Pfaffenstein
| Pfaffenstein | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Pfaffenstein seen from the northwest (from the direction of Quirl ) |
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| height | 434.6 m | |
| location | Saxony ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | Saxon Switzerland | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 53 '59 " N , 14 ° 4' 51" E | |
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| Type | Table Mountain | |
| rock | Sandstone | |
| particularities | Observation tower | |
The Pfaffenstein , also outdated Jungfernstein , is 434.6 m above sea level. NHN high table mountain in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains in Saxony . It is located to the left of the Elbe near Königstein and is also known as " Saxon Switzerland in miniature" due to its diverse structure .
The rugged mountain, criss-crossed by numerous caves, shows traces of Stone Age and Bronze Age settlement and, due to its poor accessibility, later often served as a place of refuge in times of crisis. The Pfaffenstein has been used for tourist purposes since the 19th century. On the mountain there is an inn, a lookout tower, several viewpoints and a few other sights.
The Pfaffenstein massif has been developed for climbing since the beginning of the 20th century and, with 32 climbing rocks, is one of the most important sub-areas of the Saxon Switzerland climbing area . The most famous rock, considered the landmark of the Pfaffenstein, is the Barbarine , a 43-meter-high rock needle , which was closed to climbing in 1975 due to severe erosion damage .
Location and surroundings
The Pfaffenstein is about two kilometers south of the district Pfaffendorf in the area of the city of Königstein. Another nearby settlement is Cunnersdorf about three kilometers southeast. The neighboring mountain in the northwest is the 349.6 m high Quirl , another table mountain.
In the south, the mountain is surrounded by forests that slope down to the Cunnersdorfer Bach . Around the northern part of the Pfaffenstein are predominantly agricultural areas.
The appearance of the mountain is characterized by an extensive summit plateau, which extends about one kilometer in north-south direction and up to 400 meters in west-east direction and has an area of about twelve hectares. It rises about 100 meters above the surrounding area. The peak is in the southern part of the plateau. The edge of the Pfaffenstein is formed by rugged and jagged sandstone rocks. The main massif is preceded by numerous individual rocks, the most famous of which is the Barbarine on the southern tip of the Pfaffenstein. Other important rock towers are the Königspitze , the Förster , the Bundesfels , the Rauhe Zinne , the Jäckelfels , the Pfaffenschluchtspitzen , the Peterskirche and the Einsiedler .
Origin of names and legends
The name Pfaffenstein probably comes from the nearby Pfaffendorf . This current district of Königstein got its name from the fact that the inhabitants were liable to pay interest to the Königstein clergy in the Middle Ages, as is also mentioned in the first written mention of the place in 1437. The name Jungfernstein is derived from a legend about the creation of the Barbarine, according to which a woman once sent her daughter to church on Sundays. However, caught looking for blueberries on the Pfaffenstein, her mother cursed her to stone.
history
Early history
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The Pfaffenstein plateau was settled around 3000 years ago. Archaeological excavations brought to light not only Stone Age but also Bronze Age finds from the Lausitz culture . From 1896 to 1912, various flat stone axes, clay vessels, a grinding stone and a hearth were found on the plateau, near today's mountain inn. The mountain landlord Richard Keiler found two bronze arm rings in 1921. Further excavations on the plateau were carried out in 1967, they confirmed the classification of the settlement in the Lusatian culture. The excavators found more pottery and a grindstone.
Presumably one of the oldest castles of the Lusatian culture was located there. The only prehistoric relic still visible today is the semicircular wall, also from the Bronze Age, on the west side of the Pfaffenstein at the Comfortable Ascent . The 200-meter-long structure probably served to block off the only access to the plateau and was surrounded by a ditch. Archaeological investigations in 1959 and 1961 showed an age of around 3000 years. Ceramic remains were also found inside the wall.
