Anton von Schönfeld

Around 1890

Anton Maria Emmerich Wilhelm Freiherr von Schönfeld (born July 3, 1827 in Prague , † January 7, 1898 in Vienna ) was an Austrian military man, most recently Feldzeugmeister (general of the artillery) and general inspector of the Austro-Hungarian army. He was a member of the Bohemian noble family von Schönfeld .

Life

Portrait in obituary

Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld came from a family resident in Bohemia , who was elevated to the status of imperial knight on July 20, 1594, to the status of Austrian knight on August 9, 1814 and received the Bohemian incolat on July 14, 1816 . Anton's father was the district chief Johann von Schönfeld married to Katharina Koller. His brother Wenzel von Schönfeld became lieutenant colonel. You are the grandson of Johann Ferdinand von Schönfeld , entrepreneur, art collector and writer, son of a Prague book printer who expanded the family business into the largest publishing house in Prague (1787 with 17 presses).

Anton von Schönfeld received military training at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt from 1838. In 1845 he was appointed lieutenant , and in 1846 after completing the higher course as a lieutenant for infantry regiment No. 42 ( Duke of Wellington ). He had his first military assignment in 1848 in the defense of the Stilfserjoch .

Schönfeld was a general staff officer as early as 1849 and distinguished himself in the battles of Mortara and the Battle of Novara (1849) , being shot in the right jaw. In 1850 he was promoted to captain second and in 1854 to captain first class in the general staff, where he devoted himself to practical general staff service under Josef Wenzel Radetzky von Radetz , Heinrich von Heß , Ludwig von Benedek , Ferencz József Gyulay and Philipp Franz von Stadion-Thannhausen. 

On April 21, 1859, von Schönfeld was promoted to major in infantry regiment No. 33 ( Count Gyulai ). In 1862 he was transferred back to the General Staff, in 1862 he was appointed Lieutenant Colonel and Chief of Staff of the VII Army Corps in Italy. 

In 1863 he was appointed to the Austro-Hungarian War Ministry . There he planned the use of the troops for the deployment on the Eider in the German-Danish War . He was involved in the following peace negotiations with Denmark . In 1865 he was appointed Colonel and Commander of Infantry Regiment No. 63 , and in 1869 he was appointed Brigadier in the 13th Troop Division , with which he took part in the fight against the uprising in Dalmatia . 

In 1870 Baron von Schönfeld advanced to major general, and in 1873 he dealt with the development of the infantry drill regulations. When Shah Nasreddin of Persia visited Vienna in the same year , he was assigned to the monarch as an honorary service and wrote a historically significant diary about it .

In November 1875 he was appointed field marshal lieutenant ; on June 4, 1876, after the death of Freiherr von John , as Chief of the General Staff. In 1876 he became chief of the general staff with participation in the development of the first deployment plans against Russia and Italy as well as in the occupation campaign in Bosnia in 1878. After temporary political difficulties 1894/1895 Adlatus of Archduke Albrecht von Österreich-Teschen.

After an incurable illness discovered in his son, Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld gave up the position of Chief of Staff in 1881. After years as a commander of various corps and from November 1, 1886 as Feldzeugmeister  - after the death of Archduke Albrecht von Österreich-Teschen in 1895, he became General Troop Inspector of the Austro-Hungarian Army , a position that he retained until the end of his life. 

In 1897, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, the jubilee was offered congratulations as the oldest former pupil of the Theresian Military Academy who was actively serving in the army .

End of life

Feldzeugmeister Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld died in the morning hours of January 7 , 1898 in his apartment at Reisnerstrasse 21, Vienna-Landstrasse , of a heart failure that had occurred after a hip operation. At the funeral in Vienna ( consecration : Votive Church ) emperor took Franz Joseph I. in part, as a representative of Kaiser Wilhelm II.   The deceased was testamentary buried in the family tomb in the local cemetery of Vöslau. 

Relatives

Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld was married to the Englishwoman Georgiana Letitia Mary Anne Neville (born April 9, 1826 in London , †  June 7, 1890 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen ) since February 26, 1851  , with whom he had three children who were before him died. On January 8, 1896, he married the Frenchwoman Heloise Celine de Marion (born  July 25, 1854 in Paris , † 1899 as widow of a privy councilor and field witness in Vöslau ).

Publications

• (Anonymous): Christl Catanzaro (Hrsg.), Eberhard Krüger: The Shah of Persia's stay in Austria in 1873. Diary kept by an eyewitness . 1st edition. Munich materials and communications on Irankunde, Volume 6. Two-Step Communications, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-00-011177-8 .

Awards, honors

• Order of the Iron Crown, Third Class, July 14, 1849 
• Knight's Cross of the Leopold Order , 1864 
• Military Merit Cross , October 3, 1866 
• Honorary citizenship of the city of Budva , 1870 
• Order of the Iron Crown, second class, January 15, 1870 
• Elevation to the baron status , July 13, 1870 
• Real Privy Council , June 12, 1876 
• Order of the Iron Crown, First Class, June 18, 1879 
• The composer Carl Michael Ziehrer dedicated the Schönfeld March , Op. The 422nd premiere was on October 16, 1890. The march was the traditional march of the association founded on September 1, 1956 as Infantry Battalion 10, renamed Panzerbataillon 10 on April 1, 1960 and existing until the end of 2006 ( Kopal barracks , 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade , from 1998 4th Panzer Grenadier Brigade ).
• Grand Cross of the Leopold Order , 1889 
• Military Merit Medal on Red Ribbon, December 1892 
• Diamonds for the Grand Cross of the Red Eagle Order , 1892 
• Honorary saber of Kaiser Wilhelm on the occasion of his participation in the great maneuvers near Kőszeg , 1893 
• Prussian Royal Order of the Crown 2nd Class with Swords, undated 
• Grand Cross of the Saxon Order of Albrecht , undated 
• Grand Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown , undated 
• Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig , undated 
• Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Philipps with Swords, undated 
• Grand Cross of the Saxon-Ernestine House Order , undated 
• Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honor , undated 
• Grand Cross of the Royal Serbian Takovo the Order , o. J. 
• Grand Cross of the Star of Romania with Swords, undated 
• Grand Officer of the Persian Order of the Sun and Lions , undated 
• Prussian Düppeler Sturmkreuz ,  undated
• Prussian Alsenkreuz ,  undated
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin Military Merit Cross , undated 

