Wilamowice

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Wilamowice
Wilamowice coat of arms
Wilamowice (Poland)
Wilamowice
Wilamowice
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Bielsko-Biała
Area : 10.41  km²
Geographic location : 49 ° 55 '  N , 19 ° 9'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 54 '59 "  N , 19 ° 9' 8"  E
Residents : 3100
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 43-330
Telephone code : (+48) 33
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 6 school offices
Surface: 56.72 km²
Residents: 17,613
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 311 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2402093
administration
Mayor : Marian Bronislaw Trela
Address: Rynek 1
43-330 Wilamowice
Website : www.wilamowice.pl



Houses on the market square

Wilamowice ( German Wilmesau , in the local Wilmesaurisch Wymysoü ) is a country town in the Silesian Voivodeship in southern Poland with around 2900 inhabitants.

Wilmesaurisch , which is now threatened with extinction , is still spoken by around 100 native speakers, the majority of them being older.

geography

The place is located in the Wilamowice foothills ( Podgórze Wilamowickie , the southeastern part of the Auschwitz basin ), about 7 km northeast of Kęty and 13 km northwest of Bielsko-Biała .

Neighboring towns are Jawiszowice in the north, Zasole Bielańskie in the northeast, Hecznarowice in the southeast, Pisarzowice in the south, Stara Wieś in the southwest, Dankowice in the northwest.

history

Place name and myth of origin

The place was first mentioned as the parish Novovillamowicz in the Peterspfennigregister of the year 1326 in the dean's office Auschwitz of the diocese of Krakow . The place name is to be seen as a demarcation to Antiquo-Willamowicz (today Stara Wieś ). The name Wilamowice is patronymically derived from the first name Wilam, with a typical West Slavic suffix - (ow) ice. In the 14th century the parish was mentioned as Novomilonovicz (1327), Novo Villamovicz , Novavillamovicz , Nova Willamovicz , Nova Wilamovicz , Wilamovicz novas (1346-1358). Later the mentions followed: villa nova seu Wilanowicz (1361), Wilemowicz (1377), Willamowice (1395), Wylamowycze (1454, 1470-1480), Wilamovicze (1457). Jan Długosz named the village Wylamowycze Andreae (1470 to 1480), probably after the owner at the time. In 1529 the village was mentioned as Vylamovycze , Vilamowice Nova and Wilhamowicze . The last form approximates the Krakow city book entry from 1455 as Matis Wilhelmowycz and the modern name Wilhelm . The form Wielamowice , used to this day in the local Polish dialect , first appeared in the 16th century. The form of the place name Wilanowice (with n) is etymologically similar to the Latin Villa Nova . In a book about the history of the place published in 1909, the place name was given as originally Wilhelmsau , but this is not confirmed in the sources. In the 18th century, the name Wilmesau caught on. This book also contained other unsubstantiated claims about the origin of the place and the origin of the settlers.

The existence of two parishes indicates the earlier establishment of the neighboring village of Stara Wieś (Altdorf, Antiquo-Willamowicz). The name of the village suggests that it is older than Wilamowice (Novovillamowicz). It used to be suggested that it was founded decades before the Bielitzer Sprachinsel was founded. Some years after the first Mongolian invasion (1241) gave Mieszko II. Oppeln-Ratibor († 1246) in the area around Auschwitz the Lubiąż Abbey 500 hooves (about 121 square kilometers). The sources are silent about the exact location of the fief and its use, but it has often been assumed that this was the beginning of [Auntiquo] Wilamowice. The archaeological finds from the 13th century do not confirm any major settlement in this area. The small Slavic ramparts in Dankowice and Bestwina, on the other hand, are more associated with the significantly larger Slavic-Polish settlement on the Soła , along the via antiqua , where the place Canthi was mentioned as early as 1242. In the next phase of settlement in this area, the settlement form of the forest hoof village was used and Stara Wieś does not differ from the other places founded at that time, which contradicts the hypothesis that Altdorf was founded much earlier. Unusually, however, the younger Wilamowice (Villa Nova) was not founded along waterways, but along the path from Stara Wieś.

Medieval sources reveal little about the origin of the settlers. The most commonly used typical West Slavic suffix -owice in this case is most likely a false belief. Perhaps these came in the same train as the settlers from Bojków (German: Schönwald) near Gliwice , which was re-established in 1269 under Franconian law. Shortly after settling in (Antiquo) Wilamowicz (Stara Wieś / Altdorf) some of the settlers moved to the hills to found the new village ( Villa Nova , Novo Wilamowicz ). Due to endogamy and the geographical isolation of the village in the Polish language area from the German language island around Bielitz-Biala , an independent language or dialect (see: Wilmesaurisch ) developed in Wilmesau , which was used in everyday life until the Second World War. At the same time, the myth of a Dutch-Anglo-Saxon origin developed, often in opposition to the view of German origin (as widespread in Bielitz). In the 15th century, the residents were quite wealthy, so local residents, e.g. B. the craftsman Petir Kawder cultelifaber de Wilmsdorff prope Libenwerde (1444), Matis (1455), Hanus Kaudir (1444) and other very large amounts to become citizens of Krakow. The ampoule found in the village also dates from the 15th century and was made from tin , which was very expensive at the time .