Early modern age
The Pfaffenstein was first mentioned in a document in 1548, and in that year the Pirna Official Inheritance Book mentions the rights of Pfaffendorf farmers to use the Pfaffenstein for their pasture and for wood extraction. Especially in times of war, the Pfaffenstein served the Pfaffendorf residents as a refuge and hiding place for their cattle. During the invasion of the Swedes in 1706, a house for the Königstein chief forester was built on the mountain. The last time the local farmers used the mountain as a hiding place in times of war, in this case in the wars of liberation against Napoleon . Caves such as the Kuhstallhöhle are said to have been used as hiding places. Outside of wartime, however, mostly only electoral hunters visited the Pfaffenstein, from them probably also the dates 1702 and 1714, which can be found in the "Schwedenkeller" and on the "Becomemen Aufstieg".
A larger rock face broke off on the east side in 1838. One of the rubble blocks lying at the foot of the wall is the current Klamotte climbing rock . The demolition wall , which can be seen from afar, is known as the white wall because of the light surface that is not very weathered .
First tourist developments in the 19th century
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Carl Gottlob Jäckel (1803–1882) gained importance as a modern developer of the Pfaffenstein . Because of his good local knowledge, he was considered a safe tour guide. The vernacular referred to him as "Berggeist vom Pfaffenstein" or "Rübezahl vom Pfaffenstein". He planned and implemented the first path extensions and rediscovered the cowshed cave. A marble medallion with his life-size bust with the inscription “Dedicated to the developer and guardian of the Pfaffenstein, Mr. Karl Gottlob Jäckel vom Vaterland, was attached to the Jäckelfels named after him in 1881 . Gebirgsv. Saxonia October 2, 1881 ”.
On Jäckel's initiative, Carl Gottlieb Kliemann, the Pfaffendorfer hereditary court tenant, set up the first small catering facility in a bark hut in 1852. Kliemann also laid the first paths to various viewpoints and strange rock formations.
Supported by his brother-in-law Kliemann, presumably out of self-interest, the lithographer and forger Friedrich Eduard Goldschmidt, who escaped from the judicial prison in Königstein on the night of September 27, 1854, produced false Anhalt-Dessau five -guild notes in a cave near the Rindenhütte . It is usually assumed that it was the Goldschmidthöhle named after him, but it is possible that he was actually hiding in the drier Falkenhöhle. Another assumption is that he was only in the cave during the day and used his brother-in-law's hut to spend the night.
At the end of November 1854 Goldschmidt was arrested in Dresden. A court sentenced Goldschmidt, his brother-in-law Kliemann and other accomplices to prison sentences, and the Kliemannsche Einkehr was then torn down.
In the following time the mountain was gradually developed. An unknown visitor had a stone bench carved out of a rock in 1863.
In 1878/1879 Carl Gottlob Jäckel set up a first generally accessible ascent, roughly in the course of today's Comfortable Ascent . In order to be able to offer the visitors a break, Paul Ulbrich, the landlord of the Pfaffendorfer Gasthof, built a new summer inn at the location of the old hut in 1880 at Jäckel's renewed instigation. A stone building at the current location of the mountain inn replaced it in 1891.
Fundamental changes around 1900
The widow Ulbrich sold the inn in 1895 to the Keiler family, who ran it for three generations until 1990. Hermann Keiler expanded the inn between 1897 and 1904 to its present day appearance. Since all loads had to be carried up the mountain with difficulty until 1912, it was decided to build a freight elevator, which is still in operation.
Hermann Keiler, who had already acquired three parcels on the mountain, initially concluded lease agreements with some owners of the remaining mountain parcels in order to offer visitors access to the rock formations. In the end, however, he and his son bought the land, as far as possible, so that the family ultimately owned eleven of the twelve hectares of the plateau.
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The first wooden observation tower was inaugurated on September 2, 1894 and offered a comprehensive panoramic view from the Pfaffenstein that was not obstructed by the forest. The widowed Mrs. Ulbrich financed the construction. Because the tower had become dilapidated, the new tenant Hermann Keiler had it torn down in 1904 and replaced with a new building made of sandstone. The new tower was built in spring under the direction of the master builder Naumann from Königstein. The stones required had already been broken on the spot during the winter, and all other materials such as lime, roofing slate, windows and doors had to be laboriously carried up the mountain. The 29 meter high tower was consecrated on August 7, 1904 by Pastor Hoyer from Königstein.
