Atalandi
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Atalandi Αταλάντη Φθιώτιδας |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country |
 Greece
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| region | Central Greece | ||
| Regional district | Fthiotida | ||
| local community | Lokri | ||
| Borough | Atalandi | ||
| Geographic coordinates | 38 ° 39 ′ N , 23 ° 0 ′ E | ||
| Height above d. M. |
5 m |
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| surface | 38.77 | ||
| Residents | 9199 (2011) | ||
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Atalandi (also Atalanti , Greek Αταλάντη ) is a small Greek town in the municipality of Lokri in the regional district of Fthiotida in the region of Central Greece . Atalandi is one of four municipal districts and the seat of the municipality. The city lies in the foothills of the Chlomo Mountains. It is the agricultural center of the Lokris , 79 km from Lamia and 146 km from Athens . In 2011 there were 9199 inhabitants.
mythology
The capital of the ancient Lokris was the city of Opus . Hesiod and Plutarch narrate that the city got its name from the Opuntians (Οπούντα). These were sons of Lokros and descendants of Deucalion and Pyrrha .
The Opuntians took part in the Trojan War with 40 ships and 4,000 warriors. The leader was Aias the Lokrer , son of Oileus and descendant of Odödocus (Οδοίδοκος). The Opuntians also included Achilles ' best friend , Patroclus , the son of Menoitius . As a child he kills Kleitonymos , the son of Amphidamas, while playing dice . His father escapes his revenge and takes him to Phthia to Peleus , who welcomes the boy in a friendly way and educates him as a companion of his son. Patroclus later follows his cousin Achilles to Troy.
structure
The municipality is divided into a city district and three local communities with a total of approx. 8300 inhabitants:
Atalandi parish - Δημοτική Ενότητα Αταλάντης - 8,267
- Atalandi district - Δημοτική Κοινότητα Αταλάντης - 5,199
- Atalandi - Αταλάντη - 4,978
- Agios Vlasios - Άγιος Βλάσιος - 0
- Agion Anargyron Monastery - Μονή Αγίων Αναργύρων - 7
- Palirrhia - Παλίρροια - 36
- Scale - Σκάλα - 178
- Local community Exarchos - Κοινότητα Εξάρχου - 699
- Local community Kalapodi - Κοινότητα Καλαποδίου - 444
- Local community Kyparissi - Κοινότητα Κυπαρισσίου - 194
- Kyparissi - Κυπαρίσσι - 184
- Evkalyptos - Ευκάλυπτος - 10
- Local community Kyrtoni - Κοινότητα Κυρτώνης - 445
- Local community Megaplatanos - Κοινότητα Μεγαπλατάνου - 418
- Local community Tragana - Κοινότητα Τραγάνας - 868
- Tragana - Τραγάνα - 864
- Microvivos - Μικρόβιβος - 4
geography
The town of Atalandi is located on Mount Rhoda (600 m), a foothill of the Chlomo Mountains in Attica. The city opens north into the plains of the Lokris. To the north joins the local area of Dafnousia . In the west it borders on Elatia , in the southwest on Livadia and in the south on Orchomenos , and in the east on the local area of Malesina . The forested foothills of the Chlomo are home to the Karagkiozis-Asprogies (Atalantis) Wildlife Refugee and further to the west is the Traganas-Kyparissi-Kolakas Wildlife Refugee . The ancient city of Opus was in today's local area.
Atalandi Bay
Seven kilometers away from the city of Atalandi is the bay of the same name. It belongs to the northern Gulf of Evia and extends between the Cape of Arkitsa (gr. Αρκίτσα) in the north, where there is also a lighthouse, and the beach of Lokri with the headland of Theologos (Cape Kerato , gr. Κέρατο). On the western bank is the village of Skala, which is the port of the city of Atalandi. Three islands determine the scenery: Atalantonissi , Gaidaros , opposite which the bay turns into a lagoon and the islet Agios Nikaolaos (Gr. Άγιος Νικόλαος). The shallow waters are used for fish farming.
In ancient times, the bay was known under the name Opountios (Greek Οπούντιος) or rarely Oitaios kolpos (Greek Οιταίος κόλπος).
traffic
Atalandi lies on the edge of the Locrian Plain and is connected to the Greek motorway network by Aftokinitodromos 1 (PATHE) . The motorway runs through the district of Skala. The nearest national road is the Ethniki Odos 3 , which runs about 15 km away in the south of the city. Shipping no longer plays a significant role.
economy
A lot of viticulture is practiced on the plain . A well-known winery belongs to the Hatzimichalis family .
history
prehistory
The earliest evidence of human settlement comes from the Neolithic (7000 BC - 3200/3100 BC). The first settlements emerged on the plain in the direction of today's scale. All kinds of Stone Age occupations could be proven: agriculture, livestock keeping as well as hunting and fishing. During the Proto-Helladic period (Πρωτοελλαδική περίοδο, 3200–2100 BC) an intensification of trade both by land and by sea can be observed. And there are ceramics that had a stylistic influence on the ceramics of other settlements both in Epirus and on the islands. The society at that time was characterized by a hierarchical organization.
During the Middle Helladic period (Μεσοελλαδική περίοδο, 2100–1600 BC) there was a decline in population (possibly due to the invasion of other Greek tribes or the Minoan eruption ). And a regression, as well as a turn to agriculture and political isolation can be determined.
Most likely during the Late Helladic period (Υστεροελλαδική περίοδο, the Bronze Age , 1600–1100 BC) the Mycenaean city of Opounta (Οπούντα) arose . The main occupations at this time were fishing and agriculture. Remnants of grain, legumes, olives and wine have been found.