The founding of Wilamowice, which is further away from waterways, was interpreted in older literature as confirmation of an earlier settlement and different origins of the settlers, mainly from Flanders , Friesland and Holland , i.e. from countries that were devastated by flooding in the middle of the 13th century were. The Germanic name of the alleged founder Wil (l) am, although traditionally understood as the older form of the name Wilhelm, was also popularly interpreted as the Scottish William . The local surname Fox was also suspected of being of Scottish origin. The poem by Jakob Bukowski, published in 1860, can be seen as an example of the conviction of English origin:

A Welmeßajer ai Berlin
De Fremdda Loit, se hon an wing verstanda,
Ma wick was from England.
Dos ei kaj Wuinder; because de Welmeßajer,
The stemma jou vo derta har ...
A Wilmesauer in Berlin (translation)
The strangers did not understand him
It was thought he was from England
Yes, that's no wonder; because the Wilmesauer,
That's where they come from

Political history

Politically, the place belonged since 1315 to the Duchy of Auschwitz , which existed in the time of Polish particularism , since 1327 under the feudal rule of the Kingdom of Bohemia (see countries of the Bohemian Crown ). In 1457 the Duchy of Poland was bought and the village was mentioned as Wilamowicze . Subsequently, the Duchy of Auschwitz was completely attached to the Kingdom of Poland in 1564, as the Silesia district of the Krakow Voivodeship , the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic (from 1569) . By 1600 Wilamowice had over 200 inhabitants. During the Reformation , the local church was taken over by Calvinists. Wilamowice probably lost its geographical connection with the Bielsko-Biala language island. Polish was the only language in the church after the Counter-Reformation and was used in communication with Slavic neighbors. Economically, Wilamowice was more connected to the Polish- speaking Kęty .

During the first partition of Poland , Wilamowice became part of the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 (from 1804). In 1808 the residents bought all of the arable land, which ended the forced labor in the village. During this time, the weaving mill developed in competition with Andrychów . In 1818 the place received city rights. From 1820 to 1850 it became part of the German Confederation and the German language became the only official language. From 1850 it was part of the Biała District and Judicial District .

In 1918, after the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Wilamowice became part of Poland. This was only interrupted by the occupation of Poland by the Wehrmacht in World War II . It then belonged to the district of Bielitz in the administrative district of Katowice in the province of Silesia (since 1941 province of Upper Silesia ). In the interwar period, the mood in Wilamowice was very different from that in Bielitz and Biala. The inhabitants often emphasized their independence, seeing themselves primarily as Wilmesauers ( Wilamowianie in Polish ), but often also as Poles, less often than Germans (only 1.4% in 1921). However, around 80% of the population signed the German People's List , usually the second and third list, voluntarily or forcibly during World War II . In 1945, 1784 inhabitants (over 70%) were initially classified as ethnic Germans and 487 as Poles.

While almost all Germans in the area were expelled after the end of World War II, the ancestral population of Wilmesau was able to stay. The local dialect was banned and the population was partially Polonized . Even when the language ban was lifted in 1956, attempts were made to oust the Wilmesaur dialect from public life.

Today the Wilmesaur dialect is spoken by around 70 residents.

sons and daughters of the town

local community

In addition to the main town of the same name, the urban and rural community of Wilamowice is divided into the following districts:

  • The community in the Powiat Bielski

Web links

Commons : Wilamowice  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ January Ptaśnik (editor): Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.1 Acta Apostolicae Camerae. Vol. 1, 1207-1344 . Sums. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis, Cracoviae 1913, pp. 147-150 ( online ).
  3. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 95.
  4. ↑ a b Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 76.
  5. ^ Rajman Jerzy: Mieszko II Otyły książę opolsko-raciborski (1239-1246) . In: Kwartalnik Historyczny . tape 100 , no. 3 . Warsaw 1993, p. 22 (Polish, org.pl [accessed March 9, 2020]).
  6. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, pp. 74-75.
  7. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 76.
  8. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 90.
  9. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 88.
  10. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 380.
  11. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 95.
  12. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 86.
  13. ↑ Julian Zinkow: Oswiecim i okolice. Przewodnik monograficzny . Wydawnictwo "PLATAN", Oświęcim 1994, ISBN 83-7094-002-1 , p. 188 (Polish).
  14. ^ Krzysztof Rafał Prokop: Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438-1513. Dzieje polityczne . PAU , Kraków 2002, ISBN 83-8885731-2 , p. 151 (Polish).
  15. ^ Henryk Rutkowski (editor), Krzysztof Chłapkowski: Województwo krakowskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku; Cz. 2, Komentarz, indeksy . Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 2008, p. 71-75 (Polish, online ).
  16. ↑ Główny Urząd Statystyczny: Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Województwo krakowskie i Śląsk Cieszyński . Warszawa 1925 (Polish, online ).
  17. ↑ Wilamowice ..., 2001, p. 196.
  18. ↑ See Tomasz Wicherkiewicz. The making of a language: the case of the idiom of Wilamowice, southern Poland. 2003

literature

  • Antoni Barciak (editor) and others: Wilamowice. Przyroda, historia, język, kultura oraz społeczeństwo miasta i gminy . Urząd Gminy w Wilamowicach, Wilamowice 2001, ISBN 83-915888-0-7 (Polish).