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{{Short description|Genus of viruses}}
{{taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| virus_group = i
{{Virusbox
| ordo = ''[[Caudovirales]]''
| image =
| familia = ''[[Myoviridae]]''
| image_alt =
| subfamilia = ''[[Tevenvirinae]]''
| image_caption =
| genus = '''''T4virus'''''
| taxon = Tequatrovirus
| type_species = ''[[Enterobacteria phage T4]]''
| synonyms = ''T4virus''
| synonyms_ref =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
}}


'''''T4virus''''' is a genus of [[virus]]es in the order [[Caudovirales]], in the family [[Myoviridae]], in the subfamily [[Tevenvirinae]]. [[Gram-negative bacteria]] serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently twelve species in this genus, including the type species ''[[Enterobacteria phage T4]]''.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/504.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV /><ref name=NCBI />
'''''Tequatrovirus''''' is a genus of [[virus]]es in the order ''[[Caudovirales]]'', in the family ''[[Myoviridae]]'', in the subfamily ''[[Tevenvirinae]]''. [[Gram-negative bacteria]] serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 75 species in this genus.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/viralzone/all_by_species/504.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=11 February 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV /><ref name=NCBI />


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The following species are assigned to the genus:<ref name=ICTV />
<big>'''Group: dsDNA'''</big>

{{Collapsible list|title= <big>Order: [[Caudovirales]]</big>
{{div col}}
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Family: [[Myoviridae]]
*''[[Citrobacter virus CrRp10]]''
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Sub-Family: [[Tevenvirinae]]
*''[[Citrobacter virus PhiZZ6]]''
|1={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: T4virus</small>}}
*''[[Citrobacter virus PhiZZ23]]''
*<small>[[Aeromonas phage 25]]</small>
*''[[Enterobacteria virus Aplg8]]''
*<small>[[Aeromonas phage 31]]</small>
*''[[Enterobacteria virus GiZh]]''
*<small>[[Aeromonas phage 44RR2.8t]]</small>
*<small>[[Enterobacteria phage SV14]]</small>
*''[[Enterobacteria virus IME340]]''
*<small>'''''[[Enterobacteria phage T4]]'''''</small>
*''[[Enterobacteria virus Kha5h]]''
*''[[Enterobacteria virus RB18]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage JS98]]</small>
*''[[Enterobacteria virus RB27]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage phi1]]</small>
*''[[Enterobacteria virus T6]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB14]]</small>
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB16]]</small>
*''[[Escherichia virus AR1]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB32]]</small>
*''[[Escherichia virus AREG1]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB43]]</small>
*''[[Escherichia virus C40]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB49]]</small>
*''[[Escherichia virus CF2]]''
*<small>[[Escherichia phage RB69]]</small>
*''[[Escherichia virus DalCa]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus E112]]''
*<small>[[Pseudomonas phage 42]]</small>
*''[[Escherichia virus EC121]]''
{{hidden end}}
*''[[Escherichia virus ECML134]]''
}}
*''[[Escherichia virus EcNP1]]''
}}
*''[[Escherichia virus ECO4]]''
}}
*''[[Escherichia virus EcoMF1]]''
<ref name=ICTV />
*''[[Escherichia virus F2]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus fFiEco06]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus G8]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus G28]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus G50]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus G4498]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus G4507]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus G9062]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus HY01]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus HY03]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus Ime09]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus IME537]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus KAW1E185]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus KIT03]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus Lutter]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus NBEco003]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus NBG2]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus OE5505]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus Ozark]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus PD112]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus PE37]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus PP01]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus RB3]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus RB14]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus RB32]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus slur03]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus slur04]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus T2]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus T4]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus teqdroes]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus teqhad]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus teqskov]]''
*''[[Escherichia virus YUEEL01]]''
*''[[Salmonella virus SG1]]''
*''[[Salmonella virus SNUABM-01]]''
*''[[Serratia virus PhiZZ30]]''
*''[[Shigella virus CM8]]''
*''[[Shigella virus JK45]]''
*''[[Shigella virus pSs1]]''
*''[[Shigella virus Sf21]]''
*''[[Shigella virus Sf22]]''
*''[[Shigella virus Sf23]]''
*''[[Shigella virus Sf24]]''
*''[[Shigella virus SH7]]''
*''[[Shigella virus SHBML501]]''
*''[[Shigella virus SHBML-50-1]]''
*''[[Shigella virus Shfl2]]''
*''[[Shigella virus SHFML11]]''
*''[[Shigella virus SHFML26]]''
*''[[Yersinia virus D1]]''
*''[[Yersinia virus fPS-2]]''
*''[[Yersinia virus PST]]''
*''[[Yersinia virus PYPS2T]]''
*''[[Yersinia virus ZN18]]''
{{div col end}}


==Structure==
==Structure==
T4viruse species are [[viral envelope|nonenveloped]], with a head and tail. The head is a [[prolate spheroid]] approximately 120&nbsp;nm in length and 86&nbsp;nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has 6 long terminal fibers, 6 short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.<ref name=ViralZone />
''Tequatrovirus'' species are [[viral envelope|nonenveloped]], with a head and tail. The head is a [[prolate spheroid]] approximately 120&nbsp;nm in length and 86&nbsp;nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has six long terminal fibers, six short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.<ref name=ViralZone />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic Arrangement !! Genomic Segmentation
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|-
|T4virus||Head-Tail||T=13 Q=21||Non-Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|''Tequatrovirus''||Head-Tail||T=13 Q=21||Non-enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|}
|}