The eye of the needle was opened up in 1897 for a better ascent . The development for climbing also began at this time, the most important steps were the first ascent of the north tower in 1900 and the Barbarine in 1905. With the Klammweg , another normal ascent to the Pfaffenstein was added in 1913. The popularity of the Pfaffenstein was shown, among other things, in the fact that the Saxon King Friedrich August III. climbed the mountain together with his daughters in 1915 and stopped off at the mountain inn.
20th century
After damage from a lightning strike in 1944 and the resulting erosion, Barbarine's head had to be secured several times. A climbing ban has been in effect since 1975 in order to save the rock.
The private property of the Keiler family on the Pfaffenstein was acquired by the Free State for 2.9 million DM in 1992 for the Saxon Switzerland Association . The Berggasthof also became the property of the Schutzgemeinschaft in 1993. The observation tower reopened in 1995 after a renovation.
On June 26, 1997, the nature reserve created in 1990 was expanded. Since then, some places of interest to tourists may only be entered while climbing, such as the cathedral , the Königsgarten , the Nasse Schlucht and a few others.
geology
In the geological structure of the massif, a distinction is made between foot slope and rock crown . While the chalk sandstone steps of the foot slope are small- banked and come from the Middle Turon , those of the rock crown from the Oberturon-Coniac are larger - banked. In the area of the change of layers there are profound layers of weathering, ribbons, recessed wall sections and caves.
Several large canyons, such as the Nasse Schlucht (see map), divide the plateau so much that a wide variety of shapes has formed with walls, towers and individual rocks. Above all, the cracks that intersect at right angles are particularly noticeable , especially on the west side. They were created by the compressive stresses of the Lusatian Fault running on the northern edge of Saxon Switzerland and the uplift of the Ore Mountains, which caused the sandstone layers of the Pfaffenstein to slope slightly to the west. As a result, the seepage water in the spaces and layers mainly flows to the west. The visible consequences are the pronounced gorges and the narrow but conspicuous terrace on the west side. On the east side, various clefts were created below the plateau. At the foot of the wall, the weathering processes led to the formation of the conspicuous foot slope that extends around the mountain with sometimes very large boulders and weathered debris. On the east side, the consequences of the last major landslide can still be seen, in which the White Wall on the east side was created on October 3, 1838 . The extensive field of debris below the wall is now almost completely overgrown and hardly recognizable.
Due to the impermeability to water of two ice age, 1.5 meter thick loess loam layers , water accumulations such as the Nixensee or the Black Lake formed . The availability of water contributed to early modern settlement.
caves
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At the Pfaffenstein there are around a dozen layer joint, crevice and rubble caves. The layer joint caves are mainly located on the east side of the mountain in the layer joint tape about 15 meters below the plateau. There is also the most famous cave of the Pfaffenstein, the Goldschmidthöhle named after the counterfeiter . It is a crevice and layer joint cave and protrudes a good ten meters into the rock. The Goldschmidthöhle is one of the most famous sights of the mountain. The Falkenhöhle lies on the same joint tape . Some smaller layer joint caves are located above the foot slope on the north side of the Pfaffenstein. Another cave that can be visited is the Kleine Kuhstall , a rubble cave open on two sides on the west side.
The largest cave on the Pfaffenstein is the Bello cave, discovered around 1910 . It was named after Richard Keiler's dog, the mountain host at the time. The dog had fallen into the cave and thus contributed to their discovery. This rubble cave, which is over 20 meters long, has its mouth below the Jäckelfelsens, but it is not open to tourists because of the sometimes very narrow crawlways.
A total of 16 caves have been included in the Saxon cave cadastre since 1962 under the direction of the Dresden cave research group on Pfaffenstein.
Floors
On and on the Pfaffenstein there are mostly rock humus soils , Ranker and podsols shallow. Skeletal humus soil has formed on the rubble . Kolluvisols can be found in hollows and gutters . Over the remains of the Pleistocene you can find pseudogley -parabraunerde to parabraunerde -pseudogleye made of gravel containing clay silt .
Flora and fauna
flora
In general, the vegetation corresponds to that of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains . Versatile structures such as exposed rocks and damp ravines form a diverse small habitat.