During the 11th century BC C. ( Late Mycenaean Period , Υπομυκηναϊκή περίοδος) there was again a decline in the economy and population, which can be recognized both by the fact that old settlements were abandoned and by how new buildings were built. A rigid adherence to traditional patterns is characteristic of this era. The ceramics found are limited to the most necessary household appliances.
Geometric epoch
Between the 10th and 8th centuries BC, society in Opounta was aristocratic or oligarchic . the hierarchy corresponded to what the elementary knowledge of society at that time brought to light. It was a society with several classes, in which the individual classes differed mainly in their activities. During this time an extensive trade developed again together with the seafaring. Opountas took on influences in the design of Attica , Corinth , Euboea and Thessaly . During this time mass production of vessels and parallel to this a flourishing of metal production can be observed, which one can infer from weapons and finds of gold jewelry. Everything speaks for a certain prosperity in Opuntia Lokridos .
Antiquity
During the Archaic Period ( 700-480 BC) the social order in Opountia remained oligarchic, even if political climbers kept appearing. One could possibly speak of a "secure democracy". It is also unique that there is no evidence of slavery in the Lokris. The main occupations at this time were agriculture, livestock, fishing and pottery, as well as viticulture.
Classic era
In the second " Classical Era " (5th century BC – 323 BC) up to the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) the Locrians sided with Sparta . The Athenians attacked the coastal towns of the Lokrians and destroyed them. 431 BC They fortified the island of Atalandi with the aim of controlling the Locrian pirates and protecting the beaches of Euboea. However, the earthquake of 426 BC destroyed Parts of the walls and the well on the island. The ancient city of Oion was also likely destroyed at this time, while the nearby Oracle of Abai was in its prime.
Hellenistic period
In the Hellenistic period (336/323 BC to the middle of the 1st century BC) another earthquake (300 BC) destroyed parts of Opounta . 204 BC It was ruled by the Roman general Gaius Flaminius , but the Lokrians achieved it in the years 197–165 BC. Their independence once again. They formed the "League of Lokrians" (Κοινό των Λοκρών). However, the next earthquake of 106 BC destroyed BC again the newly built Opounta. The end of the Hellenistic period was sealed by the attack of Sulla , which took place around 87/86 BC. Took place. For the rest of the period, Opounta remained a farming community. At the same time, Atalandi became the center of ceramic craft in the region. The Sulla invasion drove many of the Opounta residents to leave their homes. The buildings remained abandoned during the "Roman era" (Ρωμαϊκής περιόδου, 30 BC – 324 AD). However, there was urbanization and by and large the population was concentrated around Kynos and the largest estates of this era developed. Baths and water pipes were built in Atalandi .
Early Christian time
In early Christian times, the bishopric of Opountos (Επισκοπή Οπούντος) was created, which was subordinate to the metropolitan area of Corinth. The bishop is mentioned in the acts of the Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon . In the years 376 and 395–397, the area experienced the attacks of the Goths and Visigoths under Alaric I. This event hit the economy hard and in many cases the decay of buildings near the coast can be observed.
Byzantine era
565, during the reign of Justinian I , the name Talanti ( Ταλάντι ) appears for the first time . Little information is available between the 7th and 10th centuries. Apparently there were invasions of North African (Arab) pirates in the 9th century and an invasion of Bulgarians under Tsar Simeon I in the 10th century .
In 1204 the rule of Atalandi (Gr. Βαρωνία Αταλάντης ) was founded. «Baronia Atalandis was referred to as the fief of Baron Pedro P. Pardines. He built the tower "Koulia" in Atalandi (collapsed in 1957 and since then has only been handed down as the place name "Paliopyrgos" on the hill above the city). Under Frankish rule this was subject to Baronia Bonifatius I and the Duchy of Athens . It was one of the four important ports with the seat in Talanti (Ταλάντι, La Calandri).
In the 13th century Atalandi appeared with the Frankish name "Talantum". In 1311 the Duchy of Athens fell into the hands of the Catalan Company through the battle of Kopaidas . In 1319 the duchy came under the rule of Sicily .
In 1380 "Navarians" (Ναβαραίοι) started a campaign of conquest against the Catalans from Atalandi. In 1385 all of Fthiotida fell into the hands of the Serbs with the exception of Atalandi. The Slavic influence can still be recognized today by Slavic names, such as Atalandi's local mountain, the Chlomo. In 1388 the area was again taken by Florentines , led by the Acciaiuoli family . This ended the rule of the Catalans. In 1393 the diocese of Talantion (Επισκοπή Ταλαντίου) with its seat in Talanti (Αταλάντη) was founded. In the same year the invasions of the Ottoman Empire began . The dissolution of the Duchy of Athens by the Ottomans in 1458 resulted in the final submission of Atalandi and all of Lokris.
Ottoman time
From 1466 one is Nachigies Talantas (ναχιγιές Ταλάντας, Ottoman administrative unit) recorded and since 1470 the area belonged to the Sanjak Evripos (Ευρίπου, Turkish: Εγριμπόζ). According to the records of 1466, Atalanti had 248 residents, 18 unmarried people and 22 widows, all of whom were Christian. In 1506 the place had grown by 200 people. They paid 33,541 Akçe in taxes. The inhabitants of Atalanti did not pay Haraç (χαράτσι - property tax), Spentza (σπέντζα) or other taxes in cash, but the children were kidnapped by the boy reading (παιδομάζωμα, devşirme). The Atalantans were allowed to guard the strait without taxes and in the event of a pirate attack or another enemy attack they provided 7 armed horses. Atalandi kept these privileges until 1571. At the same time, the register records 622 Christian families and 77 Ottomans in the same year, making it the largest city in the whole of Lokris with around 3000 inhabitants. This also explains the elevation to the Kaza , which for the following centuries included all of the surrounding places.
