Beverley
| Beverley | |||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 51 ′ N , 0 ° 26 ′ W | ||
| OS National Grid | TA035399 | ||
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| Residents | 29,110 (as of: 2001) | ||
| administration | |||
| Post town | BEVERLEY | ||
| ZIP code section | HU17 | ||
| prefix | 01482 | ||
| Part of the country | England | ||
| region | Yorkshire and the Humber | ||
| Shire county | East Riding of Yorkshire | ||
| District | East Riding of Yorkshire | ||
| British Parliament | Beverley and Holderness | ||
| Website: www.beverley.gov.uk | |||
Beverley is a middle town in the Unitary District East Riding of Yorkshire , whose administrative seat it is at the same time. It has 29,110 inhabitants.
geography
The city is 8 miles north of Kingston upon Hull , 10 miles east of Market Weighton and 12 miles west of Hornsea . The nearest airport is Humberside Airport , which is located 30 km south in Lincolnshire .
history
Northumbria
The origins of the city go back to the 7th century, the time of the Anglo-Saxon rule in Northumbria . The first known building was a church dedicated to the Evangelist John called Inderawuda , which translated means something like " lying in a wooded area in Deira ". It was founded by the Bishop of York , who later became known as John of Beverley († 721). He was associated with miracles and was later canonized. Around 850 the monastery was dissolved by the invasion of the Great Pagan Army of the Normans , and the place became part of the new kingdom of Jórvík . However, the worship of John of Beverley ensured that the area's population continued to grow well into the 10th century.
Before the Battle of Brunanburh , which was fought north of Beverley, the English King Æthelstan prayed every night in Beverley Church. He had a vision of victory if he helped the city grow and prosper. The name of the city changed in the 10th century to Bevreli or Beverlac (from beaver-lake = " beaver lake "), which indicates a beaver population in Hull . The last three Archbishops of York supported Beverley's development, especially the construction of the minster . The city became one of the most important Christian centers in England , along with York , Ripon and Southwell . Ealdred was appointed by Eduard the Confessor as "sole ruler of the Beverley estate". Beverley developed into a trading center and mainly produced textiles, leather and antler products.
Norman time
After the Norman conquest of England , many pilgrims flocked to Beverley when they heard of the miracles of the city's founder, John. Many people in the north of England rejected Norman rule and supported the rebuilding of the Kingdom of Jórvík. The Normans suppressed the population and devastated the cities of Yorkshire ( The Harrying of the North ). Beverley was spared from them because of the sanctity of the place. In the 12th century the population of the place grew rapidly, and so it was given the status of borough by Thurstan in 1122 . Trade flourished; in particular, wool was exported for the textile processing cities in the Netherlands.
In 1188 a great fire destroyed parts of the city and also damaged the cathedral. In the 13th century, the monks of the Dominican order of Heinrich III. handed over at Beverley Land. Thereupon a dispute broke out between the locals and the archbishop over land rights. After the locals requested a royal investigation, the Archbishop approved grazing land in Westwood and elsewhere.
In the 14th century England suffered numerous famines due to poor harvests due to bad weather conditions. The Black Death , the Hundred Years War and the Peasants' Revolt killed large parts of the population. Beverley, however, grew to become the tenth largest city in England by 1377.
reformation
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If Beverley was previously an important place of pilgrimage, its importance declined significantly with the emerging Reformation . Local John Fisher and Thomas More were executed in 1535 for not accepting Henry VIII as head of the Church of England . About 500 rebels gathered in Westwood near Beverley, who joined the 30,000-strong Pilgrimage of Grace in York to oppose Henry's new religious laws. The king reacted with the secession from Rome and the dissolution of the English monasteries . The Dominican monastery in Beverley was also dissolved and its estates expropriated.
As a result of sectarian tensions in the north of England, government duties were transferred to the Council of the North , an extended arm of the House of Tudor . John Leland , the librarian of Henry VIII, visited Beverley and estimated the population of the town at 5,000. Beverley Minster was almost demolished by its new owners because they wanted to sell the stone material of the church building for a profit. However, this was prevented by the local population under the leadership of the rich merchant Richard Gray. During the reign of Elizabeth I , Beverley was first appointed mayor, Edward Ellerker. During the Tudor dynasty, the gap between rich and poor became more and more pronounced, mainly due to the sharp decline in pilgrimage and thus a weakening of the economy.
Civil war
At the beginning of the 17th century, the plague wiped out large parts of the population. The Beverley and Hull area came into focus when the residents of Hull refused to open their gates to King Charles I just months before the English Civil War began . The king turned away from Hull and then spent three weeks in a house in Beverley. Beverley was traditionally loyal to the king, but the city was put under pressure by parliamentarians from Hull, so that the king had to flee. However, the royal army, led by General William Cavendish , defeated the New Model Army of Commander in Chief Thomas Fairfax and gained control of Beverley and besieged the city of Hull. Ultimately, however, the parliamentarians were able to win the civil war and installed the Commonwealth of England ; from now on, pubs had to close on Sundays, theater and racing events were suspended. The Puritans went to the houses of prayer and destroyed everything that was felt to be idolatrous.
