Bestwina
| Bestwina | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Bielsko-Biała | ||
| Area : | 13.5 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 54 ' N , 19 ° 4' E | ||
| Residents : | 4618 (2012) | ||
| Postal code : | 43-512 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 33 | ||
| License plate : | SBI | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Gmina structure: | 4 school offices | ||
| Surface: | 37.92 km² | ||
| Residents: | 11,816 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 312 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2402022 | ||
| Administration (as of 2012) | |||
| Community leader : | Artur Beniowski | ||
| Address: | ul. Krakowska 111 43-512 Bestwina |
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| Website : | www.bestwina.pl | ||
Bestwina ( locally Biestwina , German Bestwin , Wilmesaurisch Bestwa ) is a village and seat of the municipality of the same name in the Powiat Bielski of the Silesian Voivodeship in Poland .
geography
Bestwina is located in the Auschwitz Basin ( Kotlina Oświęcimska ) on the Biała , about 40 km south of Katowice in the Powiat (district) Bielsko-Biała.
The village has an area of 1353.6 hectares .
Neighboring towns are Kaniów and Bestwinka in the north, Stara Wieś in the east, Janowice in the southeast, the city of Bielsko-Biała ( Komorowice ) in the south and the city of Czechowice-Dziedzice in the west.
history
The place was first mentioned in a document in 1273. The parish of Bestwina was mentioned in the Peterspfennig register of 1326 in the Auschwitz deanery of the Krakow diocese . The origin of the name is unclear: according to W. Lubaś the name is probably topographical, derived from the word bestwa (locally best = bez , German elder ), based on the pattern gęsty [thick, thick] - gęstwina [thicket].
Politically, the village originally belonged to the Duchy of Opole-Ratibor ( Kastellanei Auschwitz) during the period of Polish particularism . The duchy was divided in 1281 after the death of Wladislaus I of Opole . Since 1290 the village belonged to the Duchy of Teschen and since 1315 to the Duchy of Auschwitz . Since 1327 was the fiefdom of the Kingdom of Bohemia , bought in 1457 by the Polish king.
Kurt Lück described the village as a German , medieval settlement with other places on the German Bielitz-Bialaer language island , according to Zygmunt Bubak the village was increasingly inhabited by Poles, although there were a dozen known surnames of German origin in the 17th century. For example, there were more surnames of Wallachian origin from the second half of the 17th century .
The latest discovery of Gothic elements (such as the Apostles' candlesticks ) in the local brick church in 2016 postponed its construction much earlier than previously thought. H. not by Calvinists in 1575. Around 1585 the church belonged to the Protestants, probably thanks to Gothard von Logau , the owner of Bestwina, Altendorf , and the Silesian minority Skotschau - Schwarzwasser (there was an inscription on a glass window from this year: Gothardus Zeloga from Mlendorf i Skoczów et Strumień, fundator huius sacelli sepulturae ). By 1601 the church was again Catholic, although abandoned and neglected. The village belonged to the noble Myszkowski family, who at the time had a strong Helvetic supporter. The report of the episcopal visitation in 1644 still noted the presence of those of different faiths , but not in 1658.
During the first partition of Poland in 1772, Bestwina became part of the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire (from 1804).
In 1808 the village with Janowice, Kaniów Górny, Komorowice, Zabawa and Czaniec was sold by Jerzy Dobrzański to Duke Albert Casimir von Sachsen-Teschen (see also Teschener Kammer ). The Teschen Habsburgs built a palace in Bestwina between 1824 and 1826.
After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a municipality in the district and judicial district of Biała from 1850 . Meanwhile the ethnographic group of the Laughs took on a clear shape, also living in Bestwina.
In 1918, after the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Bestwina became part of Poland. This was only interrupted by the occupation of Poland by the Wehrmacht in World War II . It then belonged to the district of Bielitz in the administrative district of Katowice in the province of Silesia (since 1941 province of Upper Silesia ).
Between 1954 and 1972 Bestwina was the seat of the Gromada Bestwina .
From 1975 to 1998 Bestwina was part of the Katowice Voivodeship . From 1977 to 1982 the community belonged to the city of Czechowice-Dziedzice .
Catholic Church
Palace of the Teschen Habsburgs (1826)
local community
The rural community of Bestwina includes four localities with a Schulzenamt : Bestwina, Bestwinka , Janowice (Janowitz) and Kaniów (Kaniau) . The municipality belongs to the Beskydy Euroregion .
Location of the municipality in the Powiat Bielski
Villages of the municipality
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Personalities
- Zygmunt Bubak (1921-1986), Polish priest in Cracow and Nowa Góra, born in Bestwina, author of Bestwina's monograph (1991)
- Ryszard Kraus (1964-2013), Polish football player
- Józef Wróbel (* 1952), Polish clergyman
- Antoni Pająk (1893–1965), Polish politician and Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile (1955–1965)
literature
- Zygmunt Bubak: Bestwina. Z dziejów wsi z pogranicza śląsko-krakowskiego . Towarzystwo Miłośników Ziemi Bestwińskiej; Urząd Gminy w Bestwinie, 1991 (Polish).
Web links
- Bestwina i Bestwinka . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 1 : Aa-Dereneczna . Sulimierskiego and Walewskiego, Warsaw 1880, p. 161 (Polish, edu.pl ).
- Bestwina . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 15 , part 1: Abablewo – Januszowo . Walewskiego, Warsaw 1900, p. 116 (Polish, edu.pl ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Gmina Bestwina: Podstawowe informacje. In: bestwina.pl. 2013, accessed January 2, 2013 (Polish).
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 11
- ^ Idzi Panic (editor): Bielsko-Biała. Monografia miasta . 2nd Edition. I. Bielsko od zarania do wybuchu wojen śląskich. Dzieje miasta w czasach prehistorycznych iw średniowieczu. Wydział Kultury i Sztuki Urzędu Miejskiego w Bielsku-Białej, Bielsko-Biała 2011, ISBN 978-83-60136-31-7 , Zaplecze osadnicze Bielska, p. 217 (Polish).
- ↑ January Ptaśnik (editor): Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.1 Acta Apostolicae Camerae. Vol. 1, 1207-1344 . Sums. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis, Cracoviae 1913, pp. 147-150 ( online ).
- ↑ German settlement of Malopolska and Rotreussens in the 15th century . Edited u. drawn by Kurt Lück, 1934.
- ↑ Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 24.
- ↑ Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 25.
- ↑ Gotyckie zacheuszki odkryte w Bestwinie zmienią history ( pl ) dziennik zachodni . August 1, 2016.
- ↑ Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 74.
- ↑ Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 76.
- ↑ Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 75.
- ↑ Z. Bubak, 1991, p. 78.
- ↑ Ukazała się nowa książka o bestwińskim zamku
- ↑ Odkrywamy nasz region - Lachy to my! (We discover our region - We are laughing!) (Polish)
- ↑ Laski uOzgraj
- ↑ Ordinance No. 15/54 Wojewódzkiej Rady Narodowej w Stalinogrodzie z dnia 5 października 1954 r. w sprawie podziału na gromady powiatu bielskiego; w ramach Zarządzenia Prezydium Wojewódzkiej Rady Narodowej w Stalinogrodzie z dnia 15 listopada 1954 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia uchwał Wojewódzkiej Rady Narodowej w Stalinogrodzie z dnia 5 października 1954 r., dotyczących reformy podziału administracyjnego wsi (Dziennik, Urzędowy, Poznan, Poznan.
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF file; 783 kB)