In 1688, during the war of Morea , the envoy Kourmas (Κούρμας) and the bishop Salonon Filotheos (Σαλώνων Φιλόθεος, επίσκοπος Αμφίσσης Φιλόθεος) temporarily administered the area and were able to drive out the Turks. In the same year, however, a plague raged in Atalandi and the Turks took power again. Many families - fled to the Venice-controlled area of the Peloponnese between 1691 and 1697 for fear of the return of the Turkish rulers. Little is known about Atalandi from the 18th and early 19th centuries.
One of those who visited Atalandi during this time was William Martin Leake (Ουίλιαμ Μάρτιν Ληκ) 1805. He writes:
“The city has 300 houses, a third of which are inhabited by Turks. Some of Atalandi's houses are large and surrounded by gardens that look very nice from a distance. But most are abandoned and in ruins, in part due to the plague that wiped out entire families a few years ago. The ruler is Isset Bey, a son of Kapicilar Kahyasi from Ali Pasha. The Greek quarter is separated from the Turkish quarter. The Bishop of Atalandi, who reports to the Bishop of Athens, is the head of the Greek community. He has a stately home with a garden with orange, lemon and other fruit trees. A garden, despite its wildness, is the best place here, something extraordinary in the area. The valley is very fertile, but not cultivated because of the lack of people. In the lowlands, near the sea, maize grows, excellent wheat, grapes, which are used to make good wine, and some olives are excellent. The average income here is the same as that in Athens or Livadia. The administrative area comprises thirty to forty villages, most of which are very small and rarely fully populated, as most of the residents have migrated to the areas around Livadia and Athens since Ali Pasha subjugated the area. The income is now in the hands of Veli, who is trying to bring emigrants back by promising tax breaks. "
Another diplomat, the French François Pouqueville (1806–1816) reported: “ Atalanti was built on the foothills of the Chlomo, it has a Voevoden and a Kadi . Two mosques and a church are the only buildings worth seeing. The importance of the city lies in the fact that twenty-one villages depend on it. »
According to other sources, around 1800, around 200 Ottoman families lived in Talanti in their own settlement (Greek: Τουρκομαχαλά - Tourkomachala) in the west of the city. The Voivode (Βοεβόδας, ruler of the Kaza Talantiou), the Ottoman treasurer (Χαζναδάρ-Αγάς, Chatznadar-Aga), the judge (Καδής / Κατής, Kadi) and a small Ottoman crew of around 150 men also sat there. The main Greek dignitaries (Προεστός, κοτζαμπάσηδες - Proestos, Kotzabasides, Turkish kocabaṣı.) Were: Lambros Alexandrou (renamed: Evmolpidis; Λάμπρος Αλεξάνδρου - Ευμολπίδης), Konstantinos SAKELLION (Κωνσταντίνος Σακελλίων) and Alexis Michalis (Αλέξης Μιχάλης). In 1803 Neofytos Metaxas (Νικόλαος / Νεόφυτος Μεταξάς, Ταλαντίου ο Νεόφυτος), who later became bishop of Athens, was ordained bishop of Atalandi. From 1810 the Ottoman doctor Hasan Kourtalis (Χασάν Αγάς Κούρταλης) looked after Greek and Ottoman patients indiscriminately.
The uprising of 1821
In 1821 residents from Sykia who were involved in a revolt against the Ottomans in Chalkidiki fled to Atalanti. A little later, the partisan leader Andonis Kondosopoulos (Αντώνης Κοντοσόπουλος, also: Gerandonos - Γεράντωνος) with around 1000 armed Lokrians besieged Atalandi and on March 31, 1821, he liberated the city from the local chiefs and chiefs of the Lampros Εά and Atalandi with the support of the Lampros Eleftheriosπυ other residents. In April they introduced the seal of the free Talanti from April 1821 (ΣΦΡΑΓΙΣ ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑΣ ΤΑΛΑΝΤΙ 1821 ΑΠΡΙΛΙΟΥ).
In the winter of the same year a passing Ottoman army under Omer Vrioni (Ομέρ Βρυώνης) and Mehmet Kiosses (Κιοσέ Μεχμέτ) captured the inhabitants and burned all houses. Those who were able to escape found refuge in Atalandonissi. In the following year Atalandi was again devastated by Ottoman troops and the plague raged in the city.
In the Second National Assembly (Β 'Εθνοσυνέλευση Άστρους) in Astros (Άστρος Κυνουρίας) of 1823, Bishop Neofytos and the lawyer Lampros Alexandou (Λάμπρος Αλεξάνδρου) took part. Ioannis Filon (Ιωάννης Φίλων) was installed as provincial governor . In 1824 the Ottoman fleet took Atalandonissi, destroyed the facilities there and killed and enslaved those who had sought refuge there.
