Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte
Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte (* 1462 in Monte San Savino , Province of Arezzo , † September 20, 1533 in Rome ) was an Italian cardinal . He was an uncle of Pope Julius III.
Life
Origin and early years
Antonio Maria was the youngest of three sons of Fabiano Ciocchi and his wife Jacopa, daughter of a Gaspare whose last name is unknown. Fabiano took the name Monte San Savino , which was later shortened to Monte .
The young Antonio graduated with a Doctor iuris utriusque and then followed his father and older brother to Rome. where he rose rapidly in the Roman Curia . He was appointed consistorial advocate and Pope Innocent VIII as well as his successor Alexander VI. appreciated his advice. On March 27, 1493, he was appointed auditor of the Roman Rota . In 1495 he became parish priest of Sant'Agnese in Arezzo and the following year provost of San Luciano near his birthplace. He devoted himself to his pastoral duties for a few years until he was in 1498 by Pope Alexander VI. was called back to Rome to work again in the Rota Romana . At the end of July 1502, the Pope gave him responsibility for all areas in the domain of his son Cesare Borgia and thus a prominent position within the Rota; at the same time Antonio del Monte was appointed Apostolic Protonotary . Cesare Borgia made him governor general of Romagna in early 1503 .
Church career
On August 4, 1503 Del Monte was appointed bishop of Città di Castello , but he could not take possession of the diocese because his predecessor Giulio Vitelli , although he was led by Alexander VI. had been deposed, continued to lay claim to the bishopric and defended this claim by force. The Vitelli were the leading family in Città di Castello at the time and Bishop Giulio enjoyed strong support in the city. The new Pope Julius II confirmed Ciocchi del Montes appointment and threatened the city with an interdict in June 1505 , whereupon it bowed and in July of the same year Ciocchi del Monte was able to take possession of his diocese. He was ordained bishop on January 4, 1506 in the Roman church of San Pietro in Vincoli Tito Veltri di Viterbo , Bishop of Castro , co- consecrators were Nicolò Antonio Pesci , Bishop of Muro Lucano , and Francesco Filipperi , Bishop of Ferentino . Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte held this episcopal see until February 6, 1506, when he was made Archbishop of Manfredonia , which he remained until May 30, 1511.
Pope Julius II created Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte in the consistory of March 10, 1511 as cardinal priest and awarded him San Vitale as the titular church on March 17 of the same year . On May 30, 1511 he was appointed administrator of the diocese of Pavia , he renounced this office on March 13, 1521 in favor of his nephew Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, who later became Julius III. Should become Pope. He took part in the 1513 conclave , in which Leo X was elected Pope. On July 4, 1514 he moved to the titular church of Santa Prassede , 1516-1517 he was chamberlain of the Holy Cardinals College .
When, in the spring of 1517, a plot of murder by several cardinals against Leo X was uncovered, the Pope entrusted Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte with the investigations against Cardinals Alfonso Petrucci and Bandinello Sauli , who were named as masterminds of the conspiracy; Cardinal Raffaele Riario was also implicated, if to a lesser extent. Ciocchi del Montes research results convinced Leo X so completely that he removed the two men from their offices in the consistory of June 22, 1517. Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte was elevated to cardinal bishop on July 24, 1521 and the suburbicarian diocese of Albano was transferred to him. He took part in the conclave 1521-1522 , from which Hadrian VI. emerged as Pope.
In February 1523, Hadrian VI called. put him in a commission to resolve the Vatican's financial difficulties. These were created by the large number of new posts created under Leo X within the Curia, which were now to be abolished. In the consistory of July 23, 1523, Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte opposed an alliance with Emperor Charles V because he feared that the position of his ally Francis I of France would be weakened . Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte was a participant in the 1523 conclave , through which Giulio de 'Medici was elected Pope Clement VII .
He moved to the suburbicarian bishopric of Frascati on December 9, 1523 and on December 18 of the same year to that of Palestrina ; on May 20, 1524 again to that of Sabina and finally on June 15 of the same year to Porto and Santa Rufina , with which he became cardinal subdean. After the accession of the Medici pope to the League of Cognac with France , Venice and Sforza through which Clement VII known. To an anti-imperial policy, was Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte leading member of the Pontifical Commission that the Papal States to prepare for the approaching withdrawing War should. However, these preparations were far too weak to withstand the superior strength of the Spanish and German troops outside and the hostility of the Colonna within Rome. When the Sacco di Roma began in the morning hours of May 6, 1527 , Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte was one of the few cardinals who persevered with the Pope in his hopeless situation and accompanied him on his flight to Castel Sant'Angelo . Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte tried to negotiate with the emperor to withdraw troops from Rome and signed the surrender on June 5, 1527, on the terms of which his nephew Giovanni Maria became one of the seven hostages of the imperial party. After the person of the Pope was in the hands of the emperor after the capture of Castel Sant'Angelo by Spanish and German troops on June 7, 1527, Ciocchi del Monte was given the task of negotiating with the emissaries of the emissary about the pope's imprisonment.
Last years and death
From 1528 Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte was concerned with the questions of the divorce of the English King Henry VIII from Catherine of Aragon , which ultimately led to the excommunication of Henry and the establishment of the Church of England . At the same time, in a letter to the Pope, Charles V urgently called for a council to be convened to deliberate the question of the Reformation . Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte supported this project emphatically, but without success.
In early September 1533, Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte asked the Pope to allow his nephew to exercise his official duties, which he was granted. A few weeks later he died in Rome at the age of 72 and was buried in the local church of San Pietro in Montorio . After his nephew Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte in 1550 as Julius III. Having become Pope, he had a magnificent tomb erected for him, in which Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte was buried at the side of his brother Vincenzo, the father of Julius III.
Services
Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte was one of the main organizers of the Fifth Lateran Council and was a member of the Commission for the Reform of the Curia . In 1521 he published the acts of the council with the consent of the Pope.
"For two decades he was one of the main figures in papal politics and one of the most knowledgeable statesmen in the Curia."
literature
- Pietro Messina: Del Monte, Antonio. In: Massimiliano Pavan (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 38: Della Volpe-Denza. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1990.
Web links
- Ciocchi del Monte, Antonio Maria. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed April 2, 2017.
- Entry on Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ “ Era stato per due decenni uno dei principali protagonisti della politica papale e uno dei massimi esperti di diritto della Curia ”. Pietro Messina in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Ciocchi del Monte, Antonio Maria |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Del Monte, Antonio |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian cardinal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1462 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Monte San Savino , Arezzo Province |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 20, 1533 |
| Place of death | Rome |