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{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{taxobox
{{virusbox
| virus_group = i
| taxon = Lambdavirus
| ordo = ''[[Caudovirales]]''
| familia = ''[[Siphoviridae]]''
| subfamilia = ''Unassigned''
| genus = '''''Lambdalikevirus'''''
⚫
| type_species = ''[[Enterobacteria phage lambda]]''
}}
}}


'''''Lambdalikevirus''''' (synonyms ''Lambda-like viruses'', ''Lambda-like phages'', ''Lambda phage group'', ''Lambda phage'') is a genus of [[virus]]es in the order [[Caudovirales]], in the family [[Siphoviridae]]. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion.. There are currently three species in this genus, including the type species [[Enterobacteria phage lambda]].<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/512.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=NCBI />
'''''Lambdavirus''''' (synonyms ''Lambda-like viruses'', ''Lambda-like phages'', ''Lambda phage group'', ''Lambda phage'') is a genus of [[virus]]es in the order ''[[Caudovirales]]'', in the family ''[[Siphoviridae]]''. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are five species in this genus.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/512.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=1 July 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |date=March 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref><ref name=NCBI /> The genus also includes several unclassified viruses—including the [[corynebacteriophage|corynephages]] β and ω, which infect ''[[Corynebacterium diphtheriae]]'' and carry the deadly [[diphtheria toxin]].<ref name=NCBI10703>NCBI: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=10703&lvl=3&srchmode=2 Corynephage beta] (species)</ref><ref name=NCBI10714>NCBI: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=10714&lvl=3&srchmode=2 Corynephage omega] (species)</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The following species are recognized:<ref name=ICTV />
<big>'''Group: dsDNA'''</big>
⚫
* ''[[Enterobacteria virus O276]]''
{{Collapsible list|title= <big>Order: [[Caudovirales]]</big>
* ''[[Escherichia virus DE3]]''
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Family: [[Siphoviridae]]
* ''[[Escherichia virus HK629]]''
|1={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: Lambdalikevirus</small>}}
* ''[[Escherichia virus HK630]]''
*<small>[[Enterobacteria phage HK022]]</small>
* ''[[Lambda phage|Escherichia virus Lambda]]''
*<small>[[Enterobacteria phage HK97]]</small>
*<small>'''''[[Enterobacteria phage lambda]]'''''</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}
}}
<ref name=ICTV />


==Structure==
==Structure==
Lambdalikeviruses are [[viral envelope|nonenveloped]], with a head and tail. The head is about 60&nbsp;nm in diameter, consisting of 72 capsomers (T=7, levo).<ref name=ViralZone />
Lambdaviruses are [[viral envelope|nonenveloped]], with a head and tail. The head is about 60&nbsp;nm in diameter, consisting of 72 capsomers (T=7, levo).<ref name=ViralZone />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic Arrangement !! Genomic Segmentation
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|-
|Lambdalikevirus||Head-Tail||T=7, levo||Non-Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|''Lambdavirus''||Head-Tail||T=7, levo||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|}
|}


==Genome==
==Genome==
All three species have been fully sequenced. They range between 39k and 49k nucleotides, with 57 to 73 proteins. All three complete genomes, as well as several similar but unclassified strains, are available [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?taxid=186765 here]<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web|last1=NCBI|title=Lambdalikevirus Complete Genomes|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?taxid=186765 |accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref>
All species have been fully sequenced. They range between 42k and 49k nucleotides, with 56 to 73 proteins.<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |title=''Lambdavirus'' - 5 complete genomes |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?taxid=186765 |publisher=NCBI |access-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>


==Life cycle==
==Life cycle==
Line 40: Line 31:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Host Details !! Tissue Tropism !! Entry Details !! Release Details !! Replication Site !! Assembly Site !! Transmission
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|-
|Lambdalikevirus||Bacteria||None||Injection||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion
|Lambdavirus||Bacteria||None||Injection||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion
|}
|}