The Battle of Atalandi took place from November 5th to 9th . Anastasios Karatasos (Αναστάσιος Καρατάσος), Angelis Gatsos (Αγγελής Γάτσος) and the philhellene Olivier Voutier (Ολιβιέ Βουτιέ) led 1500 Thessalomacedonian warriors. They were surprised by Mustafa Bey (Μουσταφάμπεης), who attacked from Livadia with about a thousand men on foot and on horseback. After a heated battle, the Greeks had to retreat after losing 42 men. According to other views, Gatsos and Karatassos were requested by the ruling Ioannis Kolettis (Ιωάννης Κωλέττης) to withdraw to Atalantonissi and to advance from there to Atalandi. However, this was not put into practice because the two military leaders had differences of opinion. Another opinion is held by Efstathios Kaklamanos (Ευστ. Ελ. Κακλαμάνος), who admits the differences of opinion between Gatsos and Karatasos. After this reconstruction, Gatsos led his men to Talandi alone. Voutier took a position on the hill Prophitis Ilias (Προφήτη Ηλία) with 200 men whom he had recruited. Only Karatasos and his men stayed on the ships. In the division of Gatsos who were saved by this misunderstanding, Tsamis Karatasos (Τσάμης Καρατάσος, the general's son) and Apostolos Vasiliou (Απόστολος Βασιλείου, Αποστολάρας) fought with their men.
Powder magazines were built in Atalandi, which were vital for the Turkish supply. They were manned by a guard of 200 men. In 1826 Georgios Karaïskakis ( Γεώργιος Καραϊσκάκης) made the unsuccessful attempt to blow up these powder magazines. In the following year Karaïskakis transferred a department with his men to Atalandi under Spyros Xydi (Σπύρος Ξύδη). Another attempt to free Atalandi from Ioannis Kolettis in 1827 also failed. Ultimately, the liberation only succeeded on November 6, 1828. Mitros Liakopoulos (Μήτρος Λιακόπουλος) from Kato Milia (Κάτω Μηλιά), Pieria took the city in a surprise attack.
After the liberation
In 1831 various institutions were set up, including the elementary school (first teacher was Dimitrios Manasidis (Δ. Μανασίδης) from Samos ), a magistrate's court , notary's office, tax authority, tobacco factory, customs, forestry and post office. In 1833 the city was attached to the prefecture of Lokris and Fokis . The first prefect was Ioannis Amvrosidis (Ιωάννη Αμβροσιάδη) and the district president Anagnostis Mostra (Αναγνώστη Μόστρα). At the same time, the diocese of Lokris from the dioceses of Mendenitsa and Talandi (Μενδενίτσα, Ταλαντί) was founded. Bishop was Agathangelos Myrianthousis (Αγαθάγγελο Μυριανθούση). In the same year, members of the Macedonian uprising of 1821 began to settle in Atalandi.
On 10 January 1834, the "city" Atalandi was founded with the surrounding towns by law: scale (Σκάλα Φθιώτιδας) Skenteraga (Σκεντέραγα - Megaloplatanos, Μεγαπλάτανος Φθιώτιδας) Kyparissi (Κυπαρίσσι Φθιώτιδας) Kyrtoni (Κυρτώνη Φθιώτιδας - Kolaka, Κολάκα) , Bogdano (Μπόγδανο), Exarchos (Έξαρχος Φθιώτιδας) and Drousko (Δρούσκο - Drisbei, Δρίσμπεη). Efstathios Spyridonos (Ευστάθιος Σπυρίδωνος) became the first mayor . In December 1836, Konstandinos Vellios (Κωνσταντίνος Βέλλιος / Μπέλιος), a benefactor of the Macedonian settlers, came to Atalandi. In 1837 he obtained the decision that the city of Pella (Πέλλη Αταλάντης) was established for the Macedonian settlers on royal orders and that the water from the “Pazari” (Παζάρι) spring was then exclusively available to them. A three-class school was established in 1843 and a primary school for girls in 1857. In 1855 the construction of the Theodoron Cathedral (Μητροπολιτικός Ναός των Αγ. Θεοδώρων) began and in 1862 the Metamorfosis Church (Ιερός Ναός της Μεταμορφώσεως) ήτυ Στοτ. In 1860 7 wells were built in Atalandi and Neas Pellis. In 1864 the annual fair Emporiki Panigyris was founded, which still takes place from August 6th to 10th. In 1871 the construction of the road between Atalandi and Skala began, and in 1873 a branch of the National Bank of Greece was established. In the uprising of Litochoro (Επανάσταση του Λιτοχώρου / του Ολύμπου) of 1878 volunteers from Nea Pella fought under Kosmas Doubiotis (Κοσμάς Δουμπιώτης). In 1885 the city received petroleum lighting and a water supply. The earthquake of 1894 caused great damage. 255 people died and 3,783 homes were damaged. At this time, silk construction also experienced its heyday in the region. Finally, in 1895, the Atalandi Locrian Gymnastics Club was founded, one of the oldest sports clubs in the country and co-founder of the Hellenic Amateur Athletic Association .
20th century
In 1912 the cities of Atalandi and Nea Pella were dissolved and merged as administrative units. There was a renewed influx of refugees in 1913 when Greeks were expelled from Thrace . A group of refugees from the Plavos (Πλαβος) came to Atalandi . In 1918 the flu raged . The citizens of Atalandi pleaded with the Saints Anargyri (Kosmas and Damian) for healing and on November 12th brought an icon from the monastery of the same name to the city. 63 inhabitants died in the following wars. During the Asia Minor catastrophe in 1922, 218 refugees came to the Synikismos neighborhood . In 1926 an aid association was founded to support the newly arrived and in 1931 an area of 3 hectares was made available for cultivation. In 1975 a cultural association I Agia Sophia was established to preserve the cultural heritage. In 1923 the trade association was established, and in 1927 the "Peasant Cooperative" and the "Mandolinata" were founded.
