Office Rothenfels

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The (upper) office of Rothenfels was an office of the Hochstift Würzburg and the principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim .

function

In the early modern period , offices were a level between the municipalities and the sovereignty . The functions of administration and jurisdiction were not separated here. The office was headed by a bailiff who was appointed by the rulers. The Rothenfels office was called the Oberamt in the 18th century. This was just a name; it was not associated with a superior position over other offices. It was also a central office , that is, a high court district.

history

The starting point for exercising power in the area was Rothenfels Castle . This was owned by the von Grumbach and after its extinction in 1243 the Count of Rieneck . Fief was given by the Würzburg monastery. After the death of Ludwig V. von Rieneck without male descendants in 1333, there was an inheritance dispute. Würzburg moved in the castle, town and office of Rothenfels as a completed fiefdom, but had to give half to Hanau and Hohenlohe as a fiefdom. In 1342 and 1346 Hanau and Hohenlohe sold their shares in Wittelsbach , Wittelsbach was also able to acquire part of the Würzburg half, so that Wittelsbach owned 2/3 and Würzburg 1/3. Würzburg later acquired 1/6 of Wittelsbach and in 1387 the entire Wittelsbach share, making it the sole owner. In 1506 and 1519 Wittelsbach again asserted claims and also sued the Reich Chamber of Commerce . A judgment was not issued and thus Würzburg remained in possession.

At the end of the 13th century, an official structure in Rothenfels emerged as part of the territorialization . The office was first mentioned in a document in 1282, and in 1343 the first bailiff was named.

From 1392 to 1497 the office or parts of it were pledged in many cases. The pledges were then the officials of the office.

After the Swedish conquest, King Gustav Adolf gave Rothenfels Castle and Office to his Colonel Axel Lillie in February 1632 . After the end of the occupation in 1634, the Würzburg rule was restored.

The statistics of the Hochstift Würzburg from 1699 name 1048 subjects in 1 city, 17 villages and 2 farms. The following were deducted from the office as annual income for the bishopric: Estimate : 210 Reichstaler, excise and ungeld : 197 fl and smoke pound : 917 pound.

In anticipation of the results of the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss , Kurpfalz-Bayern occupied the office in 1802. On December 6, 1802, Bavaria handed over the office to the Principality of Löwenstein-Wertheim. As a result of the Rhine Confederation Act , the left-Main Main half of the office came to the Grand Duchy of Baden . The right-Main half of the office came in 1806 to the state of the Prince Primate or the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . Löwenstein-Wertheim retained extensive rights as a registrar . The Office of Rothenfels remained the patrimonial court of first instance and was subordinate to the Princely and Countess Löwenstein-Wertheimsche and Graflich Erbachsche Justice Chancellery Kreuzwertheim as a second instance. In 1814, these places were mainly assigned to the Rothenfels Regional Court .

scope

At the end of the HRR , the office comprises the following locations: City of Rothenfels and the localities of Anspach , Bergrothenfels , Birkenfeld , Esselbach , Erlach , Greußenheim , Hafenlohr , Karbach , Mergenbrunn , Neustadt , Oberndorf , Pflochsbach , Roden , Sendelbach , Steinfeld , Waldzell , Windheim and Zimmer .

Cent Rothenfels

The Cent Rothenfels included the official places except Anspach. Then there were Neustadt am Main and the Reisenthal , Lindenfürst , Lauterhof and Obere Mühle farms near Steinfeld.

Rothenfels had a separate city court. This was responsible for the area within the city walls. So-called cent stones were placed at the gates to separate Centgericht. The court was held in front of the city in front of the lower city gate. The name Centwiese and Centbrunnen have been preserved as field names (about 250 meters south-southeast of the church). In bad or cold weather, the negotiation took place in the town hall. The gallows stood on the Mainberg and was preserved until 1823. The parcel “on the gallows”, about 1100 to 1500 meters south of the church, denotes the place.

building

House of the official cellar

Initially, the bailiff's seat was the castle. In 1755/56 the office building was built over an older cellar. It is a free-standing two-storey mansard hipped roof building with a coat of arms stone over a portal in the Baroque style. The former basement apartment (today's address: Hauptstraße 50) is now used as a residential building. It is a three-storey gable-hipped roof building with ornamental half-timbered upper floors above the ground floor with sandstone frames, portal with blown gable and shell niche with the figure of St. Michael above the outside staircase. The house dates from the 17th century, the portal is marked with "1730". All of the buildings mentioned are listed as historical monuments.

Personalities

(Senior) officers

Since the second half of the 17th century, the designation as Oberamtmann begins.

  • Goldsteynus (1343 "officiatus")
  • (Eberhard) von Goldstein called Gattenhofen (1343 "officiatus", 1349 bailiff)
  • Sybott von Rettersbach (1354 bailiff, Vogt)
  • Götz Stumpflin (1360)
  • Hans von Rieneck (1361)
  • Lamprecht, Edeler (1366)
  • Eckin Schorger (1391)
  • Götz Voigt von Rieneck (1391)
  • Reinhard Voigt von Rieneck (1395, unclear)
  • Götz Voigt von Rieneck (1398)
  • Lamprecht Faut of Rothenfels (1400)
  • Götz Voigt von Rieneck (1401–1406)
  • Endres of Luttenbach (1408, 1421 Vogt)
  • Dietz from Thüngen to Reußenberg (1417)
  • Hans Walhart, Knight (1465)
  • Dietz VII of Thüngen (1474)
  • Martin von Adelsheim (1479–1481)
  • Otto von der Kere (1481–1482)
  • Michael Voit von Rieneck (1481–1485)
  • Jakob von Helriet (1485)
  • Peter von Gebsattel (1494)
  • Anshelm of Eicholsheim (1497)
  • Christoffel von Carsbach, Junker (1499–1500)
  • Philipp von Weyler (1505, 1511)
  • Bernhard von Thüngen (1521–1525, 1531)
  • Martin von Rotenhan, Hofmeister (1537–1538)
  • Pankraz von Thüngen (1539–1540)
  • Fridrich Zi (ü) ndt, Junker (1542)
  • Pankraz von Thüngen, knight, marshal of Würzburg (1544)
  • Fridrich Zi (ü) ndt, Junker (1546–1551)
  • ? of Rodenham (1551, uncertain)
  • Hans Walhart (von Neustadt) (1561, 1563–1565)
  • Hans Wilhelm von Riedern (1567–1582)
  • Dietrich Echter von Mespelbrunn (1581–1601)
  • Philipp Christoph Echter von Mespelbrunn (1601–1630)
  • Johann Christoph Ilsung von Tratzberg (1636)
  • Wolfgang Albert Kottwitz von Aulenbach (1649)
  • Johann Christoph Ilsung von Tratzberg (1652,1655,1660)
  • Franz Rudolf von Rosenbach (1660–1673)
  • Craft Cuno von Leyhen, Council of War, General Sergeant (1674)
  • Georg Adolph von Hettersdorf (1678 / 79–1710 / 11)
  • Emmerich Philipp von Hettersdorf (1711 / 12–1748 / 49)
  • Joseph Christian Lochner Freiherr von und zu Hüttenbach (1749 / 50–1789)
  • 1789-1791: vacancy
  • Friedrich Ferdinand Lochner Freiherr von und zu Hüttenbach (1791–1802)

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Joachim Zimmermann: Courts and Execution Places in Hochstiftisch-Würzburg County and Country Towns, Diss. 1976, pp. 160–161