Bendelife
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Bendelife
Community Kyffhäuserland
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| Height : | 160 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 22.42 km² |
| Residents : | 681 (December 31, 2011) |
| Population density : | 30 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2012 |
| Postal code : | 99707 |
| Area code : | 034671 |
 Location of the district in Kyffhäuserland
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Bendeleben is a district of the community Kyffhäuserland in the Thuringian Kyffhäuserkreis , not far from the district town Sondershausen on the road connecting to Bad Frankenhausen.
geography
location
Bendeleben is located southwest of the Kyffhäuser Mountains . In the neighborhood are (starting clockwise in the northwest): Badra , Steinthaleben , Barbarossahöhle , Rottleben , Göllingen and a training area of the German Federal Armed Forces in the West. The artificially created Kleine Wipper flows through Bendeleben 600 years ago , into which the Siedenbach flowing from the west flows.
climate
The annual precipitation is 512 mm. The rainfall is extremely low. They are in the lower twentieth of the values recorded in Germany. Lower values are registered at 4% of the measuring stations of the German Weather Service . The driest month is February, with the most rainfall in June. In June there is 2.6 times more rainfall than in February. The rainfall varies moderately. Lower seasonal fluctuations are recorded at 62% of the measuring stations .
history
A settlement from the Neolithic Age existed on today's western outskirts. A stool grave from the Bronze Age was uncovered in the district. Archaeological finds since around 500 BC indicate settlement by Teutons . They knew about iron extraction and processing. There was probably a legendary place of worship in the Margrave Wood. A ring wall there is a protected ground monument.
Bendeleben was mentioned in a document around 870: The Fulda monastery received property in the village. The final syllable -leben indicates a settlement of the Germanic Warnings or Angles who immigrated in the first centuries AD . From the 12th century onwards, a noble family was called von Bendeleben . This old knightly Thuringian servant dynasty of the Landgraves of Thuringia had its ancestral seat at a Bendeleben castle. In 1249 the place came to the Margraves of Meissen . The manor Bendeleben was first mentioned in a document around 1337 . In 1525 Balthasar von Bendeleben is said to have joined the rebellious farmers. The Reformation was introduced in 1539 . In 1573 the Magister Johannes Clajus came to Bendeleben as pastor. Instead of a previous building from the 12./13. In the 15th century the new church of St. Pankratii was built in 1588, and the church tower was also completed in 1623. During the Thirty Years' War , Bendeleben also suffered badly from mercenaries, hunger and plague. Bendeleben was affected by the persecution of witches in 1686/87 . Margaretha, widow of Hermann Weisse, got into a witch trial . Despite the torture, she could not be extracted from a confession and was released.
In 1763 Johann Jacob von Uckermann ("the second") acquired the estate and castle. He had the ramshackle knight's seat removed and a castle built in its place, an inspector's house identical in construction, together a symmetrical complex. At the same time, residential and farm buildings as well as other buildings in the Baroque style were built. In 1770 the pleasure garden was redesigned and an orangery was built . The deer garden became a large castle park in the English style.
As a result of the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna , the former exclave Bendeleben of the Electoral Saxon office of Weißensee came under the rule of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in 1816 . In 1827 the major and scientist Johann Jacob Uckermann (“the third”) inherited the property and set up an observatory in the castle tower; In 1831 he abolished the forced labor. In 1835 the pastor and geographer Cannabich came to Bendeleben. In 1849 the merchant Wilhelm Krause from Braunschweig acquired the manor and palace. He was raised to the nobility in 1852. In 1853 he successfully began mining lignite in the Luisengrube, the deposit was exhausted in 1878. In 1860/61 von Krause had the New Palace built. From 1865 the "art gardener" Heinemann promoted fruit and vegetable growing in the village. After his return from war and captivity in 1920, the diplomat and landlord Wilhelm Baron von Krause devoted himself to his property in Bendeleben from 1920. Under him and his wife Franziska von Krause born. from Schmidthals, used. Fürstin von Lieven , the palace was thoroughly redesigned and modernized, and a sports field and bathhouse were built in the park. The manor became a model agricultural operation with an impact on the region. From 1927 on, the estate manager was Max Hansen, a successful animal and plant breeder. In the 1920s and early 1930s, Alexandra von Oelsen (from 1933 Alexandra von Arnim ), the daughter of Franziska von Krause , was also involved in plant breeding . The farmed animal feed varieties Bendelebener Luzerne (1935) and Esparsette as Bendelebener D4 (1944) were officially recognized.