In 1928 athletes founded the sports club "Aias der Lokrer"; ( Athletics and football), and the conservation organization "I melissa (bee)" began to reforest the mountain Rhoda (Ρόδα). At the same time a power station was built. In 1931 the "Macedonian Association of Nea Pella - Megas Alexandros" and the football club "Olympiakos Atalandis" (Ολυμπιακός Αταλάντης) were founded and the sports club "Aias der Lokrer" organized the first regional athletics competition. The school building was erected in 1932 and a scout group was founded in 1933. The music club Syllogos Atalantis "Orpheus" and another sports club Syllogos "I Enosis" followed. In 1938 the choir festival Chorodia Atalantis (Χορωδία Αταλάντης) was celebrated for the first time and in 1939 the agricultural association Enosi Georgikon Synetairismon Atalantis was founded. On April 20, 1941, the city was bombed by the German air force and captured by the German army on April 25. To alleviate the misery in the years of hunger, the "White Cross" (Atalanteios Levkos Stavros "«ταλάντειος Λευκός Σταυρός") was founded.
Atalandi was occupied by Italian troops who left the city on March 23, 1943. But the darkest page of history was written on May 29, 1943, when Italian forces executed nine citizens of Atalandi. When the Italians withdrew in 1944, German troops again took over Atalandi. Since the end of the war, more and more residents of neighboring Evritania have settled in Atalandi, as there was only a meager livelihood in their home region. An earthquake on February 5, 1966 with the epicenter in Vracha Evritanias (Βράχα Ευρυτανίας) with a magnitude of 6.2 on the Richter scale caused significant damage. During the time of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949) the citizens faced each other in two opposing military organizations, the Greek Army and the Democratic Army of Greece (ΔΣΕ), eight residents were killed as members of the army, on the side of the DSE there was one unknown Number of dead. The next decades were marked by gratifying growth. Electrification was advanced and the water supply built. Kindergarten (1963) and city library were set up. In 1966 the cultural and educational association "Proodos" (Πρόοδος - progress) was founded. During the dictatorship (1967–1974) the clubs were banned again and the city's democratic organs were closed, the two sports clubs were merged, the town hall, the grammar school and lyceum, and a kindergarten and stadium were built.
After the end of the dictatorship there was an upswing again. The Constantine Cultural Center of Atalandi and the Technical University (Τεχνικό επαγγελματικό Λύκειο, 1979) were built. A number of new clubs were also established, such as the Lokros Athletikos Orivatikos Syndesmos sports club , the Nautikos Omilos Atalandis water sports club , the Society for Historical Research and Folklore and the “Atalanti 92” football club (Αθλητικός Πλοδοσφαιρικ 92α Σύλλοη »ά 92) «ττττά.
A local radio station went on air for the first time in 1992. Due to the political changes in Eastern Europe, foreign guest workers have been coming to Atalandi again since the 1990s. In 1998 the Archaeological Museum and the Aianteo anikto Dimotiko Theatro was opened. In 2010 the city was united through the Kallikratis program with the municipalities of Malesina, Opountia and Dafnousia to form the municipality of Lokri. Since then Atalandi has been the seat of this community.
Archaeological finds
Numerous archaeological finds have been made in the plain around the urban area of Atalandi. Including shards that could come from the Mycenaean period. Settlement remnants from this time could not be detected, whereby the settlement areas, as well as those of the following epochs, can be recognized by stratigraphic disturbances. Most of the finds from the “Middle Helladic Epoch” were found by chance. Mostly it is broken glass. The finds from the "Post Mycenaean Period" come mainly from chamber graves. Copper needles were found indicating that the dead were buried clothed. These needles are also the first evidence of the processing of metals in the Lokris.
The main grave finds from the classical period consist of clay vessels, mainly water vessels, but also wine vessels such as kantharoi . Few remains have been found from the Hellenistic period. Water pipes were the most important finds. In addition, small statues of gods, tools for making yarn, tiles, ceramics and other things came to light. During the Roman era, many older artifacts were destroyed or abducted by Sulla's conquest (87/86 BC). During this time, the city lost its importance, but Roman country estates (villa rustica) were built. These buildings were excavated in the Atalandi plain. They consisted of several buildings and had an almost village-like character. They had a water pipe and two wells. Some marble fragments have also been preserved. Finally, various ceramic mosaics were discovered in Atalandi. They come from different buildings and date between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. They mainly show geometric, but also nature motifs.
tourism
Attractions
Theologos (Fthiotida) is located on the Gulf of Atalandi. Together with Malesina and other beaches, it forms a popular tourist destination. Early Christian ruins lie on the coast. Important monuments are:
- The catacomb of St. Athanasios (Η κατακόμβη του Αγίου Αθανασίου) in the center of the city. It is a Roman crypt and it is said that a secret school was located there in Ottoman times. The church of St. Athanasios is attached to the crypt.
- The little church of Blessed Seraphim (Το εκκλησάκι του Οσίου Σεραφείμ), in the forest above Atalandi.
- The Avargyron Monastery (Το μοναστήρι των Αγίων Αναργύρων), from the 17th century in Kyrtoni (Κυρτώνη Φθιώτιδας).
- The Chapel of St. John of Roda (Το ξωκλήσι του Άι-Γιάννη) on the top of Mount Roda.
- The Archaeological Museum (Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Αταλάντης): The Archaeological Museum was opened in 1998 and is administered by the City of Atalandi and the Antiquities Authority (ΙΔ 'Εφορεία Προϊστοριων κτιντιντιντιν. It is housed in the classicist building of the former grammar school and shows exhibits from prehistoric times to remarkable pieces from the present day.