literature

• Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg , Helmut Slapnicka: Biographical lexicon on the history of the Bohemian countries. Published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) , Vol. III, R. Oldenbourg Verlag Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , p. 734
• Victor Silberer: The generals of the Imperial and Royal Army . Verlag der "Militär-Zeitung", Vienna 1877, p. 248 ff., OBV .
• Oscar Criste:  Schönfeld, Anton Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, pp. 154-156.
• Willibald Richard Rosner: Field Marshal Lieutenant Anton Freiherr von Schönfeld as Chief of the General Staff. A study on the history of the Austro-Hungarian general staff . State examination thesis at the Institute for Austrian Historical Research , University of Vienna, Vienna 1986, OBV .
• Willibald Richard Rosner: The concrete war plans of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff against Russia and Italy from 1876 to 1881. The era of the Chief of the General Staff Field Marshal Lieutenant Anton Freiherrn von Schönfeld as the beginning of the first concrete deployment plans. A study on the prehistory of the 1st World War in general and on the history of the Austro-Hungarian General Staff in particular . Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, Vienna 1987, OBV .
• Otmar Rychlik: Guests - Big World in Bad Vöslau. For the exhibition in the historical rooms of the castle. City of Bad Vöslau, Bad Vöslau 1994, OBV .
• W (illibald) R (ichard) Rosner:  Schönfeld Anton (Maria Emmerich Wilhelm) Frh. Von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 11, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-7001-2803-7 , p. 70 f. (Direct links on p. 70 , p. 71 ).

Web links

• Schönfeld, Anton Freiherr von (PDF; 88 kB) on Planet-Austria
• Schönfeld March on Planet Vienna

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o} General-Truppen-Inspector FZM. Baron von Schönfeld †. In:  Wiener Abendpost. Supplement to Wiener Zeitung , No. 4/1898, 7 January 1898, p. 1, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ).
2. ↑ A (ntonio) Schmidt-Brentano:  Stadium Thannhausen, Philipp Franz Count von (1799 to 1868). In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 13, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2007–2010, ISBN 978-3-7001-6963-5 , p. 68 f. (Direct links on p. 68 , p. 69 ).
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e} † FZM. Baron v. Schönfeld. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, No. 11987/1898, January 7, 1898, p. 1, top right. (Online at ANNO ).
4. ↑ Exerzir Regulations (Exercier Regulations) Royal Imperial and for the infantry . Part 1. State printing office, Vienna 1874, ÖNB .
5. ↑ The funeral of the FZM. Baron v. Schönfeld. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Abendblatt, No. 11990/1898, January 10, 1898, p. 3, center left. (Online at ANNO ).
6. ^ General Troop Inspector FZM. Baron von Schönfeld †. In:  Wiener Abendpost. Supplement to Wiener Zeitung , No. 6/1898, January 10, 1898, p. 5 f. (Online at ANNO ).
7. ↑ Communications from the KK Geographical Society in Vienna . Volume 49.1906. Hölzel, Vienna 1906, ZDB -ID 206040-1 , p. 63.
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} FZM. Baron v. Schönfeld †. In:  Militär-Zeitung , No. 2/1898 (Volume III), January 13, 1898, p. 10 f. (Online at ANNO ).
9. ↑ Eugen Brixel , Gunther Martin, Gottfried Pils: This is Austria's military music. From “Turkish Music” to the Philharmonic in uniform . Styria, Graz (inter alia) 1982, ISBN 3-222-11402-1 , p. 238 f.
10. ↑ 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade (Red.): "Bringing the flag down" - Panzer Battalion 10 disbanded . In: bundesheer.at , January 23, 2007, accessed on June 22, 2011.
11. ↑ Rudolf Sturmlechner (author), BMLV - Command 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade (Ed.): The history of the 3rd Panzer Grenadier Brigade 1956-2006 , PDF version of November 18, 2008, p. 126 / PDF-S. 127.

Remarks

1. ↑ Schönfeld celebrated this birthday party in his newly built villa on Hügelgasse, Bad Vöslau , dedicated to summer stays . - See:
   Small Chronicle (...) FZM. Anton Freiherr v. Schönfeld. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 11804/1897, July 4, 1897, p. 5, center left. (Online at ANNO ). ;
   Small Chronicle (...) FZM. Baron von Schönfeld. In:  Wiener Zeitung , No. 150/1897, July 4, 1897, p. 3 middle, (online at ANNO ). as well as
   correspondences (…) Vöslau. (FZM. Freiherr v. Schönfeld). In:  Badener Zeitung , No. 54/1897 (17th year), July 7th, 1897, p. 4, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). .
   Property address today: Hügelgasse 34. - Rychlik: Guests - Big World in Bad Vöslau , p. 370.