Arno wood

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Portrait of Erich Büttner (1916)
Wood Signature.gif

Arno Hermann Oscar Alfred Holz (pseudonyms: Bjarne P. Holmsen (together with Johannes Schlaf ), Hans Volkmar (together with Oskar Jerschke ); born April 26, 1863 in Rastenburg , East Prussia , † October 26, 1929 in Berlin ) was a German poet and playwrights of naturalism and impressionism . The two works Papa Hamlet (1889) and The Selicke Family (1890) as well as the volume of poetry Phantasus (1898) are considered to be his main works .

Life

Arno Holz was born in Rastenburg as the son of the pharmacist Hermann Holz (1825–1886) and his wife Franziska born. Werner (1833–1920) born. In 1875 the family moved to Berlin. After he had to drop out of high school for economic reasons, Arno Holz initially worked as a journalist from 1881 , but then decided to work as a freelance writer . From then on, financial problems accompanied his life. He established contacts with the Berlin Naturaliste club through , in which he, among others, Gerhart Hauptmann met. In 1885 he received the Schiller Prize for his book of poems, the Book of Time . From this time on, Holz was concerned with Darwinism .

From 1888 he lived and worked with Johannes Schlaf. Together they developed in the programmatic text Art, its essence and its laws, the theory of a “consistent naturalism”, which aimed at an exact description of the milieu including elements of colloquial language . At the same time, they wanted to eliminate all subjectivity and be as scientific as possible. This is how they came to the formula "Art = Nature - x " (it must be added that most of the writing is from wood)  . By this they meant that art should correspond to nature as much as possible and that it would be the artist's task to keep the x from the formula as small as possible. They applied the theoretically postulated “consistent naturalism” in practice in the works Papa Hamlet and The Selicke Family (drama, premiered in 1890 at the Magdeburg City Theater and at the Free Stage Berlin ), which appeared under the shared pseudonym Bjarne P. Holmsen . The demand that art should be an exact reproduction of reality led to new, experimental forms of expression, for example the “ seconds style ”, in which social misery is described in minute detail. The reactions to Papa Hamlet were extremely varied. Most of the critics wrote against it, but there were also some, such as Theodor Fontane , who saw a high artistic value in it.

When Johannes Schlaf began to argue with Holz about the income from both plants, which were relatively small, it came to a break. Wood claimed that he had achieved more, and you can see from text passages that the subject, i.e. the material of both works, comes from Schlaf, but the artistic processing of wood. Holz now experimented with a rhymeless style in his poetry and gave up the traditional rules of form. The works should be determined by the "inner rhythm" and be free of rhyme and meter. He lays down these principles programmatically in his work Revolution der Lyrik (1899).

In 1893 Holz married Emilie geb. Wittenberg, with whom he had three sons.

The Berlin drama cycle, which began in 1896 and was inspired by Zola's novel Rougon-Macquart . The turn of a time in dramas that was originally designed for 25 pieces remained unfinished except for three works: the comedy Social Aristocrats (1896) and the epistemological tragedies Solar Eclipse (1908) and Ignorabimus (1913). The dramas of the late work all fell through with the contemporary theater audience, the book editions hardly found buyers despite numerous revisions.

In 1898 he published his linguistically virtuoso volume of poems Phantasus , which is regarded as his main lyrical work. The poems about a dying, starving poet reflect the milieu in which Holz lived in Berlin's Wedding . Holz worked on the Phantasus for most of his creative period, as he changed the poems in the collection many times and in some cases expanded them more and more. A formal peculiarity of the poems was that the individual lines of verse were centered, that is, printed around an imaginary central axis, which is why this style is also called central axis poetry , so that a fluttering margin was created on the right and left. One example is the reverence to St. George's Church in Rastenburg, which can be found in the Childhood Paradise section :

...
landfernhin looking, landfernhin peeping, landfernhin
visible
Burgbelfriedtürme
the massive, the powerful, the
bulky
of
sturmtrotzig, venerable, bulwark bold
last refuge strong
proud,
Feldstein established, bricks dull brown reddish
berghügelkrönenden,
strut arrows membered, sternkreuzgewölbigen,
buntfensterigen
St.
George Church.