==Genome==
==Genome==
Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins.<ref name=ViralZone/> Twelve of the fourteen species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?opt=phage&taxid=10663], along with the complete genome for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains.<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web|last1=NCBI|title=T4virus Complete Genomes|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?opt=phage&taxid=10663|accessdate=13 February 2015}}</ref>
Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins.<ref name=ViralZone/> Some species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from the [[National Center for Biotechnology Information]], along with the complete genomes for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains.<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web|last1=NCBI|title=T4virus Complete Genomes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/GenomesGroup.cgi?opt=phage&taxid=10663|accessdate=13 February 2015}}</ref>


==Life cycle==
==Life cycle==
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria and gram-negative serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone />
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and [[T4 holin|holin]]/[[endolysin]]/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Host Details !! Tissue Tropism !! Entry Details !! Release Details !! Replication Site !! Assembly Site !! Transmission
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|-
|T4virus||Bacteria: gram negative||None||Injection||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion
|''Tequatrovirus''||Bacteria: gram negative||None||Injection||Lysis||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Passive diffusion
|}
|}


==History==
==History==
The [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]'s first report (1971) included the genus ''T-even phages'', unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily. The genus was renamed in 1976 to ''T-even phage group'', moved into the newly created family ''Myoviridae'' in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to ''T4-like phages'', and was moved into the newly created order ''Caudovirales'' in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to ''T4-like viruses''. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily ''Tevenvirinae'' in 2010-11, renamed to '''''T4likevirus''''' in 2012, and renamed again to ''T4virus'' in 2015. The proposals before 1993, and from 1998 are unavailable online. The other proposals are available here: [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf 1993], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf 1999], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2009.007a-rB.A.v3.Tevenvirinae.pdf 2010], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2011.010aB.A.v2.Caudovirales_genus-ren.pdf 2012].<ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|publisher=[[ICTV]]|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2015 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=4 March 2017}}</ref>
The [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|ICTV]]'s first report (1971) included the genus ''T-even phages'', unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily. The genus was renamed in 1976 to ''T-even phage group'', moved into the newly created family ''Myoviridae'' in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to ''T4-like phages'', and was moved into the newly created order ''Caudovirales'' in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to '''''T4-like viruses'''''. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily ''Tevenvirinae'' in 2010-11, renamed to '''''T4likevirus''''' in 2012, and renamed again to ''T4virus'' in 2015. The proposals before 1993, and from 1998 are unavailable online. The other proposals are available here: [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf 1993], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/ICTV%207th%20Report.pdf 1999], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2009.007a-rB.A.v3.Tevenvirinae.pdf 2010], [http://ictvonline.org/proposals/2011.010aB.A.v2.Caudovirales_genus-ren.pdf 2012].<ref name=ICTV>{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |date=March 2021 |access-date=11 May 2021}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 64: Line 123:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/504.html '''Viralzone''': T4likevirus]
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/504.html '''Viralzone''': T4virus]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q69866765|from2=Q4348591}}


[[Category:Caudovirales]]
[[Category:Myoviridae]]
[[Category:Tevenvirinae]]
[[Category:Tevenvirinae]]
[[Category:Virus genera]]

Latest revision as of 12:44, 30 January 2023

Tequatrovirus
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Myoviridae
Subfamily: Tevenvirinae
Genus: Tequatrovirus
Species

See text

Synonyms

T4virus

Tequatrovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Caudovirales, in the family Myoviridae, in the subfamily Tevenvirinae. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are 75 species in this genus.[1][2][3]

Taxonomy[edit]

The following species are assigned to the genus:[2]

Structure[edit]

Tequatrovirus species are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head is a prolate spheroid approximately 120 nm in length and 86 nm in width, with an elongated icosahedral symmetry (T=13, Q=21) composed of 152 total capsomers. The tail has six long terminal fibers, six short spikes, and a small base plate. The tail is enclosed in a sheath, which loosens and slides around the tail core upon contraction.[1]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Tequatrovirus Head-Tail T=13 Q=21 Non-enveloped Linear Monopartite

Genome[edit]

Genomes are linear, around 169kb in length. The genome codes for 300 proteins.[1] Some species have been fully sequenced and are available from ICTV. They range between 159k and 235k nucleotides, with 242 to 292 proteins. The complete genomes are available from the National Center for Biotechnology Information, along with the complete genomes for dozens of other similar, unclassified virus strains.[3]

Life cycle[edit]

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and uses viral exolysin to degrade the cell wall enough to eject the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Gram-negative bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[1]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Tequatrovirus Bacteria: gram negative None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion

History[edit]

The ICTV's first report (1971) included the genus T-even phages, unassigned to an order, family, or subfamily. The genus was renamed in 1976 to T-even phage group, moved into the newly created family Myoviridae in 1981. In 1993, it was renamed again to T4-like phages, and was moved into the newly created order Caudovirales in 1998. The next year (1999), it was renamed to T4-like viruses. Once more, the genus was moved into the newly created subfamily Tevenvirinae in 2010-11, renamed to T4likevirus in 2012, and renamed again to T4virus in 2015. The proposals before 1993, and from 1998 are unavailable online. The other proposals are available here: 1993, 1999, 2010, 2012.[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
  3. ^ a b NCBI. "T4virus Complete Genomes". Retrieved 13 February 2015.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tequatrovirus&oldid=1136463799"