The minster managed to escape this fate, which was mainly attributed to the prominence of the house of Percy and the fact that the church housed historical memorials of their ancestors. The Quakers were not so lucky, however, and were tremendously oppressed by the Puritans. Charles II's accession to the throne in 1660, which accompanied the restoration of Stuart , was generally approved by the residents of Beverley, and his royal coat of arms was displayed in the cathedral, where it hangs to this day. From an economic point of view, Beverley was dominated by agriculture in the 17th century. During the Georgian era , Beverley became the capital of the historic East Riding of Yorkshire county and the primary minority of the region in the 18th century. Thus Beverley won the competition for this title against Pocklington , Howden and Market Weighton . The reign of the Georg kings was also the time of extensive renovation work on the cityscape; many old half-timbered houses were replaced by new buildings in the style of Georgian architecture .
Beverley from 1800
Beverley's population continued to grow, so it was decided to demolish the city walls to create more living space. The city's population increase was rather moderate compared to that of most of England and nearby Hull. Beverley remained a stronghold of faith in the 19th century; also non-conformist beliefs like that of John Wesley preached Methodism have established themselves in the city. The Catholic Emancipation began from 1800 to unfold, and the Diocese of Beverley was established in the area of Yorkshire in 1850 which aufteilte later in two dioceses.
With the opening of Beverley station in October 1846, traffic conditions were much better. Even after the industrial revolution , most of Beverley's residents worked in agriculture and few industrial workers were seen. During the Second World War , Beverley was spared worse air raids, unlike neighboring Hull. After the war, the cityscape was intensively redesigned and the city itself expanded. Every year Beverley with its main attractions, the minster and the racetrack, is visited by thousands of tourists.
Religions
79.9% of the Beverley population described themselves as Christian in 2001, which was 8% above the English average. The Beverley Minster has a grave where presumably the remains of St. John of Beverley are kept. Another well-known saint in the city is John Fisher .
There are three Church of England parishes in Beverley . Its three places of worship are Beverley Minster and the churches of St Mary and St Nicholas . Beverley is a suffragan and part of the Diocese of York. Anglo-Catholicism is predominantly practiced in the city , which is represented by the Archbishop of York . The Middlesbrough Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church also operates a parish with the Church of St. John . After the completion of the Catholic emancipation , the Diocese of Beverley was expanded to include all of Yorkshire, but was later divided into two smaller dioceses. The Beverley Methodist Church has three houses of worship in the city.
Missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints arrived in Beverley in 1850 and were quick to plant their own ward. In 1963 a new chapel was built and, together with the associated parking lot, was expanded in the late 1990s due to the growing parish.
politics
In the Middle Ages , Beverley was ruled by aldermen , called the Twelve Guardians, who oversaw the administration and the maintenance of law and order in the city. A community reform passed in 1835 formed the administration until 1974. Now the borough was expanded to include the Rural District Beverley and the former Urban District Haltemprice within the new county of Humberside in accordance with the Local Government Act 1972 . Beverley has been part or the capital of East Riding of Yorkshire since 1996 , as it was the case until 1974.
The city was represented in the Houses of Parliament by the MPs of Yorkshire until 1563 , but afterwards an independent parliamentary borough was formed. So Beverley was able to send two of its own members to parliament. Apart from slaves, the entire population had the right to vote. The elections became increasingly notorious for corruption and so the constituency of Beverley became part of that of the East Riding of Yorkshire. In the British general election in 1950 , a Beverley constituency was again formed, which stretched over half of the East Riding; the other half belonged to the Bridlington constituency . In 1955 Beverley became part of the Haltemprice constituency, but got its own constituency again in 1983. Since 1997 Beverley belongs to the constituency Beverley and Holderness , a stronghold of the Conservative Party .
Town twinning
Beverley has twinned cities with
Culture and sights
The large weekly market that takes place every Saturday is evidence of Beverley's position as a market town . Another market takes place on Wednesdays. Several music events take place in Beverley every year, including the Early Music Festival in May, the Folk Festival in June and the Jazz Festival in August, followed by the Chamber Music Festival in September.
The literary event Kite Festival and the biennial festival of puppets also take place here.
From a sporting point of view, horse racing plays the most important role in Beverley. On the Beverley Racecourse will be held at least since 1690 horse race, and the first main stand of the plant was built 1767th The city's football club is Beverley Town, which plays in the 13-class Humber Premier League . Beverley hosted the 2006 British Cycling Championship.
Beverley has a selection of pubs, some of which have already become tourist attractions. The oldest pub in town, the Sun Inn , dates back to 1530. There are over 40 pubs in Beverley, most of which have been in existence for over a century. Beverley is also home to one of the world's last pubs to use authentic gas lighting .