In 1903 he created the songs on an old lute , which were based on Baroque poetry . This volume of poetry was later expanded and published as Dafnis by Reinhard Piper , one of his extremely few financial successes. The poems contained in Dafnis were baroque poems in terms of text design, subject matter and style, which mainly revolve around celebrations, food and erotic events. The tragic comedy Traumulus (1904), the first of five together with his friend Oskar Jerschke under the pseudonym Dr. Hans Volkmar wrote plays. Traumulus was played on numerous stages in the first time after its release. In 1935 the piece was the template for the Tobis film produced and directed by Carl Froelich with Emil Jannings in the title role. The justice satire Free! and the comedy Gaudeamus! never performed, the provincial comedy Homecoming was shown a few times in Berlin and only the Büxl judicial farce was performed in Vienna, Frankfurt, Leipzig and Berlin.

In 1929, wood was on the list of candidates for the Nobel Prize for Literature .

Arno Holz lived in Berlin-Schöneberg from 1910 until his death . In 1926 he divorced his wife Emilie and married Anita geb. Wilts.

Death and grave

Honorary grave of Arno Holz in the Heerstraße cemetery in Berlin-Westend
Inauguration of the honorary grave of Arno Holz on April 26, 1933, at which Gottfried Benn lays a wreath

Arno Holz died after a long illness on the night of October 26, 1929 at the age of 66 in his apartment in Schöneberg. At the funeral service, which took place in the Wilmersdorf crematorium on October 30, 1929, in a small group consisting mainly of writers, Hans W. Fischer , Alfred Döblin and Alfred Richard Meyer spoke . The urn was first buried in the Alt-Schöneberg cemetery.

In 1933 Arno Holz was transferred to the Heerstraße cemetery in today's Berlin-Westend district . The inauguration took place on the deceased's 70th birthday, April 26, 1933. At the ceremony, Gottfried Benn laid a wreath in the name of the Prussian Academy of the Arts , which was in the middle of the process of National Socialist conformity. The sculptor Kurt Harald Isenstein created the gravestone with the name of the deceased and a large bronze portrait medallion showing him in profile. The grave slab in front of it bears a verse from his work Phantasus : "My dust passed away, my memory shines like a star." Destroyed in the Second World War, the tomb was later reconstructed. The widow Anita Holz b. Gewelke was also buried here in 1975.

By resolution of the Berlin Senate , Arno Holz's final resting place in the Heerstraße cemetery (grave location: 3-B-27/28) has been dedicated to the State of Berlin as an honorary grave since 1952 . The dedication was extended in 2016 by the now usual period of twenty years.

Arno Holz's estate was lost in Silesia during World War II . After that, the administrator of the estate, Max Wagner, took over again to put together a collection. This is in the historical collections of the Central and State Library Berlin . The German Literature Archive Marbach also has a collection; some manuscript pages of Phantasus are Museum of Modern Literature seen in Marbach in the permanent exhibition.

