Čížov (Horní Břečkov)

Čížov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihomoravský kraj
District :	Znojmo
Municipality :	Horní Břečkov
Area :	1468.9189 ha
Geographic location :	48 ° 53 ' N , 15 ° 52' E Coordinates: 48 ° 52 '44 " N , 15 ° 52' 22" E
Height:	423 m nm
Residents :	68 (2001)
Postal code :	671 02
License plate :	B.
traffic
Street:	Lesná - Čížov

Main street of Čížov

Čížov (German Zaisa ) is a district of the municipality Horní Břečkov in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers west of Znojmo near the Czech-Austrian border and belongs to the Okres Znojmo .

geography

Čížov is located in the area of the National Park Podyjí in the Vranovská pahorkatina ( Frainer hills ). The street village is located at the southwestern foot of the Větrník ( Mühlberg , 510 m nm) on a terrace on the right side above the valley of the Klaperův potok ( Rohnsbach ). The Schwemmbach rises to the southwest of the village. In the east rises the Čížovský kopec ( Jaser , 438 m nm), southeast of the Trávníčkův kopec (428 m nm), in the southwest of the Vinohrad (440 m nm) and the Na Vyhlídce ( Brünndelberg , 450 m nm). One and a half to two kilometers to the west and south of the village runs the deeply carved valley of the Thaya , which in this section leaves the Czech territory and forms the border with Austria .

Neighboring towns are Lesná in the north, Vracovice , Horní Břečkov and Milíčovice in the northeast, Citonice and Bezkov in the east, Mašovice , Lukov and Nová Ves in the southeast, Merkersdorf and Hardegg in the south, Mallersbach and Felling in the southwest, Podmyče in the west and Zadní Hamry, Vranov nad Dyjí and Onšov in the northwest.

history

Archaeological finds prove an early settlement of the area, two stone axes from the Stone Age were found between Čížov and Horní Břečkov .

The first written mention of the village Čížov, which belongs to Frain Castle , took place on September 28, 1323, when King John of Luxembourg exchanged the manorial castle together with the town of Jevíčko with Heinrich von Leipa for the town of Tachov . The subsequent owners were the lords of Lichtenburg , who sold the rule to Ar Kleb von Boskowitz in 1515 ; while Čížov was named as a desert village. After that, the rule belonged to Johann von Pernstein from 1523 and Zdenek Mezeřícký from Lomnitz from 1525; During this time the place was repopulated with German settlers. When Wolf Kraiger von Kraigk acquired the Frain rule in 1552 , Zeyssa was inhabited again. The following owners were from 1558 Peter Čertoregský von Čertoreg, from 1570 the Lords von Dietrichstein and from 1601 Hans Wolfarth Strein von Schwarzenau. In 1618 Wolf Dietrich von Althann acquired the rule, his possessions were confiscated because of his participation in the class uprising after the battle of the White Mountain . From 1629 the rule belonged to Johann Ernst von Scherfenberg and from 1665 to the Counts of Starhemberg . In 1647 the plague broke out. In 1680 Imperial Count Michael Johann von Althann acquired the Frain rule. In 1718 the village was called Zeysa . Construction of the chapel began in 1756 and the cemetery was laid out in 1770. Josef von Althann, who had owned the estate since 1774, got so deeply into debt with the renovation of Frain Castle that he went bankrupt in 1793. From this, Joseph Hilgartner Ritter von Lilienborn acquired the rule, he sold it in 1799 to Stanislaw Count Mniszek. During the Napoleonic Wars, French soldiers were billeted in Zaisa in 1805 and 1809. In 1821 a one-class elementary school was established.

In 1834 the village Zaisa or Čižow , formerly also called Čihow , consisted of 49 houses with 255 predominantly German-speaking inhabitants. There was a school and a chapel in the village. The parish was Fröschau . Until the middle of the 19th century, Zaisa remained subject to the allodial rule of Frain and Neuhäusel Castle. The place of office was the Markt Frain.