==History==
==History==
According to [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]'s [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%201st%20Report.pdf first report] in 1971, the genus '''''Lambdalikevirus''''' was first accepted under the name ''Lambda phage'', unassigned to order, family, or subfamily. In the [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%202nd%20Report.pdf second report] (1975), the genus was renamed to ''Lambda phage group''. Upon its creation in 1984, the genus was assigned to family ''[[Siphoviridae]]''. In 1995, ICTV's [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf sixth report] once again changed the genus' name, this time to ''Lambda-like phages''. The whole family was moved to the newly created order ''[[Caudovirales]]'' in 1998, and the genus was renamed to ''Lambda-like viruses'' in ICTV's [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf seventh report] in 1999. In [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2011.010aB.A.v2.Caudovirales_genus-ren.pdf 2012], the genus was renamed again, to '''''Lambdalikevirus'''''.<ref name=ICTV/>
According to [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]'s [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%201st%20Report.pdf first report] in 1971, the genus ''Lambdalikevirus'' was first accepted under the name ''Lambda phage'', unassigned to order, family, or subfamily. In the [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%202nd%20Report.pdf second report] (1975), the genus was renamed to ''Lambda phage group''. Upon its creation in 1984, the genus was assigned to family ''[[Siphoviridae]]''. In 1995, ICTV's [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf sixth report] once again changed the genus' name, this time to ''Lambda-like phages''. The whole family was moved to the newly created order ''[[Caudovirales]]'' in 1998, and the genus was renamed to ''Lambda-like viruses'' in ICTV's [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf seventh report] in 1999. In [https://web.archive.org/web/20150211233011/http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2011.010aB.A.v2.Caudovirales_genus-ren.pdf 2012], the genus was renamed again, to ''Lambdalikevirus''.<ref name=ICTV/> The genus was later renamed to '''''Lambdavirus'''''.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External Links==
==External links==
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/512.html '''Viralzone''': Lambdalikevirus]
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/512.html '''Viralzone''': Lambdalikevirus]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']

{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q18813097}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}


[[Category:Siphoviridae]]
[[Category:Siphoviridae]]
[[Category:Caudovirales]]
[[Category:Virus genera]]

Latest revision as of 12:47, 30 January 2023

Lambdavirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Siphoviridae
Genus: Lambdavirus

Lambdavirus (synonyms Lambda-like viruses, Lambda-like phages, Lambda phage group, Lambda phage) is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Siphoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are five species in this genus.[1][2][3] The genus also includes several unclassified viruses—including the corynephages β and ω, which infect Corynebacterium diphtheriae and carry the deadly diphtheria toxin.[4][5]

Taxonomy[edit]

The following species are recognized:[2]

Structure[edit]

Lambdaviruses are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head is about 60 nm in diameter, consisting of 72 capsomers (T=7, levo).[1]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Lambdavirus Head-Tail T=7, levo Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite

Genome[edit]

All species have been fully sequenced. They range between 42k and 49k nucleotides, with 56 to 73 proteins.[3]

Life cycle[edit]

The virus attaches to the host cell's adhesion receptors using its terminal fiber, and ejects the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via long flexible tail ejection system. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting, and +1 ribosomal frameshifting. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[1]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Lambdavirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion

History[edit]

According to ICTV's first report in 1971, the genus Lambdalikevirus was first accepted under the name Lambda phage, unassigned to order, family, or subfamily. In the second report (1975), the genus was renamed to Lambda phage group. Upon its creation in 1984, the genus was assigned to family Siphoviridae. In 1995, ICTV's sixth report once again changed the genus' name, this time to Lambda-like phages. The whole family was moved to the newly created order Caudovirales in 1998, and the genus was renamed to Lambda-like viruses in ICTV's seventh report in 1999. In 2012, the genus was renamed again, to Lambdalikevirus.[2] The genus was later renamed to Lambdavirus.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Lambdavirus - 5 complete genomes". NCBI. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  4. ^ NCBI: Corynephage beta (species)
  5. ^ NCBI: Corynephage omega (species)

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lambdavirus&oldid=1136464312"