On April 11, 1945, Bendeleben was occupied by US troops . After they were replaced by the Red Army in early July 1945, the von Krause family was expropriated without compensation and had to leave the castle and site within 24 hours. Wilhelm von Krause was arrested, taken to Sondershausen prison together with other landowners and later released. Von Krauses went to Grainau in Upper Bavaria. The estate administrator Max Hansen was picked up and taken to the Soviet Buchenwald special camp , where he died in December 1945 and was buried in a mass grave. The castle with its valuable inventory was looted. A historical depiction of King Jerome von Westphalen also disappeared from the paintings while inspecting a maneuver by his troops in 1809 near Bendeleben. During the land reform in 1946, 300 hectares of land were divided up among poor farmers, the rest became nationally owned seed. In 1951 a seed breeding station was built. LPG Friedrich Engels was founded in the early 1950s . In 1970 the castle was converted into a retirement and nursing home. Many buildings fell into disrepair during the GDR era. The wall around the castle park was used in parts as a quarry for road construction.
In 1990 the LPG changed to a cooperative (e. G.). In 1991 the VEG and the seed breeding station were wound up. In the same year, Alexandra Countess von Arnim (Wilhelm von Krause's adopted daughter) and her son Professor Dr. Thomas Graf von Arnim took over the estate with 360 hectares of arable land. Both took great care of the restoration of the baroque manors of Bendeleben. Alexandra died in Bavaria in 1999. In 1999 the restoration of the orangery (completed in 2010) and the former pleasure garden began with the financial contribution of the German Foundation for Monument Protection . You can tell in the “Baroque village of Bendeleben” how many initiatives by the citizens, the community, various institutions and not least by the married couple Thomas and Sabine von Arnim have become effective. In 2001, several years of renovation work on the New Palace, which is owned by the workers 'welfare organization, serves as a senior citizens' and nursing home. The agricultural cooperative is now part of the Landgut GmbH Bendeleben / Badra.
On December 31, 2012, the municipality of Bendeleben merged with other municipalities of the Kyffhäuser community to form the municipality of Kyffhäuserland. Bendeleben was the seat of the Kyffhäuser administrative community and is also the seat of the new community.
Population development
Development of the population of the municipality of Bendeleben (December 31) :
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- Data source: Thuringian State Office for Statistics
Culture and sights
Buildings
- The privately owned Uckermannsche Schloss was built after 1760 on the site of an older moated castle and, because it is still almost completely preserved, it is of great cultural and historical importance for Thuringia. It is a two-story, plastered half-timbered building with a mansard hipped roof and roof tower. In the 19th century the observatory of the astronomer Freiherr Johann Jacob Uckermann (the "third") was located in the castle tower . All the furniture in the castle is said to have been made of English mahogany wood. Opposite the castle is the identical inspector's house, which is currently being restored.
- Rococo orangery from 1770 (restored from 1999 to 2010) with side greenhouses with sun-catching roofs and a French garden
- The preserved manor buildings from the 18th century
- The New Castle from 1860/61, built on oak piles, now serves as a senior citizens 'home for the workers' welfare and is not accessible. From 1945 to 1970 the castle had a "checkered history" (local chronicle). This also included the looting in 1945.
- The village church of St. Pankratius was rebuilt during the term of office of Pastor Johannes Clajus and has a splendid early baroque interior, which in its unity and quality testifies to the Protestant piety and the will to represent a Thuringian knightly family like hardly any other church in the region. Among the most important objects include an altarpiece altar of 1590, a decorated with reliefs and sculptures pulpit of 1611, one with motives of the Last Judgment painted Herrschaftsloge of 1674, an elaborately designed pulpit of 1673, one built around 1650 organ, the monumental, 1661 The epitaph of the Lords of Bendeleben and numerous other, partly richly decorated tombs and epitaphs from the middle of the 16th century. The hereditary burial of the Lords of Bendeleben is housed in an anteroom to the north of the church.
- The historic rectory with memorial plaques for Johann Clajus and Johann Günther Friedrich Cannabich who worked there
- The churchyard with the Baron Uckermann's hereditary burial and the memorial for those who fell in both world wars
- Numerous historical buildings in the village, such as the forester's house, the old post office, an inn and the old mill
Castle Park
Baron Johann Jacob von Uckermann and his wife Christiane laid out an English landscape park from 1765 . In the 21 hectare park there are valuable wood and trees, including a huge 300-year-old copper beech, seven fish ponds and a Roman bath. The park is surrounded by a historic sandstone wall.
Church of St. Pankratii in Bendeleben
Church tower in Bendeleben
Orangery Sun Catcher House 1999
Orangery with sun trap houses 2010
Uckermann Castle in Bendeleben
Uckermann Castle, in front of it a stable building
New castle in Bendeleben
Fish pond in the Bendeleben Castle Park
economy
The von Arnimsche Gut and the Landgut GmbH Bendeleben / Badra determine the economy in Bendeleben.
Tourism
The following hiking trails lead through Bendeleben : Geo-path Kyffhäuser, Cannabich-Weg, Windleite -Weg, the main hiking trail Eisenach - Wernigerode and the Barbarossaweg .