Honors

Memorial plaque on the house at Stübbenstrasse 5, in Berlin-Schöneberg
Memorial plaque in wood 'Birthplace Rastenburg
Birth and Baptism , poem manuscript from Phantasus , Childhood Paradise, around 1916
Arno Wood Medal 2013
  • 1885 Schiller Prize (Prussia) for the book of poetry book of time
  • 1923 Dr. phil. hc from the Albertus University of Königsberg
  • 1923 Foundation of a folder with 30 original graphics (29 of which are signed) by contemporary German artists for their 60th birthday
  • 1926 appointed to the poetry section of the Prussian Academy of the Arts
  • In 1929 Arno Holz was on the list of candidates for the 1929 Nobel Prize in Literature for the fifth time in a row; due to his death in the same year, there was no decision on an award ceremony for him.
  • 1929 Multiple honors of the city of Rastenburg for their son Arno Holz on the occasion of the 600th anniversary of the city of Rastenburg:
    • Awarded honorary citizenship of the city of Rastenburg
    • Renaming of the Alter Markt square to Arno-Holz-Platz
    • Attachment of an Arno wood plaque of honor to the building of the Adler pharmacy, the birthplace of Arno Holz
  • 1933 honorary grave of the capital Berlin
  • 1933 Honored on his 70th birthday with the laying of a wreath at his grave in the name of the German Academy of Poetry by the doctor and poet Gottfried Benn
  • 1935 Renaming of Schillerstrasse in Berlin-Steglitz to Arno-Holz-Strasse
  • 1938 Arno Holz memorial exhibition on his 75th birthday in the Berlin City Library
  • 1945 Renaming of Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee in Dresden-Neustadt to Arno-Holz-Allee
  • 1952 honor grave of the state of Berlin
  • 1959 Memorial exhibition in memory of Arno Holz on the 30th anniversary of his death, Dortmund, House of Libraries
  • 1963 Memorial exhibition of Arno Holz and his work on his 100th birthday, America Memorial Library / Berlin Central Library, April 26 - May 31, 1963
  • 1972 Arno Holz commemorative exhibition as part of the premiere of A. Holz's comedy Social Aristocrats in the Great and Small Playhouse, Dortmund
  • 1979 Memorial exhibition on the 50th anniversary of his death: Arno Holz, 1863–1929, Life and Work, State Library of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin, June 29 - August 25, 1979
  • 1985 Memorial exhibition Arno Holz - attic poet or literary genius? Trier, University Library, Department of Linguistics and Literature, 14 January - 15 March 1985
  • 1989 Unveiling of a Berlin memorial plaque on the former residential building in Berlin-Wedding, Reinickendorfer Str. 11/12 (removed during facade work in 2008)
  • 1993 Placement of a memorial plaque on his former home in Berlin-Schöneberg, Stübbenstrasse 5
  • 1997 Unveiling of a memorial plaque with a relief portrait of wood on the successor building of the birth house in Kętrzyn, formerly Rastenburg
  • 1997 Foundation of the Arno-Holz-Gesellschaft for German-Polish understanding in Rastenburg / Kętrzyn
  • 2006 Opening of the Arno Holz permanent exhibition (manuscript sheets of Phantasus) in the Modern Literature Museum in Marbach am Neckar
  • 2013 Issue of a commemorative medal of the Arno-Holz-Gesellschaft for Polish-German understanding in Kętrzyn for the 150th birthday

In addition to Berlin and Dresden, streets in some other German cities are named after Arno Holz.

Works

  • Klinginsherz , 1883 (cf. also Scheuer 1971 and Weller 2013)
  • The poetry of the present time , 1883
  • German wise men , together with Oskar Jerschke , 1884
  • Book of time. Songs of a Modern , 1885 (pre-dated 1886) ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Papa Hamlet , as Bjarne P. Holmsen, together with Johannes Schlaf, 1889 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Krumme Windgasse 20. Study from student life , together with Johannes Schlaf, prose, 1890
  • The Selicke family , together with Johannes Schlaf, Drama, 1890 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • Art. Its essence and its laws , 1891
  • The battered Pegasus. A Mirlitoniad in verse , together with Johannes Schlaf, 1892
  • New tracks , together with Johannes Schlaf, 1892
  • Berlin, the end of a time in drama
  • Phantasus , 1898/99
  • Poetry Revolution , 1899
  • Dr. Richard M. Meyer, Privatdozent at the University of Berlin, a litterarian honoree , 1900
  • The tinsmiths , 1902
  • John's sleep. A forced chapter , 1902
  • Songs on an old lute , 1903
  • Dafnis. Lyrical portrait from the 17th century , 1904
  • Traumulus , tragic comedy, together with Oskar Jerschke, 1905
  • Free! , Male comedy, together with Oskar Jerschke, 1907
  • Gaudeamus! , Festival for the 350th anniversary of the University of Jena, together with Oskar Jerschke, 1908
  • The Pearl of the Antilles , comedy, together with Oskar Jerschke, 1909
  • Büxl , comedy, together with Oskar Jerschke, 1911
  • Phantasus (extended version), 1916
  • The tinsmiths (expanded version), 1917
  • Flördeliese , 1919
  • Strange and highly adventurous history from the island of Pimperle , 1919
  • The tinsmiths (again expanded version), 1921
  • The liberated German word art , 1921
  • Phantasus. Introduction , 1922
  • Trio Seraphicon , 1923
  • Childhood Paradise , 1924
  • The first day of school , 1924
  • Phantasus (last version in three volumes), 1925
  • Twelve love poems , 1926
  • Draft of a "German Academy" as a representative of the united German intellectual workers, open, very detailed letter and report to the public , 1926
  • ( posthumously ) Scherz-Phantasus , ed. v. Klaus M. Rarisch , in: die horen , No. 88 = Heft 4, 4th quarter 1972, pp. 3–7
  • ( posthumously ) Do you know the country , ed. v. Klaus M. Rarisch, 1977
  • Krzysztof D. Szatrawski (Ed.): Phantasus / Fantazus . Arno-Holz-Gesellschaft for Polish-German Understanding V., Kętrzyn 2013, ISBN 978-83-929395-0-4 (German, Polish, complete edition of the German original version (first and second issue) from 1898–1899).