Only a few plants that are adapted to the location, such as lichens and mosses, grow in sunny places with little fine soil . In remote places, however, especially in ravines, water reservoirs form with lots of fine soil and varied vegetation.
The trees at the foot of the slope and at the debris cone are characterized by human use. Spruce stands (approx. 30 percent) predominate on the east and south-west sides, but these are to be returned as near-natural forests. On the north and west side there is still the natural vegetation with oaks and beeches. Birches and oaks thrive on the rock itself, as well as beeches. A change to the pine reef forest can be observed at the rock soles and edges.
Typical representatives of the ground vegetation are the acidic heather, the blueberry, the lingonberry and the wire-smear .
fauna
As representatives of the bird world on the Pfaffenstein, in addition to inhabitants of deciduous and coniferous forests, above all typical rock dwellers can be found. Before the Second World War , the Pfaffenstein was considered the best-known breeding ground for the peregrine falcon in the Elbe sandstone, but soon after the war the peregrine falcon disappeared from the mountain, in Saxon Switzerland the peregrine falcon died out completely by 1972. In the course of the reintroduction of the peregrine falcon from 1989, the birds first brooded again in 1993 in the cliffs of the Pfaffenstein. Since then, at least one pair can be found every year and is mainly nestled in the demolition walls on the southeast side. The kestrel is more common than the peregrine falcon , although its populations of around eight to ten pairs declined somewhat in the mid-1990s. Since 1990 common ravens have been breeding again on the Pfaffenstein. In 2015, an eyrie of an uhup couple was discovered for the first time on Pfaffenstein in the area of the Bilch and Lonely Knight climbing peaks on the Nassen Schlucht. Other rock breeders in the walls of the mountain are tawny owl , rough owl and stock dove . In the forest of the plateau there are many breeding birds, such as different species of woodpecker such as the black woodpecker . In addition, smaller songbirds such as nuthatches , black redstart or redstart appear. Around 30 species of songbirds have been identified so far.
In mammals, there are also many species that have adapted to life in the rock, such as various bat species that use the gorges as a sleeping place. A former resident of the Pfaffenstein is the garden dormouse , which was very common until the 1960s. For reasons that are still largely unknown, it has completely disappeared; the last garden sleepers were spotted in Saxon Switzerland in 2007. On the other hand, the somewhat larger dormouse can be found very often in the rocks . Other rodents on the Pfaffenstein are various strains of mice ( field mouse , yellow-necked mouse , wood mouse , vole , vole , field vole , bank vole ) and squirrels . There are also shrews ( wood shrew , dwarf shrew , garden shrew ) and moles , the latter have even conquered the plateau. Other mammals on the Pfaffenstein are the brown hare , deer , stone marten , badger and fox .
Amphibians and reptiles are rarely seen on the Pfaffenstein. Common frogs and common toads have occasionally been found on amphibians . The reptiles are represented by smaller occurrences of forest lizards , sand lizards , adders and grass snakes , the most common are slowworms .
Tourism and sport
Ascents
There are three ascents to the Pfaffenstein plateau:
- The Comfortable Path is probably the oldest ascent and descent. On the west side it leads past the Jäckelfels to the right and then further up the mountain in winding paths and a few steps through a damp overgrown gorge.
- The Klammweg , opened in 1913 , leads past the Jäckelfels to the left. First it runs along steps between and under rocks, before reaching the restaurant on the mountain after a bridge. The most striking rock is the guillotine , a rock that got stuck in the gorge when it fell.
- The quickest way to reach the plateau from the north is via the eye of the needle . The path consists of around 570 unevenly high steps and its upper section is so narrow that there is no space for two people next to each other. The path, which was opened in 1897, is so steep towards the end that the ascent has to be carried out on permanently installed iron ladders. You climb through a horizontal, rather narrow rock hole.
