatland was his estate near Mercersburg, Pennsylvania
  • Ten-Cent Jimmie[190] A reference to his notorious claim during the 1856 election campaign that ten cents a day was enough for a working man to live on[191]
  • Old Public Functionary[192]
  • Old Buck[193] A shortening of his surname
  • Old Fogey[194]

14 — Franklin Pierce

  • Young Hickory of the Granite Hills[195] "Young Hickory" compared his military deeds (in the Mexican War) with those of Andrew Jackson. "The Granite Hills" were his home state of New Hampshire
  • Handsome Frank[196] He is said to have found this reference to his good looks acutely embarrassing
  • The Fainting General[197] A sneering reference by political opponents to an incident during a Mexican War battle when an artillery blast blew the saddle off Pierce's horse and drove the saddle-horn hard into his abdomen, causing him to lose consciousness for a few minutes

13 — Millard Fillmore

  • The Accidental President[198]
  • The Wool-Carder President[199] One of his former occupations
  • The American Louis Philippe[200] Comparing Fillmore's allegedly luxurious White House lifestyle to that of the contemporary King of France

12 — Zachary Taylor

  • Old Rough and Ready[201] Taylor disdained the luxuries available to a senior officer in camp and field, preferring to "rough it" like the other ranks
  • Old Zack[202]
  • The Hero of Buena Vista[203] or Old Buena Vista[204] Commemorating his most famous Mexican War victory

11 — James Knox Polk

  • Young Hickory[205] Because he was a particular protégé of "Old Hickory" — Andrew Jackson
  • The Napoleon of the Stump[206] A slightly sardonic reference to his saber-rattling expansionist policies. "Napoleon" refers to his pushing of wars of conquest, while "the Stump" reminds us that he was a politician who stayed safe at home while others did the fighting
  • Polk the Plodder[207] The validity of this nickname was disproved by his foreign policy when he became president
  • Polk the Purposeful[208]

10 — John Tyler, Jr.

  • His Accidency[209] He was the first V.P. to succeed to the presidency by the "accident" of his predecessor dying
  • The President without a Party[210] Soon after he took office, the Whig Party disowned him and its members refused to work with him
  • Traitor Tyler[211] He was elected as a Whig vice president: but when William Henry Harrison died, it soon became clear that Tyler had no sympathy with that party's policies

9 — William Henry Harrison

  • Old Tippecanoe[212] Commemorating the first of his two victories over Tecumseh
  • Granny Harrison[213]
  • General Mum[214] As in the expression, "keep it mum". Because of his avoidance of speaking out on controversial issues during his election campaign
  • The Log Cabin Candidate[215] The famous Log Cabin Campaign that brought him to the White House contrasted Harrison the tough Westerner with Van Buren the effete patroon. In reality, Harrison came from a more privileged background than Van Buren
  • The Cincinnatus of the West[216] Comparing him both to the original Cincinnatus and to George Washington, who was styled "The American Cincinnatus"

8 — Martin Van Buren

  • Machiavellian Belshazzar[217]
  • Old Kinderhook[218] His home town as Kinderhook, New York. Possible popularization of "OK"
  • The Red Fox of Kinderhook[219] For his bright red hair and sly ways
  • The Little Magician[220]
  • Little Van[221] He was on the small side
  • Martin Van Ruin[222] The financially-ruinous Panic of 1837 took place during his presidency
  • The Sage of Lindenwald[223]
  • The Flying Dutchman[224]
  • The American Talleyrand[225] Comparing him to the French statesman, Prince Talleyrand, who was considered to be the last word in deviousness

7 — Andrew Jackson

  • Old Hickory[226] During the Creek War of 1813–14, neither illness nor injuries would stop him taking the field to lead his men against the enemy. His troops responded by comparing him to hickory, which is among the hardest of woods
  • The Hero of New Orleans[227] Commemorating his victory over a British force in January 1815 during the War of 1812
  • King Andrew the First[228] His far-reaching programs seemed to some people execessive use of presidential powers
  • Mischievous Andy[229]
  • Sharp Knife Given to him by the Creek Indians whom he fought in 1814

6 — John Quincy Adams

  • Old Man Eloquent[230] Comparing him to a character who featured in the works of the poet John Milton
  • King John II[231] Presumably making his father and predecessor King John the First
  • Publicola[232] Latin name referring to his dedication to public service

5 — James Monroe

  • The Last of the Cocked Hats[233] He still wore a tricorne long after it gone out of fashion
  • James the Second[234] His immediate predecessor, Madison, was also called James
  • James the Lesser[235] The suggestion being that James Madison was the more effective president of the two
  • The Era of Good Feelings President[236] "The Era of Good Feelings" was the period following the War of 1812, during which America became less divided politically, to the extent that the only opponents of the ruling Democratic Republicans, the Federalist Party, went out of existence. It was not until resistance to Andrew Jackson's policies produced the Whig Party that oppositonal politics resumed in the United States

4 — James Madison

  • The Father of the Constitution[237]
  • The Sage of Montpelier[238]
  • Withered Little Apple-John[239] So-called by Washington Irving
  • The Fugitive President[240] During the War of 1812, a British army occupied Washington and Madison was forced to flee the White House
  • Little Jemmy[241] or His Little Majesty[242] At only 5' 4", he was the smallest president ever. The average adult male American at the beginning of the 19th Century was about 5' 8" — an inch and a half shorter than today

3 — Thomas Jefferson

2 — John Adams

  • The Duke of Braintree[253] A sarcastic reference to his grandiose airs
  • His Rotundity[254] When he proposed that President Washington be addressed as "His Majesty", others suggested this title for Adams!
  • The Atlas of Independence[255]
  • The Colossus of Debate[256] Given to him by Thomas Jefferson for his ability to argue a political case
  • Bonny Johnny[257]
  • The Father of the Navy[258] He built up the U.S. Navy during his presidency
  • Old Sink or Swim[259] For the speech in which he vowed "To sink or swim; to live or die; survive or perish with my country"
  • Your Superfluous Excellency[260] So called by Benjamin Franklin when Adams was vice president