Work edition

  • The selected work , 1919
  • The work of Arno Holz , ed. v. Hans W. Fischer . 10 vols., 1924-1926
  • Arno wood. Works , ed. v. Wilhelm Emrich , 1961–1964

Editorial activity

  • Emanuel Geibel. A memorial book , 1884
  • From great-grandmother's garden. A rococo spring bouquet , 1903
  • From Guenther to Goethe. A rococo spring bouquet , 1926

Letter issues

  • Letters. A selection. Edited by Anita Holz and Max Wagner. Munich, 1948
  • Hermann Bahr and Arno Holz: Correspondence 1887–1923. Edited by Gerd-Hermann Susen and Martin Anton Müller. Göttingen 2015, ISBN 978-3-8353-1719-2

Literature (selection)

  • Heinz-Georg Brands: Theory and style of the so-called “consistent naturalism” by Arno Holz and Johannes Schlaf. Critical analysis of the research results and attempt to redefine (= treatises on art, music and literary studies; 2077). Bouvier, Bonn 1978, ISBN 3-416-01443-X (also Diss. Uni Mainz, 1978).
  • Rob Burns: The quest for modernity. The place of Arno Holz in modern German literature (= European university publications; Series 1, German Language and Literature; 431). Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1981, ISBN 3-8204-6225-2 (also dissertation, Austin 1978).
  • Carola von Edlinger: Cosmogonic and mythical world designs from an interdiscursive perspective. Studies on Phantasus (Arno Holz), Das Nordlicht (Theodor Däubler) and Die Kugel (Otto zur Linde) (= studies on German and European literature of the 19th and 20th centuries; 46). Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2002, ISBN 3-631-38356-8 (plus dissertation, University of Breslau, 1935).
  • Thorsten Fricke: Arno Holz and the theater. Biography - work history - interpretation. Aisthesis Verlag, Bielefeld 2009, ISBN 978-3-89528-764-0 (also Diss. University of Cologne, 2000).
  • Karl Geisendörfer:  Wood, Arno. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , pp. 564-567 ( digitized version ).
  • Agnieszka Grochocka: Masuria - From the natural paradise to the Atlantis of the north. Tectum, Marburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-8288-3564-1 , pp. 146–162 (plus dissertation at the University of Mainz 2011; with articles on Arno Holz).
  • Manfred Hechler: The sociological dimension of the art theory by Arno Holz (= Helicon; 2). Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1981, ISBN 3-8204-5959-6 .
  • Günter Helmes : Come on Geibel! The young Arno Holz between tradition and innovation . In: Arno Holz (= text & criticism; 121). Edition Text + Critique, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-88377-462-6 , pp. 12–19.
  • Gisela Höhne : Problems of Perception and an Early Media Theory in “Consistent Naturalism” and the theoretical considerations of Arno Holz before 1900. Dissertation Humboldt University Berlin, 1990.
  • Arno Holz (= text + criticism; 121). Edition Text + Criticism, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-88377-462-6 .
  • Tamara Kudryavtseva: Arno wood. Revolutia v lirike. IMLI RAN, Moskva 2006, ISBN 5-9208-0257-X .
  • Hanno Möbius: Positivism in the literature of naturalism. Science, art and social issues with Arno Holz. Fink, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7705-1790-3 (plus habilitation, University of Marburg 1980).
  • Robert Oeste: Arno Holz. The long poem and the tradition of poetic experiment (= treatises on art, music and literature; 325). Bouvier, Bonn 1982, ISBN 3-416-01688-2 (also dissertation, Baltimore 1980).
  • Marcel Reich-Ranicki: 1000 German poems and their interpretation. From Arno Holz to Rainer Maria Rilke. Insel-Verlag, 1996.
  • Oskar Schär: Arno Holz - His dramatic technique. Paul Haupt, Bern 1926 (see dissertation University of Bern, 1926).
  • Helmut Scheuer: Arno Holz in the literary life of the late 19th century. 1883-1896. A biographical study. Winkler, Munich 1971.
  • Gesine Lenore Schiewer: Poetic Gestalt concepts and automaton theory. Arno Holz - Robert Musil - Oswald Wiener. Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg 2004, ISBN 3-8260-2399-4 (plus habilitation thesis, University of Bern, 2001).
  • Walter Schmähling (Hrsg.): The German literature in text and representation, naturalism. Volume 12. Reclam, Stuttgart 1977, pp. 88-93, 105, 207-214, 238.
  • Gerhard Schulz: Arno Holz. Dilemma of a bourgeois poet's life. Beck, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-406-05377-7 .
  • Krzysztof D. Szatrawski (Ed.): Arno Holz and his work, for the 150th birthday of the poet . Arno-Holz-Gesellschaft for Polish-German Understanding V., Kętrzyn 2013, ISBN 978-83-929395-1-1 (German, Polish, materials for the historical-literary symposium Kętrzyn, April 26-27, 2013).
  • Karl Turley: Arno wood. The Path of an Artist (also Dissertation University of Wroclaw, 1935). Rudolf Koch Publishing House, Leipzig 1935.
  • David Weller: Arno Holz: Beginnings of a poet's life (= Epistemata Literaturwissenschaft. Volume 777). Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8260-5092-3 (also dissertation University of Stuttgart, 2012).