- The Atalandi Lagoon (Η Λιμνοθαλάσσα Αταλάντης) is located in the southern part of the Gulf of Atalandi. The 10 km² large lagoon is an important habitat for water birds and there are also some flamingos .
- The seaside resort of Skala Atalndis (Σκάλα Αταλάντης) is 6 km away by the sea. It houses numerous restaurants, bars and beach cafes, as well as two small churches: Analipsis (Ανάληψης) and Panagias (Παναγίας) and a small port.
Cultural activities
- Carnival (Καρναβάλι)
- This custom has existed in Atalandi since the 1970s. The "Karnavali" introduces the pre-fasting period (Περίοδος του Τριωδίου), during which the city's clubs offer dance festivals for all generations. In the past, the participants masked themselves and visited families who were friends. They played the guessing game “Who am I”. The pageant consists of club groups and floats that satirically depict current events. Schools, clubs and free groups take part in the parade through the main street. At the end of the parade, the dance around the gaitanaki (γαϊτανάκι) and the traditional burning of the carnival take place in the main square of the city. On the following day, “Clean Monday” (Καθαρά Δευτέρα - Kathara Deftera) all residents go to the beach of Skala. From then on, Lent is observed. The city of Atalandi celebrates this day with offers of traditional fasting dishes such as bean soup (Fasolada - φασολάδα), halva and wine and competitions in kite flying are held.
- Wine Festival (Iorti tou Krasinou - γιορτή του κρασιού)
- The Atalandi Wine Festival has existed since 1996. It is organized by the municipality in autumn. The area is known for its viticulture, two places are even named after it: Kato & Pano Ampelia (Κάτω / Πάνω αμπέλια - upper / lower vineyard). On the market square, wine is served during musical performances, which is provided by the local winegrowers.
- Sardine Festival (Iorti Sardelas - Γιορτή σαρδέλας)
- The sardine festival takes place in Skala in July. There sardines, salad and wine are distributed and there are musical performances.
- Atalandi Choir Festival (Chorodiako Festival Atalantis - Χορωδιακό Φεστιβάλ Αταλάντης)
- The choir festival has been taking place since 1980. In addition to the local choirs “Armonia” (Αρμονία - harmony), “Proodos” (Πρόοδος - progress), and the Atalandi Choir (Chorodia Atalandis - Χορωδία Ατάλαντης), choirs from the wider area also take part. The festival takes place in June.
- Annual fair (Emporopanigyri - Εμποροπανήγυρη)
- The Transfiguration of the Lord (μεταμορφώσεως του Σωτήρος) is celebrated on August 6th . Originally a pure cattle market, today it is a fair. The origins go back to the 18th century. It is popularly spoken of as the "Bazari" (Παζάρι).
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people
- Nikolaos Doubiotis (Νικόλαος Δουμπιώτης, * 1866 in Nea Pella) participated in the Macedonian War (Μακεδονικός Αγώνας) from 1904 to 1908 under the pseudonym Kapetan Amyndas (Καπετάν Αμύντς).
- Nikolaos K. Avraam (Νικόλαος Αβραάμ, * 1888 in Nea Pella), Minister of Justice and Minister of the Ministry of the Merchant Fleet.
- Vasilios A. Kokkinos (* 1929 in Ano Pella) President of the Supreme Court (1990–1996).
- Angelis Gatsos (1771–1839), military commander of the Greek Revolution
- Christos L. Ligdis (Λιγδής Λ. Χρήστος), a soldier from Atalandi who was killed during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus (July 20-21, 1974).
- Ioannis Kolettis (1773–1847), Greek politician.
- Charilaos, Demosthenis and Georgios Konstantinou (Χαρίλαος, Δημοσθένης, Γεώργιος Κωνσταντίνου), founders of the Athens tobacco company Santé .
swell
- F. Dakoronia; D. Kotoulas; E. Balta; B. Sythiakaki; B. Tolias (Δακορώνια Φ., Κωτούλας Δ., Μπαλτά Ε. Συθιακάκη Β. Τόλιας Β.): Lokrida - Istoria & Politismos (Lokrida - history and society; Λοκρίαία - ΙιτΠομς .στομς. Ktima Chatzimichali (Κτήμα Χατζημιχάλη).
- Evstathios Kaklamanos (Κακλαμάνος Ευστάθιος Ελ): Atalanti 1800–1828 (Αταλάντη 1800–1828). Thessaloniki : Ekdosis Dioskouri (Εκδόσεις Διόσκουροι) 1980.
- Kostas Karastathis (Καραστάθης Κώστας Β.): Ta pathi tou genous (The pain of the people; Τα πάθη του γένους) Athens : Tinos (Τήνος) 2001.
- Κωνσταντίνειο Πνευματικό Κέντρο Αταλάντης. 2011. «Η Αταλάντη» - Ιστορικό φωτογραφικό λεύκωμα. Αθήνα 2011. Εκδόσεις Μπαρτζουλιάνος.
- «Λοκρικά Χρονικά». 1995. Αθήνα: Ετήσια Έκδοση Εταιρείας Ιστορικών και Λαογραφικών Ερευνών Αταλάντης (Ε.Ι.Λ.Ε.Α.). Τόμος και Χρόνος 1ος.
- «Λοκρικά Χρονικά». 1997. Αθήνα: Ετήσια Έκδοση Εταιρείας Ιστορικών και Λαογραφικών Ερευνών Αταλάντης (Ε.Ι.Λ.Ε.Α.). Τόμος και Χρόνος 3ος.