1 — George Washington

Presidential name origins

# President Name origin
43 George Walker Bush named after his father, George Herbert Walker Bush
42 William Jefferson Clinton named after his biological father, William Jefferson Blythe, Jr.
41 George Herbert Walker Bush named after his maternal grandfather, George Herbert Walker
40 Ronald Wilson Reagan Wilson was his mother’s maiden name
39 James Earl Carter, Jr. named after his father, James Earl Carter, Sr.
38 Gerald Rudolph Ford originally named after his biological father, Leslie Lynch King, Sr. and renamed at the age of two by his adopted father Gerald R. Ford, Sr.
37 Richard Milhous Nixon Milhous was his mother’s maiden name
36 Lyndon Baines Johnson named after W.C. Linden, a lawyer and family friend, Baines was his mother’s maiden name
35 John Fitzgerald Kennedy named after his maternal grandfather, John F. “Honey Fitz” Fitzgerald
34 Dwight David Eisenhower originally named David Dwight Eisenhower after his father
33 Harry S Truman named after his maternal uncle, Harrison Young, the middle initial represent both Shippe, after his paternal grandfather, Anderson Shippe Truman and Solomon, after his maternal grandfather, Solomon Young
32 Franklin Delano Roosevelt after being nameless for seven weeks, he was named after his great-uncle, Franklin Hughes Delano
31 Herbert Clark Hoover Clark was his father’s middle name
30 Calvin Coolidge originally named John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. after his father
29 Warren Gamaliel Harding named after his great-uncle, Rev. Warren Gamaliel Bancroft
28 Woodrow Wilson originally named Thomas Woodrow Wilson after his maternal grandfather, Rev. Thomas Woodrow
27 William Howard Taft Howard was the last name of his paternal grandmother, Sylvia Howard
26 Theodore Roosevelt originally named Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. after his father
25 William McKinley originally named William McKinley, Jr. after his father
23 Benjamin Harrison named after his paternal uncle, Dr. Benjamin Harrison and his paternal great-grandfather Benjamin Harrison V
22/24 Grover Cleveland originally named Stephen Grover Cleveland after Rev. Stephen Grover
21 Chester Alan Arthur named after Dr. Chester Abell, the physician who delivered him, and his paternal grandfather, Alan Arthur
20 James Abram Garfield named after his deceased infant brother, James, and his father Abram Garfield
19 Rutherford Birchard Hayes named after his father, Birchard was his mother’s maiden name
18 Ulysses Simpson Grant About a month after birth, he was originally named Hiram Ulysses Grant, Hiram was his maternal grandfather and Ulysses a Greek hero from mythology. He informally went by his middle name. When enrolling at West Point, congressional sponsor accidentally wrote his name as Ulysses Simpson Grant; Simpson was his mother’s maiden name. The school would not allow Grant to enroll by any other name than that which his sponsor had filled out, so Grant went along with the change. Furthermore, Grant was pleased with the change because he had disliked the fact that his original initials spelled "HUG."
17 Andrew Johnson either named after Andrew Jackson or a maternal uncle
16 Abraham Lincoln named after his paternal grandfather
15 James Buchanan named after his father
14 Franklin Pierce unknown
13 Millard Fillmore Millard was his mother’s maiden name
12 Zachary Taylor named after his paternal grandfather
11 James Knox Polk named after his maternal grandfather, James Knox
10 John Tyler named after his father
9 William Henry Harrison unknown
8 Martin Van Buren named after his paternal grandfather
7 Andrew Jackson named after his father
6 John Quincy Adams named after his maternal great-grandfather, John Quincy
5 James Monroe unknown
4 James Madison named after his father
3 Thomas Jefferson named after his paternal grandfather, Thomas Jefferson II
2 John Adams named after his father
1 George Washington possibly named after George Eskridge, a lawyer who took care of Washington's mother after she was orphaned

Presidential first, middle and last names

First names

Six Presidents went by their middle names or nicknames in lieu of their official first names

Duplicates and multiples There have been: six named James, four Johns, four Williams, three Georges, and two Andrews, Franklins and Thomases.

Length

  • Rutherford is the longest Presidential first name at 10 letters.
  • John and Bill are the shortest Presidential first names at four letters.
  • The average length in letters of commonly used Presidential first names is 6.14 letters.

Middle names

  • Seventeen of the 42 Presidents to date have no known middle name.
  • Several Presidential middle names were originally surnames: Baines, Birchard, Delano, Fitzgerald, Walker, Knox, Milhous, Quincy and Simpson, et al. Most of these were the President's mother's maiden name.
  • Gerald Rudolph Ford was born Leslie Lynch King, Jr. therefore giving him the middle name of Lynch before his mother remarried when he was 3, however his name was not legally changed until 1935 while in law school.
  • Ulysses S. Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant. His name was changed when he entered theUnited States Military Academy.
  • Harry Truman's middle name was only an initial; the "S" didn't stand for another name. Nevertheless he signed his name using the period after the letter.
  • George Herbert Walker Bush is the only President with two middle names.
  • There are no duplicate Presidential middle names, with the partial exception of Herbert Walker and Walker.
  • Three Presidents used their middle name as their given name:

Last names

  • There have been two Adamses, two Bushes, two Harrisons, two Johnsons and two Roosevelts. All of the pairs except the Johnsons were related to each other. See List of United States Presidents by genealogical relationship.
  • Thirty-two of the Presidents have had unique last names.
  • Eisenhower and Washington had the longest last names, with 10 letters each.
  • The Bushes, Taft, Polk and Ford had the shortest last names, with four letters each.
  • The average Presidential last name has 6.64 letters.
  • The only two-word last name is Van Buren. Van is a surname prefix common to people of Dutch ancestry.
  • The most common surname in the United States, "Smith", has not been borne by any President.
  • Only three of the ten most common surnames (Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown, Davis, Miller, Wilson, Moore, and Taylor) in the United States have been the surnames of Presidents (Johnson, Andrew and Lyndon; Wilson, Woodrow; and Taylor, Zachary).

Notes

  1. ^ Spotty's names for the President — from whitehouse.gov Ask the White House — from whitehouse.gov
  2. ^ Robert Scheer, Making Money, the Bush Way, The Nation (web-only content posted February 19 2002). Accessed 16 October 2006.
    Ian Williams, Bush, Kerry & Vietnam, The Nation (web-only content posted September 9 2004). Accessed 16 October 2006.
  3. ^ Elizabeth Drew [Bush Family Values], The Nation, posted February 12 2004 (March 1 2004 issue). Accessed 16 October 2006.
  4. ^ [http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040301/drew
  5. ^ http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/side2/2989769.html/
  6. ^ Molly Ivins and Lou Dubose (2000). SHRUB: The Short But Happy Political Life of George W. Bush. Random House.
  7. ^ http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096413077
  8. ^ Jacob Weisberg (2006-01-25). "The Power-Madness of King George:Is Bush turning America into an elective dictatorship?". Slate.com. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
    "The Ribald Reign of King George the Second". Irregular Times. 2003. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
    "The Constitution or King George?". Democratic Talk Radio. March 2002. Retrieved 2007-04-30. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  9. ^ http://www.uncuriousgeorge.org
  10. ^ http://www.incuriousgeorge.org
  11. ^ http://dkirscht.tripod.com/spurious_george/
  12. ^ http://www.awolbush.com/
  13. ^ http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1412079020/ref=sib_books_pg/103-3498398-1297402?ie=UTF8&keywords=%26%2334%3BAwol%20bush%26%2334%3B&p=S05R&checkSum=83zf0bAB2VmI%252BBX%252FsxOBAmiBWvo5U7dwl%252BvrCWxg5h8%253D — Googleonomics by Nate Perkins
  14. ^ http://www.mikehersh.com/AWOL_Bush_Has_Got_To_Go.shtml — Article: “Hey Hey Ho Ho! AWOL Bush Has Got To Go!”, by Mike Hersh, Mar 19, 2003
  15. ^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/04/20/opinion/meyer/main1523934.shtml
  16. ^ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/03/AR2007050301641.html
  17. ^ http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/05/02/bush-im-the-commander-guy
  18. ^ http://www.residentbush.com/
  19. ^ http://msnbc.msn.com/id/12228726/site/newsweek
  20. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6123314.stm
  21. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Article — ' Will Clinton' (http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003019/Bill-Clinton) describes " Will" as the "byname of William Jefferson Clinton, original name William Jefferson Blythe III 42nd president of the United States (1993–2001), who oversaw the country's longest peacetime economic expansion".
  22. ^ "Clinton as the First Black President". The New Yorker. 1998-10-05.
  23. ^ Amy Herstek (2001-01-11). "Clinton thanks New Hampshire for making him the 'Comeback Kid'". CNN. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
    Julian Borger (2004-10-26). "Thinner and frailer, the Comeback Kid puts heart into Kerry's campaign". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 2007-04-29.
  24. ^ "The Choice '96: Stories of Bill". PBS Frontline. 1996?. Retrieved 2007-04-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ http://www.slate.com/id/3665/device/html30/entry/24006/Slate, Dialogues, Reagan vs. Clinton, Dinesh D’Souza, “My point is that while the media speculate about "Teflon Bill" and "Teflon Ron," there is a world of difference in the motives that guided the two men into the scandals that plagued their administrations”.
  26. ^ http://www.nypost.com/seven/06272007/news/nationalnews/rudy_bops_bubba_nationalnews_charles_hurt_and_carl_campanile.htm
  27. ^ http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/06/21/bill.factor.ap/index.html
  28. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  29. ^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/11/14/the_skinny/main2179828.shtml
  30. ^ http://www.thenation.com/doc/20040301/drew
  31. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  32. ^ FAIR (Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting), carried an article in its ‘Media Beat’ section on September 28 2001 called, “The Wimp Factor: Goading to Shed Blood” by Norman Solomon (http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=2151) who wrote: “Back in 1988, the father of our current president was bedeviled by what media outlets called "the wimp factor." After eight years as vice president, George Bush was making a run for the Oval Office. But quite a few journalists kept asking whether he was a tough enough man for the job. Newsweek even headlined the "wimp" epithet in a cover story about him”. The article goes on to say, “But even later, while still ensconced in the White House, the senior Bush remained notably stung by the epithet. He couldn't always keep the pain of it under wraps. "You're talking to the 'wimp,'" President Bush commented on June 16, 1991. "You're talking to the guy that had a cover of a national magazine, that I'll never forgive, put that label on me." This was a possibly unique instance of a president responding directly to a negative nickname given to him by the media
  33. ^ The validity of this nickname has been questioned: but it is still in wide currency. John Hawkins at ‘Human Events.com: Leading the Conservative Movement Since 1944” (http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=15096) writes: “Think back to the Clinton years: conservatives certainly stuck it to Old “Read My Lips,” but the price turned out to be eight years of, “It depends on what the meaning of the word ‘is’ is.”” A correspondent to PipeLineNews.org (http://www.pipelinenews.org/bbs/viewpost.cfm?id=201&reply=1) remarks, “Even old "Read my Lips" didn't screw us as bad....but then we didn't give him the chance ..Did we?” A correspondent to ‘Daily Pundit: Rationales for an Irrational World’ (http://dailypundit.com/?p=6234), writes, “The Bushes have been betraying their supporters at least as far back as Old Read-My-Lips.” A correspondent to ‘HVAC Talk’ (http://hvac-talk.com/vbb/showthread.php?threadid=70136) on 02 10, 2005 writes, “Bush beat Gore 5-4 in the Supreme Court, depending on justices appointed by the godfather, old "Read My Lips" himself as they over-ruled Florida state law”. The Letters to the Editor section of ‘News-Record.com’, Greensboro, North Carolina, (http://blog.nrinteractive.com/staff/letters/archives/2005/08/voters_elected.html) has a contribution dated August 8, 2005 which refers to: “Bush I (old read my lips)”. A correspondent to ‘PoliPundit.com’ (http://polipundit.com/wp-comments-popup.php?p=10333&c=1) remarks that “Getting bamboozled by old read-my-lips still rankles though I couldn’t have voted for Dukakis in any case”. Boston Globe columnist, David Nyhan (http://graphics.boston.com/news/politics/campaign2000/news/_it_wasn_t_pretty+.shtml) wrote an article called, “…it wasn’t pretty” on 9 6, 2000 that states, “His (Bush Junior’s) tax cut giveaway isn't working the way it worked for Old Read-My-Lips”
  34. ^ ‘The Sydney Morning Herald’, has an article at http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/07/1086460230925.html entitled, ‘How Reagan got his Gipper nickname’.
  35. ^ [1] CNN.com story covering his death
  36. ^ At “Working For Change.com” (http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?ItemID=17068), columnist Geov Parrish uses “The Great Prevaricator” as the title of his article (06.07.2004) on Ronald Reagan. ‘Daily Past.com: Bringing the Past to Life (http://www.dailypast.com/historical-figures/ronald-reagan4.shtml) features Ronald Reagan among its ‘Historical Figures’ and has a paragraph entitled, ‘"The Great Prevaricator" And Other Criticisms’. The “New Partisan: A Journal of Culture, Arts and Politics’ (http://www.newpartisan.com/home/2004/06/09/the-great-communicator-and-the-great-prevaricator.html) has an article (06.09.2004) by Russ Smith entitled, “The Great Communicator and the Great Prevaricator” in which Reagan is discussed. Columbia University Press’s website (http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/publicity/collinsexcerpt.html) has an article by Robert M. Collins called “Transforming America: Politics and Culture During the Reagan Years” in which he writes that in the wake of Reagan’s funeral, “My own thoroughly congenial across-the-street neighbor in a distinctly modest, middle-class neighborhood in our medium-sized, Midwestern university town Introduction wrote a letter to the editor of the local paper at the time of Reagan's funeral indicting "the Great Prevaricator" for a similar litany of crimes”. Time Magazine online has an article by George J. Church (October 11, 1982) entitled ‘Taking Aim at Reagan’ (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,922985,00.html) in which he writes, “Democrats readily accepted the challenge. The party's national chairman, Charles Manatt, charged that Reagan had changed from the Great Communicator to "the Great Prevaricator."”The Leiter Reports (an online “blog” group headed by Brian Leiter) carried an article (http://webapp.utexas.edu/blogs/archives/bleiter/001407.html) on June 06, 2004, entitled, ‘The Reagan Presidency Remembered’ which stated that: “The comments of right-wing bloggers were predictable — their penchant for hagiography and myth-making about "the Great Communicator" [or "the Great Prevaricator" as his critics often called him] fit the occasion”