Further ascents can no longer be used or are blocked. These include u. a. the Wirtsstiege and the Nasse Schlucht . The so-called economic staircase on the east side of the rock near the freight elevator consists of steel brackets on a rock wall and used to serve the landlords as a quick ascent and descent. In the meantime, part of the steel bracket has been removed and there is a risk of falling. Steps carved into the stone and a wall still bear witness to the ascent through the Nasse Gorge on the west side of the Pfaffenstein. The ascent has not been maintained since around 1900 after the bottleneck was completed and is now blocked. The gorge can only be used as access to various climbing rocks.
the easy climb
Entry to the Klammweg on the Jäckelfelsen
in the Klammweg
Ascent through the eye of the needle
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Attractions
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There are several viewpoints on the mountain, especially on the edge of the rock plateau. Opposite the Barbarine in front of the Pfaffenstein is the Barbarine view. It offers a view of the Barbarine and other table mountains of Saxon Switzerland, the Gohrisch , the Papststein and the Zschirnsteine , with good visibility the Hohe Schneeberg is also recognizable. The south view offers a view of the Zschirnsteine and, as a large terrace, an opportunity to relax. At the sacrificial stone you have a wide view to the west.
Other vantage points are the Marienblick, above the White Wall and the Albrechtsburg .
The Jäckelfels, also Jäckelfelsen, is a rock in the west of the Pfaffenstein, where the gorge path branches off from the comfortable path. There is a small square with the bronze medallion and the memorial plaque for Carl Gottlob Jäckel. Most of the caves on the Pfaffenstein are not accessible without climbing equipment, only the Goldschmidthöhle can be easily entered.
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The mountain inn in the east of the summit plateau serves as an educational and meeting place for the focus areas of adventure geology and forest education. Since 2007 there has been an exhibition on the subject of geology and fossils of Saxon Switzerland, which was organized together with the Museum of Mineralogy and Geology Dresden in an adjoining room . The 29 meter high observation tower is close to the inn. From there there is a panoramic view, mainly to the east and west, as the view in the other directions is impaired by trees.
Climbing sport
With 32 officially recognized climbing peaks and over 850 climbing routes and variants, the Pfaffenstein is one of the most important sub-areas in the Saxon Switzerland climbing area . With a few exceptions, the climbing rocks hardly stand out from the basic silhouette of the Pfaffenstein, but sometimes reach heights of over 50 meters. Due to the rough, mostly very solid surface, the sandstone on the Pfaffenstein offers a variety of climbs up to the highest levels of difficulty .
Compared to other climbing destinations in Saxon Switzerland, the Pfaffenstein was discovered relatively late for climbing. It was not until 1900 that Oscar Schuster and his companions climbed the north tower, the first striking climbing peak . The ascent of the Barbarine followed in 1905 by Rudolf Fehrmann and Oliver Perry-Smith . The climbers climbed the last difficult summit, the Königspitze , in 1929. In the following years, they reached ever greater difficulties. There was an outstanding first ascent after the First World War with the Barbarine valley side ( difficulty level VIIc according to the Saxon difficulty scale ). Alfred Herrmann succeeded in this ascent in 1924 after several attempts.
After several years of quiet, also due to the Second World War, a phase of more intensive new development began in the post-war period. In this context, the Black Edge trails on the Königspitze (VIIIa) and the Direct Autumn Trail (VIIIc) on the Northern Pfaffenschluchtspitze must be mentioned. Herbert Richter was the first to climb both paths in 1956 and 1957. The northeast face (VIIIb) at the Förster followed in 1969 by the then still young Bernd Arnold . A year later, Helfried Hering was the first to commit one of the most difficult crack climbs in Saxon Switzerland, the Leaning Death (VIIIb) on the Einsiedler . The valley side (VIIIb) on the Bundesfels followed in 1975 by Manfred Vogel. The first IXa on Pfaffenstein was the north pillar on the north tower by Bernd Arnold in 1979.
Between 1979 and 1982, Bernd Arnold reached the 1000-mark wall on the valley side of the southern Pfaffenschluchtspitze , the (in) complete symphony on the north tower and the reward of fear on the Jäckelfels (all IXc) several ways to the performance limit at that time . The 1000 Mark Wall was the first IXc on Pfaffenstein. In 1968, Willy Häntzschel , a top climber from the pre-war era, convinced of the impassability of the wall, offered Bernd Arnold 1000 marks if he should climb the wall. Arnold made the first attempt as early as 1969, but it wasn't until August 18, 1979, after several attempts, that he succeeded in climbing the wall.