Since 2006, there has also been a food festival every October , at which 70 showmen offer local food for sale and present cooking demonstrations. Over 10,000 visitors are expected to the festival each year.
The Beverley Minster 's are one of the most famous churches in England that no cathedral.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The city is on the Yorkshire Coast Line , a railway line that stretches north from Kingston upon Hull to Scarborough . Northern Rail trains currently operate on it . The York – Beverley railway was closed in 1965, but there are considerations to reopen the line. The Beverley Station in 1846 by architect George Townsend Andrews built and by the York and North Midland Railway opened. 19 years later the North Eastern Railway opened the said route from here via Market Weighton to York .
The A1079 connects Hull with York and passes Beverley on a bypass southwest of the city. The five-mile bypass opened in 1980 and cost £ 13 million. East Yorkshire Motor Services has good bus links to Hull city center and surrounding areas such as Hessle , Pocklington , Driffield , Market Weighton , Bridlington , York and Scarborough . The Beverley Beck is a canal that branches off from the Hull and allows small ships to connect to the city. The Cook, Welton & Gemmell shipyard has long built trawlers in Beverley. At the time of the Hanseatic League, the canal played an important role in industry and trade. Today it only serves the fishing industry. Beverley is now home to many preserved and protected barges.
education
The Beverley Grammar School is the oldest state school in England. It was founded in 700 by Saint John of Beverley . The school has produced some well-known personalities, such as the chemist Smithson Tennant , Thomas Percy, a co-conspirator of the Gunpowder Plot, and former national soccer goalkeeper Paul Robinson . The school is attended by around 800 students today.
Another school is Beverley High School , a comprehensive school for girls with a capacity of 850 students, whose GCSE scores are well above the national average. The Longcroft School and Performing Arts College is an art school with over 1,500 students. She is highly valued for her performing arts and athletic achievements. A large number of Beverley's students subsequently attend the University of Hull or other educational institutions further away.
Personalities
- John von Beverley († 721), Archbishop of York and saint
- John Fisher (1469–1535), bishop, cardinal, saint and martyr
- Julia Pardoe (1804–1862), traveler and writer
- Colin Gregory (1903-1959), tennis player
- Ken Annakin (1914–2009), film director and screenwriter
- Helen Dunmore (1952-2017), writer
- Guy Smith (* 1974), racing driver and winner of the 2003 Le Mans 24 Hours
- Anna Maxwell Martin (born 1977), actress
- Paul Robinson (* 1979), football player
- Katie O'Brien (born 1986), tennis player
- Will Atkinson (born 1988), football player
- Elizabeth Armitstead (* 1988), cyclist
- Danny Worsnop (* 1990), rock musician
- Elizabeth Simmonds (born 1991), swimmer
- Jemma McKenzie-Brown (* 1994), actress
- Daniel James (born 1997), football player
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2001 Census: Key Statistics: Parish Headcounts: Area: Beverley CP (Parish) . In: Neighborhood Statistics . Office for National Statistics . Retrieved May 14, 2008.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Pamela Hopkins: The History of Beverley, East Yorkshire . Blackthorn Press ,, ISBN 0954053591 .
- ↑ Saint John Fisher, Bishop & Martyr , wf-f.org. October 24, 2007. Archived from the original on May 10, 2008 Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Pilgrimage of Grace, Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. October 24, 2007.
- ↑ The Mayor of Beverley, Beverley Town Council. October 24, 2007.
- ↑ Seeds of the English Civil War, BBC . November 25, 2007.
- ↑ The Sieges of Hull during the Great Civil War, Jstor.org. October 24, 2007.
- ^ Beverley and Holderness . UKPolingReport.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ^ Churches . BeverleyInPictures.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ↑ Jennifer Kermode: Medieval Merchants: York, Beverley, and Hull in the Later Middle Ages . Cambridge University Press ,, ISBN 0521522749 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Modern Beverley - Political and Social History . British-History.ac.uk. September 3, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ↑ Market Days(PDF), DiscoverYorkshireCoast.com. October 24, 2007. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006 Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved January 24, 2010.
- ↑ Beverley Racecourse, GreyhoundDerby.com. October 24, 2007.
- ↑ a b About . BevPub.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ^ The Sun Inn . BevPub.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ↑ The White Horse (Nellies) . BevPub.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ^ Graham Stuart MP - working hard for Beverley and Holderness . GrahamStuart.org.uk. September 3, 2007. Accessed on October 24, 2007. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Beverley . CarlBerry.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ↑ Six of the Best - Beverley's Best Bits! . Beverley.gov.uk. September 3, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
- ↑ a b c School History . Beverley Grammar School. September 3, 2007. Accessed on October 24, 2007. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Beverley High School . BBC.co.uk. September 3, 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2007.
Web links
- The City website (English)