  37. ^ CNN.com, Ronald Reagan, 1911–2004. ‘Small Town to Tinseltown’ (http://us.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2004/reagan/stories/bio.part.one/index.html)
  38. ^ Website: ‘Ronald Reagan — the Bonzo President’ (http://www.quickchange.com/reagan/)
    Website: ‘Cleveland Jewish Radio’ (Ohio) — ‘Bonzo Goes To Bitburg’ (http://clevelandjewishradio.tripod.com/ramones.html) “Bonzo refers to a nickname the president received from one of his past movie roles”
  39. ^ http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/Ronald_Reagan.htm
  40. ^ http://www.amazon.com/Camelot-Teflon-President-Presidential-Contributions/dp/0313263930 Review of the book, From Camelot to the Teflon President: Economics and Presidential Popularity Since 1960 (Contributions in Political Science) by David J. Lanoue (Greenwood Press, October 20 1988, ISBN-10: 0313263930, ISBN-13: 978-0313263934): “and concluding with a look at Ronald Reagan, who has often been termed the "Teflon President."
  41. ^ http://www.slate.com/id/3665/device/html30/entry/24006/Slate, Dialogues, Reagan vs. Clinton, Dinesh D’Souza, “My point is that while the media speculate about "Teflon Bill" and "Teflon Ron," there is a world of difference in the motives that guided the two men into the scandals that plagued their administrations”.
  42. ^ High Sidey (1977-12-12}accessdate=2007-04-20). "The Question Now: Who Carter?". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ This moniker is still widely referred to today. On the Internet, it can be found mentioned on Brothersjudd.com, Murdoc Online, Opinion Editorial.com: A Project of the Frontiers of Democracy (article by Bob Newman), FresnoZionism.org (article by Vic Rosenthal) among others. The currency of this nickname has even reached China: an article by Vernon Hung in "The South China Morning Post" (March 22, 2002 — reproduced online by The Carnegie Endowment) is entitled, "How Tung Can Learn From the Peanut Farmer's Mistakes"
  44. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  45. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  46. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  47. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  48. ^ POTUS — Presidents of the United States, Gerald Rudolph Ford (http://www.potus.com/grford.html) “38th President of the United States (August 9, 1974 to January 20, 1977). Nickname: "Jerry"”
  49. ^ http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/topstories/tm_headline=the-accidental-president%26method=full%26objectid=18337643%26siteid=94762-name_page.html
  50. ^ In "The Stranger: Seattle's Only Newspaper" (December 27 2006), Paul Constant writes that Ford was "the only president who was often referred to in the media as a "Boy Scout" and "Mr. Nice Guy"
  51. ^ The Concord Monitor (New Hampshire) of April 30, 2006 carried a story by Eric Moskowitz entitled, ‘Ford Left Mark on State’ in which he wrote about the 1976 New Hampshire Primary, stating that: “Ford, the sitting president, drew the support of moderate and liberal Republicans. Reagan, considered the true conservative, earned the backing of then-Gov. Mel Thomson and his close adviser, Manchester Union Leader publisher William Loeb, who lashed out against Ford in front-page editorials, deriding him as "Jerry the Jerk."”
  52. ^ http://www.theusaonline.com/presidents/richard-nixon.htm, The USA Online: Interactive Website about the United States, Richard Nixon
  53. ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_20070109/ai_n17109707
  54. ^ http://groups.google.com.au/group/soc.history.what-if/msg/c616b0a44fdae436
  55. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  56. ^ Allen J. Matusow, "Nixon as Madman" (Review of Nixon's Vietnam War, by Jeffrey Kimball, in Reviews in American History, Vol. 27, No. 4, December 1999, pp. 623-629.)] Quoting historian Allen Matusow: 1) "In a famous conversation during his 1968 campaign for the presidency, Richard Nixon confided to H.R. Haldeman, 'I call it the Madman Theory, Bob. I want the North Vietnamese to believe I've reached the point where I might do anything to stop the war'." 2) "Nixon had begun to cultivate his image as the mad bomber." 3) "Nixon encouraged belief in his capacity for madness as a way to instill fear in his adversaries and bend them to his will."
  57. ^ The Education Forum: A Forum for Teachers and Educators has a "Forum Debate on Watergate" featuring a page (http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKehrlichman.htm) containing an extract from H.R. Haldeman’s The Ends of Power, in which Nixon aide John Erlichman tells Haldeman, “This is what happened," Ehrlichman said. "The Mad Monk (Nixon) has just told me I am now to forget all about that CIA document. In fact, I am to cease and desist from trying to obtain it.” A web page (http://fornits.com/anonanon/my-mud.htm) by Herb Taylor of the Galveston Daily News (Texas), written on November 5, 2000, says with reference to Nixon, “But, true to form, the Mad Monk wasn't being entirely forthright about his intentions”.
  58. ^ ‘Blood of Isaac: An E-Book’ by Charles A. Thomas, found online at (http://speccoll.library.kent.edu/4may70/IsaacTwo.htm) mentions that the television series, Washington Behind Closed Doors (Paramount, 1977), which was co-written by former Nixon aide, John Erlichman, has a Nixon-equivalent president called “Richard Monckton”, which Thomas explains “was a play on Ehrlichman’s private nickname for Nixon, the “Mad Monk””. Thomas cites two of Erlichman’s books, Witness To Power (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1982) and The Company (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1976) as references
  59. ^ The ‘New York Times’ of November 16, 2003 had an article by Ted Widmer entitled ‘The Man in the Mask (http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950CE1D81539F935A25752C1A9659C8B63&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes+Topics%2FPeople%2FN%2FNixon%2C+Richard+Milhous) which reviewed ‘Nixon’s Shadow: The History of an Image’ by David Greenberg, W.W. Norton & Company, New York, which described young Nixon as “a law student working so hard to better himself that he earned the nickname Iron Butt
  60. ^ ‘Spectrum: Home and School Network’ has an article of May 2, 2007 called ‘Richard M. Nixon’ (http://www.incwell.com/Biographies/Presidents/Nixon,RichardM.html) which states that: “While a student at the Duke University Law School, Nixon was given the nickname of “Gloomy Gus” by his classmates because he was always so serious”
  61. ^ [2] LBJ Library
  62. ^ 'Lyndon Johnson: Ruthless Senate Leader' by John Grizzi, November 4, 2002[3] Findarticles.com 2002
  63. ^ Presidency project at ucsb
  64. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource — In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/kennedy) including, “Nicknames: "JFK", “Jack””
  65. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource — In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/kennedy) including, “Nicknames: "JFK", “Jack””
  66. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  67. ^ http://www.bard.org/education/resources/other/camelotmoment.html
  68. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  69. ^ ‘All About Ike’ [4] says, “As a star defensive back on the West Point football team, Eisenhower was known as the Kansas Cyclone”
  70. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  71. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  72. ^ Baily, Thomas A.; & Kennedy, David M. (1994). The American Pageant (10th ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0-669-33892-3.
  73. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  74. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  75. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource — In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/fdroosevelt) including, “Nickname: "FDR"”
  76. ^ Fleming ,Thomas J. "The New Dealer's War: FDR and the War Within World War II" (Basic Books, April 10, 2001. ISBN 13: 078-046502)
  77. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  78. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  79. ^ http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html VitaminQ – a temple of trivia lists and curious words, January 27 2003, American presidential nicknames