In addition to Arnold, Falk Schelzel, Thomas Rudolf and the two Czechs Jindřich Hudeček and Václav Vodička also managed several paths in this difficulty area. Mario Weippert was able to do this with the Inflation (Xb) path (adjacent to the 1000-Mark wall on the southern Pfaffenschluchtspitze ), Jindřich Hudeček with the Fireball (Xb) path at St. Peter's Church and Christian Günther with the chain reaction path (Xb) at the Rauhen Raise the pinnacle again.
The current top is probably still the path Good bye and Amen (XIb) at the summit of St. Peter's Church , where the most difficult paths in the area of the Pfaffenstein are located. Sven Scholz first climbed this path in 1992. Speed (XIc), another path at the current limit, was first climbed by Thomas Willenberg at the Einsiedler in 1998. Other more difficult trails from Willenberg, mostly of higher difficulty, have not yet been repeated or downgraded.
Nature reserve
The Pfaffenstein nature reserve is the only nature reserve on the left bank of the Elbe in Saxon Switzerland. With an area of approx. 37.02 hectares, it covers both the plateau and the slopes of the mountain. The area around the inn, which is not under nature protection, is an exception. With the exception of the northwest side of the plateau, almost the entire area is forested.
In its current extent, the area has been under protection since June 26, 1997. The first protection took place in March 1990.
The protection purpose is the preservation and development of communities and that of the forest, but also that of the natural history and geological monument with erosion forms of sandstone that are unique for Central Europe. The nature reserve is part of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat 185 "Table mountains and rock areas of Saxon Switzerland on the left Elbe", which is responsible for the protection of silicate rocks with crevice vegetation. It is also part of the EU bird sanctuary 58 “Rock and forest areas on the left bank of the Elbe”, which focuses on the brood of peregrine falcons, among other things.
literature
- Johannes Deichmüller : A prehistoric settlement on the Pfaffenstein in Saxon Switzerland. In: Meeting reports and papers of the Natural Science Society ISIS in Dresden. Born in 1897 (July – December), Dresden 1898, pp. 73–79. ( Digitized version )
- Johannes Deichmüller: The Pfaffenstein. In: Alfred Meiche (ed.): The castles and prehistoric dwellings in Saxon Switzerland, Dresden 1907, pp. 8-14.
- Ralph Keiler (with contributions by Ulrich Augst, Dieter Beeger, Albrecht Kittler, Alfred Neugebauer, Holm Riebe, Peter Rölke, Klaus Schneider): The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, ISBN 3-934514-15-4 .
- Alfred Neugebauer : Pfaffenstein and Neurathen (= series of publications "Historical and local history contributions from Pirna and the surrounding area", issue 5). Pirna City Museum 1986.
- Matthias Torke: On the interpretation of prehistoric finds from the Pfaffenstein. In: Working group of Saxon Switzerland in the regional association of Saxon homeland security (ed.): Communications. Issue 8. Pirna 2008, pp. 19–72.
- Roland H. Winkelhöfer: The whisk without a doubt. A local history of the 20 table mountains on the left Elbe in Saxon Switzerland. DER HÖHLENFORSCHER publishing house, Dresden, ISBN 3-00-004380-2 .
Web links
- Pfaffenstein protection community
- The mountain restaurant on the Pfaffenstein
- Information on geology and the flora and fauna on the website of the Saxon Switzerland National Park
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services ( memento of December 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) of the BfN
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 57.
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, ISBN 3-934514-15-4 , p. 40.
- ↑ Pfaffenstein on wanderpfade.de, general information about rocks, accessed on June 24, 2010.
- ↑ a b Pfaffendorf, Sächsische Schweiz , accessed on September 9, 2010.
- ↑ Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm : German legends . Munich 1816, p. 229 ( literaturnetz.org [accessed July 17, 2010]).
- ^ Friedrich Adolph Schumann, Albert Schiffner: Complete state, post and newspaper lexicon of Saxony . tape 8 . Schumann, 1821, p. 216 ( Google Books [accessed July 17, 2010]).
- ↑ Keiler, 2004, p. 66 ff.
