Dianthovirus: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{Taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| virus_group = iv
{{virusbox
| familia = '''''Tombusviridae'''''
| genus = ''Dianthovirus''
| taxon = Dianthovirus
}}
}}


The [[viruses]] of the [[genus]] '''''Dianthovirus''''' belong to the [[family]] [[Tombusviridae]]. Dianthoviruses are [[plant viruses]]. Examples of species of this genus include the type species, [[Carnation ringspot virus]], [[Red clover necrotic mosaic virus]] and [[Sweet clover necrotic mosaic virus]]. The virus probably has a worldwide distribution (1). The viruses can be (and have been) transmitted via [[nematodes]], by mechanical inoculation, by grafting of plants and by contact between infected hosts with previously uninfected [[Host (biology)|host]] (1).
'''''Dianthovirus''''' is a genus of [[viruses]], in the family ''[[Tombusviridae]]''. Dianthoviruses are [[plant viruses]]. There are three species in this genus. The virus probably has a worldwide distribution, and can be transmitted via [[nematodes]], by mechanical inoculation, by grafting of plants and by contact between infected hosts with previously uninfected [[Host (biology)|host]].<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/633.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |date=March 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021}}</ref>


==Particles==
==Taxonomy==
The genus contains the following species:<ref name=ICTV />
⚫
Viruses of this genus have round, non-enveloped capsids with icosahedral symmetry and a “hexagonal” appearance (1). The capsid is 31-35&nbsp;nm in diameter. The [[buoyant density]] in CsCl of virions is between 1.363-1.366 g cm-3(1). They have a sedimentation coefficient of 126-132-135 S20w (1). The [[pH]] of their [[isoelectric point]] is 4.5 (1). The virions become inactive from about 80-90 °C and are inactive above those temperatures. They are viable [[in vitro]] for about 50-70 days (1). Treatment with [[ether]] either decreases or does not alter their [[infectivity]] (1). No [[lipids]] have so far been reported (1).
* ''[[Carnation ringspot virus]]''
* ''[[Red clover necrotic mosaic virus]]''
* ''[[Sweet clover necrotic mosaic virus]]''

==Structure==
⚫
Viruses in ''Dianthovirus'' are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, a “hexagonal” appearance, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 28-34&nbsp;nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 11.3-1.4kb in length. The [[buoyant density]] in CsCl of virions is between 1.363 and 1.366 g cm-3. They have a sedimentation coefficient of 126-132-135 S20w. The [[pH]] of their [[isoelectric point]] is 4.5. The virions become inactive from about 80-90&nbsp;°C and are inactive above those temperatures. They are viable [[in vitro]] for about 50–70 days. Treatment with [[diethyl ether|ether]] either decreases or does not alter their [[infectivity]]. No [[lipids]] have so far been reported.<ref name=ViralZone />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|''Dianthovirus''||Icosahedral||T=3||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|}

==Life cycle==
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using the premature termination model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical, seed borne, and contact.<ref name=ViralZone />

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|''Dianthovirus''||Plants||None||Viral movement; mechanical inoculation||Viral movement||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Mechanical: contact; seed
|}


==Genome==
==Genome==
These viruses have segmented, [[bipartite]] genomes that are linear, positive-sense, single-stranded [[RNA]] (1). These genomes are about 5300 nucleotides in length (1). They have a methylated cap at the 5'-end whose sequence type is m7GpppA (1). The [[genome]] also codes for non-structural [[proteins]] as well as structural proteins (1). Three non-structural proteins have been found (1).
These viruses have segmented, bipartite genomes that are linear, positive-sense, single-stranded [[RNA]] (1). These genomes are about 5300 nucleotides in length (1). They have a methylated cap at the 5'-end whose sequence type is m7GpppA (1). The [[genome]] also codes for non-structural [[proteins]] as well as structural proteins (1). Three non-structural proteins have been found (1).


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/633.html '''Viralzone''': Dianthovirus]
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/633.html '''Viralzone''': Dianthovirus]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5271721}}


[[Category:Virology]]
[[Category:Tombusviridae]]
[[Category:Virus genera]]

Latest revision as of 15:58, 13 February 2023

Dianthovirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Tolucaviricetes
Order: Tolivirales
Family: Tombusviridae
Subfamily: Regressovirinae
Genus: Dianthovirus

Dianthovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Tombusviridae. Dianthoviruses are plant viruses. There are three species in this genus. The virus probably has a worldwide distribution, and can be transmitted via nematodes, by mechanical inoculation, by grafting of plants and by contact between infected hosts with previously uninfected host.[1][2]

Taxonomy[edit]

The genus contains the following species:[2]

Structure[edit]

Viruses in Dianthovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, a “hexagonal” appearance, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 28-34 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 11.3-1.4kb in length. The buoyant density in CsCl of virions is between 1.363 and 1.366 g cm-3. They have a sedimentation coefficient of 126-132-135 S20w. The pH of their isoelectric point is 4.5. The virions become inactive from about 80-90 °C and are inactive above those temperatures. They are viable in vitro for about 50–70 days. Treatment with ether either decreases or does not alter their infectivity. No lipids have so far been reported.[1]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Dianthovirus Icosahedral T=3 Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite

Life cycle[edit]

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription, using the premature termination model of subgenomic RNA transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical, seed borne, and contact.[1]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Dianthovirus Plants None Viral movement; mechanical inoculation Viral movement Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Mechanical: contact; seed

Genome[edit]

These viruses have segmented, bipartite genomes that are linear, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (1). These genomes are about 5300 nucleotides in length (1). They have a methylated cap at the 5'-end whose sequence type is m7GpppA (1). The genome also codes for non-structural proteins as well as structural proteins (1). Three non-structural proteins have been found (1).

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2021.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dianthovirus&oldid=1139141479"