  80. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  81. ^ Internet Movie Database has the following information on Herbert Hoover, relative to his appearance (as himself) in the film, “Public Be Damned” (1917) — ‘Herbert Hoover (I) (Self, Public Be Damned (1917)). nickname "The Hermit Author of Palo Alto"’. Also, ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  82. ^ The U. S. Department of the Interior’s site for the Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region (http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/hhoover.html) says that Hoover, “known early in his career as “The Great Engineer”, was now popularized as “The Great Humanitarian” for his “relief efforts in America’s stricken heartland”.
  83. ^ ‘Atlas Forum’, “Should Herbert Hoover Have Won the Nobel Peace Prize?’ (http://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?topic=12502.0) says that, “It’s truly a tragedy that this great man, who was known also as “The Defender of Helpless Children” and “The Savior of Belgium”, never won this award
  84. ^ ‘Atlas Forum’, “Should Herbert Hoover Have Won the Nobel Peace Prize?’ (http://uselectionatlas.org/FORUM/index.php?topic=12502.0) says that, “It’s truly a tragedy that this great man, who was known also as “The Defender of Helpless Children” and “The Savior of Belgium”, never won this award
  85. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  86. ^ http://hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/Hooverstory/gallery01/gallery01.html
  87. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  88. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  89. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  90. ^ ‘Rebirth of Cool Cal’, December 1998, Reason Magazine, review of two books on Coolidge’s presidency by John Miller (http://www.reason.com/news/printer/30803.html)
  91. ^ Baily, Thomas A.; & Kennedy, David M. (1994). The American Pageant (10th ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0-669-33892-3.
  92. ^ Baily, Thomas A.; & Kennedy, David M. (1994). The American Pageant (10th ed.). D.C. Heath and Company. ISBN 0-669-33892-3.
  93. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  94. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  95. ^ ‘Wilsonian Progessivism at Home and Abroad’ (http://www.course-notes.org/chptoutlines/apoutlines/chapter32.htm) by M. Pecot summarizes the “Wilsonian Progessivism at Home and Abroad, 1912–1916” chapter of “The American Pageant” by David M. Kennedy, Lizabeth Cohen and Thomas A. Bailey (2002, ISBN-13: 9780618103492; ISBN-10: 061810349X) and refers to this nickname. ‘Taqrir Washington’ has an article on The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (http://www.taqrir.org/eng/showarticle.cfm?id=128) by Andrew Masloski which also mentions the “Schoolmaster in Politics’ nickname
  96. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  97. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  98. ^ http://in.news.yahoo.com/031025/139/28u32.html Yahoo News, India, October 25 2003, “Bush wins ‘Weasel’ vote hands down”. “In 1916, Theodore Roosevelt accused President Woodrow Wilson of "weasel words", meaning that words from which the original meaning had been sucked”.
  99. ^ http://www.westernfront.co.uk/thegreatwar/articles/individuals/nicknames.htm
  100. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  101. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  102. ^ The Arlington National Cemetery Website page on William Howard Taft provides the full text of his ‘New York Times’ obituary of March 9, 1930, which states that “His standing among his college mates is indicated by the fact that he was known by them while at Yale and forever afterward as "Old Bill" Taft”.
  103. ^ http://hoover.archives.gov/exhibits/cottages/middleclass/taft.html
  104. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  105. ^ http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5724/ The U.S. Survey Course on the Web, Hear Taft’s Speech, “On Popular Unrest”
  106. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  107. ^ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tr/envir.html
  108. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  109. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  110. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  111. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  112. ^ The President Gerald R. Ford Library and Museum online has an article on Theodore Roosevelt (http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/museum/exhibits/TR/light.htm) with states that “At age 23, TR was elected to the State Assembly, its youngest member. He battled political corruption, pushed for civil service reform, became minority leader in a year, and earned the nickname of the Cyclone Assemblyman. “I rose like a rocket,” he later wrote”.
  113. ^ The Amazon.com review (http://www.amazon.com/Teddy-Roosevelt-San-Juan-University/dp/0890967717) of “Teddy Roosevelt at San Juan: The Making of a President” by Peggy and Harold Samuels (Texas a & M University Military History Series, September 1997 ISBN-13: 978-0890967713) by Peggy and Harold Samuels, says that “The authors reexamine the "Hero of San Juan Hill" to find that the heroic legend was manufactured”
  114. ^ Non-Fiction Book Page have a review by Harry Merritt of ‘The Lion's Pride: Theodore Roosevelt and His Family in Peace and War’ by Edward J. Renehan, Jr. (Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195127196) (http://www.bookpage.com/9810bp/nonfiction/lions_pride.html) which says, “Within six months, Roosevelt, "the Lion" was dead”
  115. ^ The official website for the town of Medora, North Dakota has an article on Theodore Roosevelt (http://www.medora.org/History/tr.html) which mentions that “Roosevelt earned the respect of his peers, who eventually dropped the nickname "Old Four Eyes"”
  116. ^ Popularized by journalist James Creelman (1859–1915) who so entitled his article on President Roosevelt in ‘Pearson’s Magazine’ ed. Arthur W. Little (The Pearson Publishing Company; New York, January 1907). This information was found on web pages (http://www.philsp.com/homeville/FMI/t807.htm) and (http://www.philsp.com/homeville/FMI/s438.htm#A15324) . The cover of that edition featured a portrait of T.R. by George Burroughs Torrey
  117. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  118. ^ The Northeast Ohio Journal of History has an article (http://www3.uakron.edu/nojh/issues/spring_2005/reviews/dematteo_01.htm) in its ‘Book Reviews’ section featuring “William McKinley and His America, Revised Edition”, by H. Wayne Morgan (Kent: Kent State University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-87338-765-1.). The review of this book states, “Known to contemporaries as “The Napoleon of Protection,” Representative McKinley was an unabashed champion of high tariffs”.
  119. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  120. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  121. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  122. ^ (http://www.military.com/Content/MoreContent?file=ML_mckinley_bkp) Military.com has an article on McKinley by Bethanne Kelly Patrick which states that “By [the Civil] war’s end, he had become a brevet major in the volunteers. For the rest of his life, many called him simply "The Major."”
  123. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  124. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  125. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  126. ^ http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~jkochanczyk/president/harrison.html “He was known as the "Human Iceberg" because he was stiff and formal when dealing with people”.
  127. ^ http://fs6.depauw.edu:50080/~jkochanczyk/president/harrison.html “The wearing of kid gloves to protect his hands from skin infection earned him the nickname of "Kid Gloves" Harrison”.
  128. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  129. ^ The President Benjamin Harrison Home: From White House Studies, 2/22/2001. Author: Moore, Anne (http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-82492373.html) states that “He [Harrison] was called the "front porch campaigner" for giving nearly 90 impromptu speeches from his front door to enthusiastic crowds gathered in his front yard”.
  130. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  131. ^ http://www.presidentprofiles.com/Grant-Eisenhower/Cleveland-Grover.html Profiles of US Presidents, Grover Cleveland, A Swift Rise to the Presidency, First Presidential Term, “The Republicans countered by calling Cleveland "the hangman of Buffalo" because, while sheriff, he had personally hanged two criminals rather than turn the task over to an assistant”.
    Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  132. ^ “His stubbornness earned him the title "His Obstinacy”. From, ‘Tall, Slim and Erect: Grover Cleveland’, in the series, ‘Portraits of the Presidents’ by Alex Forman (http://www.januaryriver.net/presidents/24.html)
  133. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  134. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  135. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  136. ^ “Hail to the Chiefs: Presidential Mischief, Morals, and Malarkey from George W. to George W” by Barbara Holland (Permanent Press, New York, January 1, 2003. ISBN-10: 1579620817. ISBN-13: 978-1579620813) is quoted by an Amazon.com review of the book (http://www.amazon.com/Hail-Chiefs-Presidential-Mischief-Malarkey/dp/1579620817) as writing of Cleveland, "People called him 'the Beast of Buffalo.'
    http://humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=h&p=c&a=b&ID=214 Humanities Web, History, Grover Cleveland, Biography, “Still more salacious allegations followed: in the election of 1888, Republicans spread false rumors that Cleveland beat his wife, leading to the epithet "the Beast of Buffalo."”
  137. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  138. ^ http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/cleveland/election.html Grover Cleveland and the 1892 Election, 1997, by Cliff Vaughn, “Courting everyone from eastern capitalists to southerners, Cleveland used the press as a public relations tool. However, he fought an uphill battle since the editors of papers such as the Washington Post and New York Sun derided him on account of his weight, publicly referring to him as "the Stuffed Prophet" and "the elephantine economist"”.)
  139. ^ http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/cleveland/election.html Grover Cleveland and the 1892 Election, 1997, by Cliff Vaughn, “Courting everyone from eastern capitalists to southerners, Cleveland used the press as a public relations tool. However, he fought an uphill battle since the editors of papers such as the Washington Post and New York Sun derided him on account of his weight, publicly referring to him as "the Stuffed Prophet" and "the elephantine economist"”.)
  140. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  141. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  142. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  143. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  144. ^ MSN Encarta, Chester A. Arthur Quick Facts (http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577502/Chester_A_Arthur_Quick_Facts.html) “Chester Arthur was fond of fine clothes and entertainment, earning him the nicknames 'Dude President,' 'Elegant Arthur,' and 'Prince Arthur'”.
  145. ^ MSN Encarta, Chester A. Arthur Quick Facts (http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577502/Chester_A_Arthur_Quick_Facts.html) “Chester Arthur was fond of fine clothes and entertainment, earning him the nicknames 'Dude President,' 'Elegant Arthur,' and 'Prince Arthur'”.
  146. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  147. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  148. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  149. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  150. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  151. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  152. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  153. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  154. ^ “President Hayes did not drink, smoke, or gamble. His critics derisively called him “Granny” Hayes and “Queen Victoria in breeches.”” Search View: Rutherford B. Hayes — MSN Encarta (http://encarta.msn.com/text_761560844__1/Rutherford_B_Hayes.html)
  155. ^ He was also, inexplicably, referred to as “Queen Victoria in Riding Breeches” in some prominent journals of the time.” The Stanford Daily, February 16 2007, “Hayes: He’s no ‘fraud’ in the art of love’ by Kat Lewin (http://www-daily.stanford.edu/article/2007/2/16/hayesHesNoFraudInTheArtOfLove “President Hayes did not drink, smoke, or gamble. His critics derisively called him “Granny” Hayes and “Queen Victoria in breeches.”” Search View: Rutherford B. Hayes — MSN Encarta (http://encarta.msn.com/text_761560844__1/Rutherford_B_Hayes.html)
  156. ^ “The public gave him the razzing of a lifetime, calling him mean names like “Rutherfraud” and “President De Facto.””The Stanford Daily, February 16 2007, “Hayes: He’s no ‘fraud’ in the art of love’ by Kat Lewin (http://www-daily.stanford.edu/article/2007/2/16/hayesHesNoFraudInTheArtOfLove)
  157. ^ Infoplease.com, HAYES, Rutherford Birchard, (1822–1893) lists ‘Ranson, Frederick Duane. “The Great Unknown: Governor Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio.” Ph.D. diss., West Virginia University, 1978’.
  158. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  159. ^ "unconditional surrender" Grant
  160. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  161. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  162. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  163. ^ “His classmates [at West Point] dubbed him “U.S.”, ”Sam,” and “Uncle Sam” Grant”. Ulysses S. Grant, Encyclopedia Article, MSN Encarta. (http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555289/Ulysses_S_Grant.html)
  164. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  165. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  166. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  167. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  168. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  169. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  170. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  171. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  172. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  173. ^ http://www.lincolnpresenters.org/Quotes.htm Association of Lincoln Presenters, Lincoln Quotes, “LINCOLN had many nicknames such as Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, the Liberator, the Emancipator, the Ancient One, the Martyr”.
  174. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  175. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  176. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  177. ^ “Abraham Lincoln has long been endeared in the hearts of all of humankind-including those southerners and operatives of the status quo antebellum, who at the time viewed him with such racist and virile characterizations, such as calling him the "Orangutan in the White House" and the "Abolition Emperor, King Linkum the First." He was known to others during his lifetime and since then by other names — Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, Uncommon friend of the Common Man, Old Abe, Father Abraham, or the Great Emancipator”. ‘From Revolution to Reconstruction’, Abraham Lincoln, Biography (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/about/lincoln.htm)
  178. ^ “Abraham Lincoln has long been endeared in the hearts of all of humankind — including those southerners and operatives of the status quo antebellum, who at the time viewed him with such racist and virile characterizations, such as calling him the "Orangutan in the White House" and the "Abolition Emperor, King Linkum the First." He was known to others during his lifetime and since then by other names — Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, Uncommon friend of the Common Man, Old Abe, Father Abraham, or the Great Emancipator”. ‘From Revolution to Reconstruction’, Abraham Lincoln, Biography (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/about/lincoln.htm)
  179. ^ “Abraham Lincoln has long been endeared in the hearts of all of humankind — including those southerners and operatives of the status quo antebellum, who at the time viewed him with such racist and virile characterizations, such as calling him the "Orangutan in the White House" and the "Abolition Emperor, King Linkum the First." He was known to others during his lifetime and since then by other names — Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, Uncommon friend of the Common Man, Old Abe, Father Abraham, or the Great Emancipator”. ‘From Revolution to Reconstruction’, Abraham Lincoln, Biography (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/about/lincoln.htm)
  180. ^ “Visitors hear complaints about everything from his looks — "the Illinois ape," some people called him — to his restrictions on civil rights”. Free Republic.com — ‘Illinois Museum Brings Abraham Lincoln to Life’ by Christopher Willis, 04/12/2005 (http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1382211/posts)