- Μαβινίδης Γ. - Οι πλαβιώτες και το χωριό τους Απόστολος ( esebe.org )
- Apoplous magazine (Απόπλους). Τεύχος 1. 2002. Έκδοση: Μουσικός Πολιτιστικός Σύλλογος «Χορωδία Αταλάντης».
- «Απόπλους». Τεύχος 2. 2002. Έκδοση: Μουσικός Πολιτιστικός Σύλλογος «Χορωδία Αταλάντης».
- «Απόπλους». Τεύχος 3ο - 4ο. 2002. Έκδοση: Μουσικός Πολιτιστικός Σύλλογος «Χορωδία Αταλάντης».
- «Απόπλους». Τεύχος 6ο. 2002. Έκδοση: Μουσικός Πολιτιστικός Σύλλογος «Χορωδία Αταλάντης».
- «Απόπλους». Τεύχος 38ο. 2009. Έκδοση: Μουσικός Πολιτιστικός Σύλλογος «Χορωδία Αταλάντης».
- Protopapas Zisis (Πρωτόπαπας Ζήσης). 1952. «Λοκρίδα». Athens 1952. pp. 20-23.
- Ριζόπουλος. Ν. 2005. "Αταλάντη - Περιληπτική Αναδρομή, Μύθος-Ιστορία-Βιώματα-Αναμνήσεις". P. 29.
- Θοδωρής Τζουμέκης. 1998. Προσφυγικές Εγκαταστάσεις στη Φθιώτιδα κατά το Ά μισό του 20ου αιώνα . Thessaloniki.
- Manthos K. Christoforou (Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ.) 1991. «Η Οπουντία Λοκρίδα και η Αταλάντη - Μνήμες και μαρτυρίες». Μέρος 1ο. Athens: Εταιρεία Ιστορικών και Λαογραφικών Ερευνών Αταλάντης (Ε.Ι.Λ.Ε.Α.).
- Manthos K. Christoforou 1993. "Η Οπουντία Λοκρίδα και η Αταλάντη - Μνήμες και μαρτυρίες". Μέρος 2ο. Αθήνα: Εταιρεία Ιστορικών και Λαογραφικών Ερευνών Αταλάντης (Ε.Ι.Λ.Ε.Α.).
- Manthos K. Christoforou 1995. "Η Οπουντία Λοκρίδα και η Αταλάντη - Μνήμες και μαρτυρίες". Μέρος 3ο. Αθήνα: Εταιρεία Ιστορικών και Λαογραφικών Ερευνών Αταλάντης (Ε.Ι.Λ.Ε.Α.).
- Manthos K. Christoforou 2001. “Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει”. Έκδοση Δήμου Αταλάντης.
Web links
- Municipality website (Greek)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Results of the 2011 census at the National Statistical Service of Greece (ΕΛ.ΣΤΑΤ) ( Memento from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (Excel document, 2.6 MB)
- ↑ Manthos K. Christophorou (Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ.) 2001. Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει (overview of the chronicle of Opountos), 4000 years of Atalandi. Atalandi, 2003. p. 13.
- ↑ "Στην πόλη της Αταλάντης ξεχωριστά απογράφονται 32 χριστιανικές οικογένειες που ασχολούνταν στις Αλυκή της '- (. Δακορώνια Φ) (. Κωτούλας Δ) (. Μπαλτά Ε) F. Dakoronia, D. Kotoulas, E. Balta, V. Sythiakaki (Συθιακάκη Β.), V. Tolias (Τόλιας Β.) «Λοκρίδα - Ιστορία & Πολιτισμός». (Lokrida - History and Politics) Κτήμα Χατζημιχάλη., P. 155.
- ↑ Δακορώνια Φ., Κωτούλας Δ., Μπαλτά Ε. Συθιακάκη Β. Τόλιας Β. «Λοκρίδα - Ιστορία & Πολιτισμός». Εκδόσεις: Κτήμα Χατζημιχάλη. Pp. 154, 155.
- ↑ «23 οικογένειες της Αταλάντης και κατόπιν άλλες 111 από τη Λιβαδειά και την Αταλάντη,. - Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ. 2001. «Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει». Έκδοση Δήμου Αταλάντης. P. 15.
- ^ "There are 300 houses in the town, one third of which is Turkish. Some of the houses are big and surrounded by a garden. They seem very pretty from a far distance. But most of them are abandoned and ruined, partly because of a plague that wiped out entire families a few years ago. The ruler is Isset Bey, a son of Kapicilar Kahyasi of Ali Pasha. The Greek neighborhood is separated from the Turkish. The Bishop of Atalanti which comes under the Bishop of Athens is the head of the Greek community and has a sustainable house, with a garden of orange, lemon and other fruit trees. A garden, that despite its ferocity, is the best place here, something extraordinary in that area. The valley is very fertile, but not cultivated, because of the absence of people. In low parts of the area, towards the sea, corn, excellent wheat, grapes from which they make a tolerable wine and a few olives grow perfectly. The average wage here is the same as that one in Athens and Livadeia. The administrative area includes thirty to forty villages, most of them very small, and not fully inhabitant, since most of their residents migrate to areas of Livadeia and Athens, since Ali Pasha took over the place. Incomes are now in the hands of Veli, who is trying to bring back immigrants, promising tax cuts. " William Martin Leake , Travels in Northen Greece, vol. II, London 1835, pp. 171–172 - Αναφορά στο: Δακορώνια Φ., Κωτούλας Δ., Μπαλτά Ε. Συθιακάκη Β. Τόλιας Β. «Λοκρίδα - Ιστορία & Πολιτισμός». Εκδόσεις: Κτήμα Χατζημιχάλη. Pp. 184-185.