- ^ Karl-Heinz Otto, Joachim Herrmann: settlement, castle and city . In: Writings of the Section for Prehistory and Early History . tape 25 . German Academy of Sciences in Berlin, 1969, p. 80 .
- ^ Ernst Probst : The Lausitz culture . In: Academic series . GRIN, 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-11178-7 , pp. 17 ( Google Books ).
- ↑ Keiler, 2004, p. 75 ff.
- ↑ Keiler, 2004, p. 7.
- ↑ a b c Pfaffenstein nature reserve, information on the “cowshed” ( memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on June 20, 2010
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 11, 129 ff.
- ↑ a b Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 13.
- ↑ a b Kathrin Klinkusch: Rocks and Gorges - The NABU Nature Conservation Station Pfaffenstein in Saxon Switzerland ( Memento from February 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). In: nature conservation today. Year 2007, issue 3, accessed on June 24, 2010.
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 16 f.
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 21.
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 28.
- ↑ Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 110 ff.
- ↑ a b c The Pfaffenstein - an exploration and not a Barbarine , accessed on August 4, 2011.
- ↑ Keiler, 2004, pp. 60 ff.
- ↑ Keiler, 2004, p. 124.
- ↑ a b c d Klenke: Nature reserves in Saxony. 2008, p. 624.
- ↑ a b c NSG Pfaffenstein on the website of the Saxon Switzerland National Park , accessed on June 21, 2010.
- ↑ Ulrich Augst: The animal world of the Pfaffenstein . In: Ralph Keiler: Der Pfaffenstein , Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 83.
- ↑ Augst, 2004, p. 84.
- ^ Uhu family breeds at Pfaffenstein , Sächsische Zeitung (Pirna edition) from May 27, 2015
- ^ Announcement of the Saxon Switzerland Initiative on the results of a study on garden dormouse occurrences (PDF; 2.1 MB).
- ↑ a b Augst: The animal world of the Pfaffenstein . In: Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 88.
- ↑ Pfaffenstein: Comfortable ascent / descent on wanderpfade.de, accessed on June 24, 2010.
- ↑ a b Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 17.
- ↑ Pfaffenstein: Barbarinenaussicht on wanderpfade.de, accessed 2 June 2010
- ^ Pfaffenstein: Süd-Aussicht on wanderpfade.de, accessed on June 2, 2010
- ↑ Pfaffenstein: Air sacrifice boiler on wanderpfade.de, accessed 2 June 2010
- ↑ a b Pfaffenstein ( memento of December 10, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on saechsische-schweiz-touristik.de, accessed on June 3, 2010.
- ↑ Pfaffenstein on wanderpfade.de, accessed on June 3 of 2010.
- ↑ Pfaffenstein: Place in front of the valley wall of the Jäkelfelsens ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Pfaffenstein: Lookout tower , accessed on June 2, 2010.
- ↑ Albrecht Kittler : The Pfaffenstein and climbing in: Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 91.
- ↑ Rift climbing in the Elbe Sandstone Mountains sorted by rock
- ↑ Albrecht Kittler: The Pfaffenstein and climbing in: Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 95.
- ↑ Albrecht Kittler: The Pfaffenstein and climbing In: Ralph Keiler: The Pfaffenstein. Berg- & Naturverlag Rölke, Dresden 2004, p. 97.
- ↑ a b Klenke: Nature reserves in Saxony. 2008, p. 625.
At the gallows pond Altenberg | Mountain meadows in the Eastern Ore Mountains and Fürstenau Heath | Dresden Elbe Valley slopes | Geisingberg | Georgenfelder Hochmoor | Gimmlitztal | Gimmlitzwiesen | Bullfinch catch | Border meadows Fürstenau and Fürstenauer Heide | Holy Halls | Stumbling block | Hochstein - Karlsleite | Hofehübel Bärenfels | Luchberg | Märzenbecherwiesen in Polenztal | Low mountain range around Oelsen | Middle Seidewitztal | Müglitzhang near Schlottwitz | Pfaffenstein | Rabenauer reason | Schwarzbachtal | Reasons to save at Dohna | Trebnitzgrund | Unger | Weicholdswald | Weißeritztal slopes | Weißeritzwiesen Schellerhau | Wesenitzhang near Zatzschke | Windberg