  181. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  182. ^ “Abraham Lincoln has long been endeared in the hearts of all of humankind — including those southerners and operatives of the status quo antebellum, who at the time viewed him with such racist and virile characterizations, such as calling him the "Orangutan in the White House" and the "Abolition Emperor, King Linkum the First." He was known to others during his lifetime and since then by other names — Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, Uncommon friend of the Common Man, Old Abe, Father Abraham, or the Great Emancipator”. ‘From Revolution to Reconstruction’, Abraham Lincoln, Biography (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/about/lincoln.htm)
  183. ^ Thomas Dilorenzo, author of “The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War” (Prima Lifestyles, March 26, 2002) writes on Lewrockwell.com about the controversy caused by his book in an article called, “Claremont’s Court Historians’ (http://www.lewrockwell.com/dilorenzo/dilorenzo31.html) states that, “Lincoln was in fact obsessed with "colonization," which caused abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison to denounce him as the "slave hound from Illinois" who had "not a drop of anti-slavery blood in his veins."”
  184. ^ “Abraham Lincoln has long been endeared in the hearts of all of humankind — including those southerners and operatives of the status quo antebellum, who at the time viewed him with such racist and virile characterizations, such as calling him the "Orangutan in the White House" and the "Abolition Emperor, King Linkum the First." He was known to others during his lifetime and since then by other names — Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, Uncommon friend of the Common Man, Old Abe, Father Abraham, or the Great Emancipator”. ‘From Revolution to Reconstruction’, Abraham Lincoln, Biography (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/about/lincoln.htm)
  185. ^ Library of Congress Presents ‘America’s Story from America’s Library’, U.S. Presidents, Abraham Lincoln (http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/presidents/lincoln/humor_2), refers to a song about Lincoln called, “Hey! Uncle Abe, are you joking yet?”
  186. ^ http://www.lincolnpresenters.org/Quotes.htm Association of Lincoln Presenters, Lincoln Quotes, “LINCOLN had many nicknames such as Honest Abe, the Railsplitter, the Liberator, the Emancipator, the Ancient One, the Martyr”.
  187. ^ http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html VitaminQ – a temple of trivia lists and curious words, January 27 2003, American presidential nicknames
  188. ^ http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/lincoln/section12.rhtml SparkNotes: Today’s Most Popular Study Guides, Abraham Lincoln Study Guide, 1862-1864 – Part 2 “During a time of war, the executive always plays a stronger role than usual, and Lincoln was no exception to this rule. His uncompromising style as commander- in-chief, coupled with his ambitious domestic program to preserve and further the Union, earned him the nickname of "the tycoon".”
  189. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  190. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  191. ^ http://www.britannicaindia.com/biographies_newtry.asp?id=238 Encyclopedia Britannica India, Born on this day, James Buchanan April 23 1791 “During the [1856 election] campaign Republican speakers harped on Buchanan's seemingly heartless statement that ten cents a day was adequate pay for a workingman. They jeered him as "Ten-Cent Jimmy."”
  192. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  193. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  194. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  195. ^ This was used in the title of Roy Nichols’ biography, “Franklin Pierce: Young Hickory of the Granite Hills” (American Political Biography Press, August 1993) ISBN-10: 0945707061. ISBN-13: 978-0945707066)
  196. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  197. ^ “Fifty years later, the Democrats nominated Franklin Pierce for president in part of his alleged record in the Mexican American War. Unfortunately he had fallen off his horse at one point and the opponent took to referring to him as the fainting general”. Online News Hour, ‘Old Wounds’, August 24, 2004, Margaret Warner speaks with presidential historian Michael Beschloss; Richard Norton Smith,director of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library; and Meena Bose, professor of American politics at West Point, to explore the question of why the Vietnam War remains such a potent political issue. (http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/politics/july-dec04/vietnam_8-25.html)
  198. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  199. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  200. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  201. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  202. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  203. ^ A profile of Zachary Taylor (http://bhorlor.4mg.com/taylor.html) is subtitled with his nicknames, ‘The Hero of Buena Vista’ and ‘Ol’ Rough and Ready’
  204. ^ The Glittering Eye (http://theglitteringeye.com/?cat=23&paged=6), Day Book, September 24 2004, item on Zachary Taylor mentions, “He had various nicknames—*“Old Rough and Ready” and “Old Buena Vista” since he was the hero of the Battle of Buena Vista in the Mexican-American War”.
  205. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource — In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Polk, (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/polk) including, “Nickname: "Young Hickory"”
  206. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  207. ^ History on NRO Weekend, September 30–October 1 2000: ‘The Veep’s Underwear: Getting nasty on the campaign trail’ by David Kopel of the Independence Institute (http://www.nationalreview.com/weekend/history/history-kopelprint093000.html) mentions that in the face of scurrilous allegations from the Democrats about Whig candidate Henry Clay, the Democratic contender, "Polk the Plodder" had led too dull a life for the Whigs to respond in kind”
  208. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  209. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  210. ^ Simple English Wikipedia’s entry on John Tyler (http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler) mentions that “Tyler was sometimes called "the President without a party" since both groups [Whig and Democrat] didn't want him”.
  211. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  212. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  213. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  214. ^ ‘Historynet.com: From the World’s Largest History Magazine Publisher’, American History: 1840 U.S. Presidential Campaign by David Johnson (http://www.historynet.com/magazines/american_history/3026611.html) says that, “While the Democrats adopted a platform denouncing federal assumption of state debts, opposing internal improvements, and calling for separation of public money from banking institutions, Weed decided to keep Harrison quiet and emphasize his war-hero record and humble character. The Democrats took aim at Harrison's silence, calling him "General Mum."”
  215. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  216. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  217. ^ ‘List of U.S. Presidential Nicknames. Encyclopedia of Political Information’ (http://www.politicalinformation.net/encyclopedia/List_of_U.S._Presidential_nicknames.htm)
  218. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  219. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  220. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  221. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  222. ^ The Wikipedia entry for Martin Van Buren says that, “Van Buren took the blame for hard times, as Whigs ridiculed him as Martin Van Ruin”.
  223. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  224. ^ http://www.members.aol.com/TeacherNet/President.html The American Presidents
  225. ^ http://www.allaboutstuff.com/All_Kinds_of_Trivia/about.asp All About Stuff, Presidential Nicknames by Brian H. Scott
  226. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  227. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  228. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  229. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  230. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  231. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  232. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  233. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  234. ^ Internet Movie Database cites James Monroe in connection with the film, “The Monroe Doctrine” (1939) based on his well-known policy initiative. It has this other information about him: nickname "James the Second"
  235. ^ At http://www.funtrivia.com/trivia-quiz/World/James-Monroe-Feelin-Good-149508.html there is a ‘James Monroe: Feelin’ Good! Quiz’ (Monroe being the ‘Era of Good Feelings President’), which says, “Test your knowledge of James the Lesser”
  236. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource — In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Monroe (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/monroe) including, his nicknames of the "Era-of-Good-Feelings President"
  237. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  238. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  239. ^ LiveJournal has an article (http://community.livejournal.com/hot_presidents/2223.html) entitled, “James "Withered Little Apple-John" Madison”
  240. ^ Davis School District, Social Studies Curriculum and Resources, Religious and Ethnic Observances Lesson Plan: Presidents Day (http://www.davis.k12.ut.us/district/curric/social/president.html) mentions several presidential nicknames, including, “The Fugitive President: James Madison (forced to leave Washington in the war of 1812)”
  241. ^ “The enemies of the fourth President of the U.S. called him "little Jemmy," or "his little majesty," or "withered little apple-John."” Time Magazine Online, November 3 1961, ‘Mr. Madison’s War’ (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897919-1,00.html)
  242. ^ “The enemies of the fourth President of the U.S. called him "little Jemmy," or "his little majesty," or "withered little apple-John."” Time Magazine Online, November 3 1961, ‘Mr. Madison’s War’ (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,897919-1,00.html)
  243. ^ Presidential Pets Museum.com has an article on Thomas Jefferson (http://www.presidentialpetmuseum.com/presidents/03TJ.htm) that states, “After the Congress approved his masterpiece and John Hancock became its first signer on July 4, 1776, Jefferson became known as the "Father of the Declaration of Independence"”.
  244. ^ Historic Families of Kentucky by Thomas Marshall Green, Cincinnati, 1889, reprinted Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc. 1959. pp. 72–76. [Mercer county]. (http://www.rootsweb.com/~kygenweb/kybiog/mercer/mcdowell.s.txt) writes of Samuel McDowell of Mercer County, Kentucky, “With unimpeached probity, and the utmost fidelity, he discharged the duties of the position during the remainder of the first and all of the second term of Washington, all that of John Adams, and part of that of Jefferson. He could not swerve from his devotion to the Federalism of Washington to secure the good will of "the apostle of Democracy," and was by him dismissed, and Colonel Crockett appointed as his successor”.
  245. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  246. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  247. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica Online shows a political cartoon from 1801 (http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-12069?articleTypeId=1) attacking the Jefferson Administration, which depicts Thomas Jefferson with the Devil, entitled, “Mad Tom in a Rage”.
  248. ^ Houghton Mifflin publishers have a page on their site about the book, “The Negro President: Jefferson and the Slave Power” by Gary Wills (ISBN-13/EAN: 9780618343980; ISBN-10: 0618343989) featuring the following excerpt: “Jefferson won the election of 1800 with Electoral College votes derived from the three-fifths representation of slaves, who could not vote but who were partially counted as citizens. That count was known as "the slave power" granted to southern states, and it made some Federalists call Jefferson the Negro President — one elected only by the slave count's margin”.
  249. ^ Need Free Essays.com has a page on Thomas Jefferson (http://www.needfreeessays.com/viewpaper/4964.html) showing part of a ‘Thomas Jefferson Biography from Research Assistance’, which writes of Jefferson, “He had prominent cheekbones and chin, large hands and feet, and red hair which earned him the nickname “the Red Fox””
  250. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  251. ^ The American Enterprise Online: Politics, Business and Culture; article ‘Purchase Louisiana? No thanks!’ by Bill Kaufman (http://www.taemag.com/issues/articleid.17879/article_detail.asp), writes in reference to Thomas Jefferson, “Atrabilious Timothy Pickering, who despised "the Moonshine philosopher of Monticello," dreamed of a Northern confederacy”
  252. ^ Miller Center for Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Academic Programs, American President: An Online Resource — In-depth information reviewed by prominent scholars on each president and administration, has full biographical information on Monroe (http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/academic/americanpresident/jefferson) including, his nickname of the "Man of the People"
  253. ^ http://www.presidentsgraves.com/john%20adams%20second%20president.htm, ‘John Adams Second President’, says “Nickname: Duke of Braintree”
  254. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  255. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  256. ^ Humanities Web, American Founders, John Adams, by John Lord, LLD. (http://humanitiesweb.org/human.php?s=h&p=c&a=b&ID=503) writes that, “Jefferson spoke of him as "the colossus of debate"”.
  257. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  258. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  259. ^ (http://library.thinkquest.org/4321/j_adams.htm)
    • “John Adams from Massuchusetts, helped to write the Declaration of Independence. He was a patriot lawyer who earned the name "Old sink or swim." He got the name because he said, To sink or swim, to live or die, survive or perish with my country. He was in total opposition to Great Britain from the very beginning and vowed when the Stamp Act was put into place that he would never be a slave!”
  260. ^ The Hoover Institution, Policy Review, Features, ‘The Vice Presidency Grows Up’ by Alvin S. Felzenberg (http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/3479312.html). “Although the Founders anticipated that vice presidents would succeed to the presidency, save for presiding over the Senate where he could vote in case of a tie, they did not give the vice president all that much to do. Benjamin Franklin, suggesting this was by intention, recommended the vice president [John Adams] be addressed as “Your Superfluous Excellency.””
  261. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  262. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  263. ^ The True George Washington, Soldier, Strategy (http://www.infoplease.com/t/history/true-washington/courage.html) quotes Timothy Pickering as writing, "His great caution in respect to the enemy, acquired him the name of the American Fabius”.
  264. ^ http://www.parconresearch.com/surveys/leadership.htm, ‘Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus: The Perfect Leader?’, “It's easy to see why history sometimes refers to George Washington as "the American Cincinnatus". Washington too did great things then went back to his farm”.
  265. ^ Website: ‘VitaminQ — a temple of trivia lists and curious words’ (http://www.vitaminq.blogspot.com/2003_01_01_vitaminq_archive.html)
  266. ^ Wikipedia has an entry for ‘Town Destroyer’, in which this is explained as a nickname given to George Washington by the Iroquois.
  267. ^ Classroomhelp.com. Article: The Nicknames of the Presidents (http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/nicknames.html)
  268. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  269. ^ http://au.geocities.com/austlingsoc/proceedings/als2002/Gladkova.pdf Proceedings of the 2002 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, The Semantics of Nicknames of the American Presidents by Anna Gladkova of the Australian National University and Nizhny Novgorod Linguistic University, Russia
  270. ^ This nickname was used in the title of, “His Excellency: George Washington” by Joseph J. Ellis (Knopf; Rough-cut edition (October 26, 2004. ISBN-10: 1400040310. ISBN-13: 978-1400040315). A review of this book at http://www.isi.edu/~jlacoss/books/details/1799.html, writes, “And yet each of them — Franklin, Hamilton, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison — acknowledged Washington to be his superior, the only indispensable figure, the one and only “His Excellency””.

References

  • Paleta, Lu Ann, and Fred Worth. The World Almanac of Presidential Facts. Pharos Books, 1993.
  • DeGregario, William A. The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents. Barricade Books, 1991.
  • The White House website at www.whitehouse.gov

Presidential trivia lists

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