- ↑ FCHL Pouqueville (Φρανσουά Πουκεβίλ), Voyage de la Grèce, Deuxieme edition, Paris, 1826, vol. IV, p. 154. - Αναφορά στο: Δακορώνια Φ., Κωτούλας Δ., Μπαλτά Ε. Συθιακάκη Β. Τόλιας Β. «Λοκρίδα - Ιστορία & Πολιτισμός». Εκδόσεις: Κτήμα Χατζημιχάλη. σελ. 186.
- ↑ There is a difference between the reports of the two travelers because Leake claims that the population of Atalanti has decreased because of the epidemic and the mismanagement of the Velli, while Pouqueville claims that the population has increased. It should be noted that the first traveler visited the city himself, while the second only knew it from hearsay. - Dakoronia F. Kotoulas D., Baltas E. Tolias B Sythiakakis B. Locris - History & Culture. Publisher: Hatzimichalis Estate p. 186–187 (Greek: Δακορώνια Φ., Κωτούλας Δ., Μπαλτά Ε. Συθιακάκη Β. Τόλιας Β. «Λοκρίδα - Ιστορία». Χχτατατηηη.
- ↑ Christoforou Manthos (Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ.) 2001. «Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει». Έκδοση Δήμου Αταλάντης. P. 16.
- ↑ Ριζόπουλος. Ν. 2005. "Αταλάντη - Περιληπτική Αναδρομή, Μύθος-Ιστορία-Βιώματα-Αναμνήσεις". P. 29.
- ↑ Efstathios Kaklamanos El .: Atalanti 1800–1828. Thessaloniki: Edition Dioscuri 1980. (Κακλαμάνος Ευστάθιος Ελ .: «Αταλάντη 1800–1828». Θεσσαλονίκη: Εκδόσεις Διόσκουροι). Rizopoulos. N. 2005. Atalanti - Brief Retrospective, Myths-History-Experiences-Memories. P. 29, in Greek.
- ↑ περιοδ. «ΕΠΟΧΕΣ», τεύχος 17, p. 85, Σεπτεμβριος 1964
- ↑ Ειρηνοδικείο-Συμβολαιογραφείο
- ↑ Σχολαρχείο
- ↑ Δημοτικό Σχολείο Θηλέων
- ↑ εμπορική πανήγυρης
- ↑ Manthos K. Christoforou (Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ.) 2001. «Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει». Έκδοση Δήμου Αταλάντης. P. 23.
- ↑ Λοκρικός Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος Αταλάντης
- ↑ Σύνδεσμος Ελληνικών Γυμναστικών Αθλητικών Σωματείων, ΣΕΓΑΣ
- ↑ Συνοικισμός
- ↑ Προσφυγικός Σύλλογος Αταλάντης και Περιχώρων
- ↑ Προσφυγικός Σύλλογος Συνοικισμού Αταλάντης «Η ΑΓΙΑ ΣΟΦΙΑ»
- ↑ Εμπορικός Σύλλογος Αταλάντης
- ↑ Γεωργικός Πιστωτικός Συνεταιρισμός
- ↑ Μανδολινάτα
- ↑ Γυμναστικός Σύλλογος «Αίας ο Λοκρός»
- ↑ Φιλοδασική Ένωση Αταλάντης «η Μέλισσα»
- ↑ Σύλλογος οικιστών Μακεδόνων Νέας Πέλλης «Μέγας Αλέξανδρος»
- ↑ Δημοτικού Σχολείου Αρρένων και Θηλέων
- ↑ Μουσικός Σύλλογος Αταλάντης «Ορφεύς», 1935
- ↑ Σύλλογος «Η Ένωσις», 1936
- ↑ Ένωση Γεωργικών Συνεταιρισμών Αταλάντης
- ↑ Μπάμπης Τσέλιος - Μετεγκατάσταση κοινότητας Βράχας Ευρυτανίας
- ↑ Αιάντειος Δημόσια Βιβλιοθήκη Αταλάντης, 1965
- ↑ Athletikos kai Podosphyirikos Omilos "I Atalandi" - Αθλητικός και Ποδοσφαιρικός Όμιλος «Η ΑΤΑΛΑΝΤΗ»
- ↑ This was the gift of a person who emigrated to America, DA Soultanopoulos (Δ. Α. Σουλτανόπουλος) and was therefore called "Soultanopouliou" (Σουλτανοπούλειον). - Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ. 2001. «Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει». P. 30.
- ↑ Κωνσταντίνειο Πνευματικό Κέντρο Αταλάντης, 1976. Demosthenes Konstantinos (Δημοσθένης Κωνσταντίνος) promised the city 5 million drachmas for the construction of a medical facility instead (μμο γμθο οΣτθνο οΣτθνο ούΥτθνο οΣτθ. - Χριστοφόρου Μάνθος Κ. 2001. «Χρονολόγιο Οπούντος και Αταλάντης 4000 χρόνια - εν τάχει». P. 30.
- ↑ Λοκρός Αθλητικός Ορειβατικός Σύνδεσμος, from 1992 Athletikos Syllogos "Lokros" - Αθλητικός Σύλλογος «Λοκρός»
- ↑ Ναυτικός Όμιλος Αταλάντης, 1982
- ↑ Εταιρεία Ιστορικών και Λαογραφικών Ερευνών Αταλάντης, 1989
- ↑ Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Αταλάντης
- ↑ Αιάντειο ανοικτό Δημοτικό Θέατρο