The above-mentioned buildings, the castle park, the Kleine Wipper (masterpiece of medieval hydraulic engineering) with aqueduct over the Siedenbach and the natural garden (west of the village) are worth seeing . Near the sailing pond are 6 sinkholes . In the area there is also an early historical ring wall (probably Germanic cult site) in the margrave wood, the field name " Schachtloch " (brown coal mining in the 19th century) and the hereditary burial of the von Krause family on the Gartenberg, which was blown up in 1975 .
Personalities who have worked on site
- Johannes Clajus (1535–1592), theologian, educator, 1578 author of a German grammar based on Martin Luther
- Johann Günther Friedrich Cannabich (1777–1859), teacher, pastor and geographer
- Johann Jacob von Uckermann (the "Second") (1718–1781), reformer of the postal system in Hesse, landlord on Weesenstein and from 1765 in Bendeleben. Built the "Uckermannsche Schloss", the model estate, orangery, pleasure garden and palace park
- Johann Jacob von Uckermann (the "third") (1763–1836), landlord on Weesenstein and Bendeleben, astronomer (observatory in the castle tower), benefactor of the community
- Wilhelm von Krause (1803–1873), Lord of Bendeleben from 1849/1852, the "New Castle" goes back to him, member of the state parliament of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Otto von Bendeleben-Uckermann (1804–1855), heir, feudal lord and court lord on Bendeleben and member of the state parliament of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Max Hansen (estate manager) (1865–1945), administrator of the Bendeleben manor, animal and plant breeder. Died in the Soviet Buchenwald internment camp.
- Wilhelm Baron von Krause (1874–1949), diplomat, last lord of the Bendeleben castle and estate until 1945
- Alexandra von Arnim (born von Oelsen) (1905–1999), graduate farmer, was involved in plant breeding in Bendeleben, lived in Grainau in Bavaria from 1945, leased and then in 1991 acquired the estate in (which belonged to her stepfather Wilhelm von Krause until 1945) Bendeleben and took care of the maintenance and renovation of the buildings
Individual evidence
- ↑ Breast, Michael and Manfred Kupetz: Die Kleine Wipper. In treatises of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Karstkunde Harz eV New Episode Issue 1, Nordhausen. 1994, p. 31
- ↑ Ronald Füssel: The witch persecutions in the Thuringian area , publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany, Volume 2, Hamburg 2003, p. 253.
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2012
- ↑ «Bendeleben» . In: Sparkassen-Kulturstiftung Hessen-Thüringen (Hrsg.): Cultural discoveries. Eichsfeld district, Kyffhäuserkreis, Nordhausen district, Unstrut-Hainich district . tape 1 (Thuringia). Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-7954-2249-3 , pp. 41-44, 191-192 .
literature
- Monument care association "Barockes Bendeleben" (ed.), Wilfried Neumerkel (text and photos): Barockdorf Bendeleben: history and stories , Artern: Möbius printing works, 2001
- Wilfried Neumerkel and Hartmut Boettcher : Gut Bendeleben am Kyffhäuser and its services for Thuringian plant and animal breeding , in: Geschichtsheft, Vol. 9, Jena, 2003, pp. 135–155
- Wilfried Neumerkel: 65 years of plant breeding in Bendeleben: 1926–1991 , in: Contributions to the Kyffhäuser landscape, (2002), pp. 53–68
- Kathrin Klar: On the restoration of the Rococo orangery in Bendeleben , in: Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation: From the work of the Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation , Erfurt, 2002, pp. 55-61
- Kathrin Klar: Baroque Bendeleben: a village center through the ages , in: Heimat Thüringen, Vol. 9 (2002), 2/3, pp. 36–38
- Martin Baumann: Bendeleben and Ebeleben: parks in the Kyffhäuserkreis , in: Heimat Thüringen, Vol. 9 (2002), 2/3, pp. 39–41
- Council of the community of Bendeleben, Heinz Koch (Ed.): Festschrift for the 1100 year celebration in Bendeleben , Bendeleben, 1970
- Heinrich Wedemann: Chronicle of Bendeleben , Sondershausen: Eupel, 1899
- Gerald Höfer, Petra Lange, Andreas Schaller: “Festschrift for the 400th anniversary of the death of M. Johannis Clajus the Elder. Ä. “, History and Antiquity Association for Sondershausen and the Surrounding Area e. V., Sondershausen / Bendeleben 1992
- Wilfried Neumerkel: On the history of the Barons von Uckermann - Bendeleben , Bad Langensalza: Rockstuhl, 2004
- Wilfried Neumerkel: Alexandra Countess von Arnim (1905 to 1999) and the history of the manor Bendeleben . Bendeleben 2005
Web links
- History of Bendeleben Castle
- Park Bendeleben ( Memento from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive )