Office Dettelbach

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The prince-bishop's office in Dettelbach was an administrative unit in the medieval and early modern bishopric of Würzburg with its seat in Dettelbach . The office was founded in 1484 to secure the influence of Würzburg and dissolved in 1804.

history

The history of the Dettelbach office is closely related to the manorial situation along the banks of the Main. Dettelbach was on an early medieval elevated road between Würzburg and Regensburg , which created a Franconian royal court to secure this road. In the High Middle Ages, the splitting up of the manorial power, typical of the Lower Franconian region, began. In Dettelbach, the Benedictine nuns of Kitzingen had rights, as did the Lords of Hohenlohe and the rising monastery of Würzburg.

In the course of the 14th century, the bishopric succeeded in bringing many villages into its sphere of influence and thus practically pushing the Hohenlohe out of this section of the Main. In 1351 the income in Dettelbach, Brück and Schnepfenbach, the places that would later form the core of the office, were bought. In 1357, however, the newly acquired goods and rights were pledged to the Knights of Dettelbach , because the bishopric had got into a financial crisis. The knights had their seat in the Dettelbacher castle .

During the 15th century, the Würzburg Benedictine monastery St. Stephan acquired many rights of use from the knights. However, the Würzburg bishopric had also recovered and Prince-Bishop Rudolf II von Scherenberg tried to get back pledged rights and property. So the monastery was pushed out of the Dettelbach area. The place itself became part of a targeted upgrade campaign by the bishop. In 1482 the settlement received a police order, in 1484 it was elevated to a town .

At the same time, Dettelbach also rose to become the official seat for the surrounding areas. This is how Brück, the western part of Schnepfenbach (across the stream), part of Neuses am Berg and Mainstockheim came to the office. The bailiff from Dettelbach was used to protect the residents. He was also responsible for receiving the homage of the Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from the heads of the family. In addition, taxes in kind were delivered in the office building.

With the elevation to the official city Dettelbach rose to the administrative and economic center of its surrounding area. In contrast to many other neighboring offices, the city did not have its own central court . Criminal cases were heard before the Kitzingen district court and the Würzburg district court. In the following years, the existence of the office remained untouched for over 300 years, only individual locations were transferred to other administrative units.

The statistics of the Hochstift Würzburg from 1699 name 424 subjects in 2nd cities and 4 villages. As annual revenues of the high pin out of office were taken away: estimate : 71 Reichstaler, 8¼ chunk, excise and Ungeld : 619 fl and smoke pounds : 414½ pounds.

In 1802, the Würzburg monastery was dissolved by Napoleon as part of the reorganization of Europe. The Dettelbach office continued to exist for two years, now belonging to the Electoral Palatinate of Bavaria , and was then also canceled. The places of the former office were then transferred to the newly created Dettelbach Regional Court , which was to last until 1862.

scope

The scope of the office changed only insignificantly over time. The local population was limited by the adjacent offices of Prosselsheim and Kitzingen. The town of Dettelbach and its office had particularly close ties to the two villages of Brück and Schnepfenbach , with the latter part being part of the older office of Prosselsheim due to its important mill. Only the eastern part of the village belonged to Dettelbach. It was not until 1792 that the place became fully part of the office.

The population of Neuses am Berg was divided, about half of the heads of the family were subject to the prince-bishop, the other half belonged to the Stephansberg office of the margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach . In 1551 the Dettelbach office was expanded to include the village of Hörblach , which had previously also been part of the margravate . The office experienced the last change in inventory when the Ganerbeer Mainstockheim was removed in 1699 and given to Kitzingen. The following places belonged to the office at the beginning of the 19th century:

  • Bridge
  • Dettelbach
  • Hörblach

Bailiffs (selection)

Little is known about the officials of the Dettelbach office. They were probably recruited from the lower aristocratic families and knights of the canton of Steigerwald , similar to the neighboring districts . Possibly the office was also connected to a fiefdom , so that the officials could partly collect the taxes on their own account. It is also significant that the position of Bailiff von Dettelbach was connected with that of Bailiff von Stadtschwarzach at least in the 16th century .

See also

literature

  • Hans Bauer: Dettelbach as the administrative headquarters and central location . In: City of Dettelbach (Ed.): Dettelbach. 1484-1984. Festschrift and small characteristics of a 500 year old city . Dettelbach 1984. pp. 37-39.
  • Hans Bauer: The cultural landscape development of the old Dettelbach office since the 16th century (= Mainfränkische Studien Volume 17 / I). Diss . Wuerzburg 1977.
  • Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Office Dettelbach . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 6 : V-Z . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1804, DNB  790364328 , OCLC 833753116 , Sp. 365 ( digitized version ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bauer, Hans: The cultural landscape development of the old office Dettelbach . P. 10.
  2. ^ Alfred Schröcker (editor): Statistics of the Würzburg bishopric around 1700, ISBN 3-8771-7031-5 , p. 65 ff.
  3. ^ Bauer, Hans: Dettelbach as the administrative seat and central location . P. 37.
  4. ^ Bauer, Hans: The cultural landscape development of the old office Dettelbach . Pp. 11-19.