Web links

Commons : Arno Holz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Arno Holz  - Sources and full texts
Wikiquote: Arno Holz  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Samuel Lublinski : An assassination attempt by Arno wood. In: Das Magazin № 1 of July 2, 1904, pp. 31–35.
  2. ^ Arno Holz: Works, Volume I, Phantasus I. Edited by Wilhelm Emrich and Anita Holz, Hermann Luchterhand Verlag, Neuwied / Berlin-Spandau 1961, p. 185.
  3. ↑ Arno Holz: Arno Holz and his work, for the 150th birthday of the poet . Ed .: Arno-Holz-Gesellschaft for Polish-German Understanding e. V. Kętrzyn 2013, ISBN 978-83-929395-1-1 (German, Polish, materials for the historical-literary symposium Kętrzyn April 26-27, 2013).
  4. ↑ Monty Jacobs : Arno Holz † . In: Vossische Zeitung . Monday, October 26, 1929, evening edition. P. 3.
  5. ↑ Funeral service for Arno Holz . In: Berliner Volks-Zeitung . Thursday October 31, 1929, morning edition. P. 2.
  6. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 . P. 714.
  7. ↑ The memorial for Arno Holz . In: Vossische Zeitung . Thursday April 27, 1933, morning edition. P. 6. Mende: Lexicon of Berlin burial sites . S. 488. For the synchronization of the Prussian Academy of the Arts in the months February to May 1933, see: Hildegard Brenner: End of a bourgeois art institution. The political formation of the Prussian Academy of the Arts from 1933 . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1972, ISBN 978-3-421-01587-7 . Pp. 27-89.
  8. ↑ Arno Holz. Writer, poet, poet . Short biography and description of the tomb at www.berlin.friedparks.de. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  9. ↑ Klaus M. Rarisch : Wüster, rothest Social Democrat. On the 50th anniversary of Arno Holz's death . First published in: die horen . Vol. 24 (1979), No. 4, No. 116, ISSN  0018-4942 , pp. 81-83. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  10. ↑ Senate Department for the Environment, Transport and Climate Protection: Honorary Graves of the State of Berlin (Status: November 2018) (PDF, 413 kB), p. 38. Accessed on November 12, 2019. Recognition and further conservation of graves as honorary graves of the State of Berlin (PDF , 205 kB). Berlin House of Representatives, printed matter 17/3105 of July 13, 2016, p. 1 and Annex 2, p. 6. Accessed on November 12, 2019.
  11. ^ Arno-Holz-Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
personal data
SURNAME Wood, Arno
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Volkmar, Dr. Hans (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet and playwright of naturalism
DATE OF BIRTH April 26, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Rastenburg , East Prussia
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1929
Place of death Berlin