After the abolition of patrimonial Zaisa / Čížov formed a municipality in the judicial district of Frain from 1849. In 1868 the village became part of the Znojmo region. The Austrian Tourist Club built the Luitgardenwarte pavilion on the rock opposite Hardegg around 1870 . Between 1873 and 1874 the road from Niederfladnitz to Hardegg was rebuilt on the Austrian side, and the ford through the Thaya was also replaced by a new road bridge. In 1884 the road was continued on the Moravian side from the Thaya bridge via Zaisa and Oberfröschau to Znaimer Straße near Edenthurn . In 1894 the school house was rebuilt. In 1900 the communities of Oberfröschau, Luggau , Milleschitz , Edenthurn, Liliendorf and Zaisa founded a joint savings and loan fund based in Oberfröschau. In 1910, 196 people lived in the 51 houses in Zaisa, 189 of whom were German-speaking.

After the First World War , the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary disintegrated , and in 1918 Zaisa became part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic . The municipalities of Oberfröschau, Luggau, Milleschitz, Edenthurn, Liliendorf and Zaisa also jointly founded a dairy cooperative in 1924. In 1927 a volunteer fire brigade was formed in Zaisa. In the 1930 census, Zaisa consisted of 51 houses and had 223 residents, including 160 Germans. In the same year a customs house with customs officers' apartments was built in Zaisa. In the mid-1930s, two light bunker lines of the Czechoslovak Wall were built near Zaisa and along the border in the Thayatal . After the Munich Agreement , the village was occupied by German troops in 1938 and assigned to the German district of Znojmo . The customs office building, no longer needed for its original purpose, was used by the Reich Labor Service for women until 1945 . In 1939 Zaisa was incorporated into Oberfröschau. After the end of the Second World War Čížov came back to Czechoslovakia and again formed a municipality in Okres Znojmo . On 21 June 1945, the German inhabitants of Čížov were sold .

Memorial stone for the expellees in Hardegg

A memorial stone was erected in Hardegg to commemorate the expulsion of the German population after the Second World War .

The border crossing to Austria was closed in 1945. After 1948 the " Iron Curtain " was built in front of the border . In 1960 Čížov was incorporated into Horní Břečkov.

After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the Iron Curtain began to open. At the border crossings, Hardegg's Thaya bridge was also put back into service. The Thaya bridge was restored in early 1990; on April 12, 1990, the border crossing to Hardegg was reopened as a hiking crossing. Due to the planned establishment of the Podyjí National Park, however, the road was not released for cross-border motor vehicle traffic. In 1991 Čížov had 62 inhabitants. In the 2001 census, the place consisted of 33 houses in which 68 people lived. There are a total of 41 addresses in Čížov.

Attractions

Late baroque chapel of the Sorrowful Virgin Mary and the Fourteen Holy Helpers, it was built in the years 1756–1757 at the expense of the community and was consecrated to the Fourteen Holy Helpers. The builder Matthias Kirchmayer from Frain is probably responsible for the planning and construction . The client for the construction was the cavalry general Michael Anton Graf von Althann. He was the penultimate Althann on Frain. In 1785 an expansion of the chapel began and the tower was built in 1787. In 1862 the sacristy was built together with the frescoes by the altar. The chapel was so rarely used for liturgical purposes that the bishop in Brno forbade keeping the Holy of Holies here.
Jagdaltan pleasure house, built in the middle of the 18th century, in the forest northwest of the village
Thaya bridge Hardegg - Čížov , south of the village on the border with Austria
Hardeggská vyhlídka ( Luitgardenwarte ) lookout hall , south of the village on a rock above the Thayatal with a view of Hardegg and Hardegg Castle . It was built around 1870 a little away from the road from Zaisa to Hardegg by the still young Austrian tourist club ÖTK and named after the landowner's wife, Count Stadnitzky from Frain.
On the southern outskirts, facing the Hardegg border crossing, stands the former customs house with its bunker, which was once armed with machine guns. Today it houses the information center of the Národní park Podyjí .
Iron Curtain Memorial at Trávníčkův Kopec, far from the actual state border on the Thaya. It shows the only surviving section of the border fortifications that existed until 1989 in Czechoslovakia during the Cold War with a watchtower, border fences, barriers and signaling devices

Former village cemetery, it has not been used since the German-speaking local residents were expelled. On the gravestones - the cast iron crosses have disappeared except for one - the name Dungl dominates.

Pestmarterl from 1647

Folk style homesteads