Bhubaneswar
| Bhubaneswar ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର |
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 India
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| State : | Odisha | ||
| District : | Khordha | ||
| Location : | 20 ° 16 ′ N , 85 ° 50 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 45 m | ||
| Area : | 135 km² | ||
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Inhabitants : - Agglomeration : |
843,402 (2011) 885,383 (2011) |
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| Population density : | 6247 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Website : | Bhubaneswar | ||
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Bhubaneswar ( Oriya ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର Bhubanēśẇara ) is the capital of the east Indian state of Odisha with a population of around 850,000 . With around 35 old and hundreds of new Hindu temples , Bhubaneswar is known as the “city of temples”. The city is also the seat of a Catholic archdiocese .
location
Bhubaneswar lies at an altitude of about 30 to 50 m above sea level. d. M. on the west bank of the Mahanadi River about 70 km (driving distance) north of the coastal city of Puri and the world-famous sun temple of Konark . The old fortress town of Sisupalgarh is only about 10 km southeast, the Chausath Yogini Temple of Hirapur is about 6 km southeast on the road to Puri.
population
According to the 2011 census, around 95% of the population, which is still increasing due to immigration from rural regions, consists of Hindus and only a good 3% of Muslims ; the rest are made up of other religious minorities such as Buddhists , Jains , Sikhs and Christians , whose share is less than 1% each. One speaks the regional language Oriya and the national language Hindi . As is common in India, the male population is around 10% higher than the female. Most of the people are illiterate.
| year | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Residents | 16,512 | 38.211 | 105.491 | 227,525 | 411,452 | 648.032 | 843.402 |
Economy, universities etc.
In the years after 1990 in particular, the city experienced a surge in modernization and many small and medium-sized companies settled here. Bhubaneswar has the Bhubaneswar Airport ( Biju Patnaik Airport , IATA code : BBI, ICAO code : VEBS), a central station on the Haora or Calcutta - Chennai route with connections to Mumbai , Ahmedabad , Delhi and Hyderabad , three universities (including the Utkal University , Odisha's oldest university founded in 1943) and other educational institutions of regional and, in the case of the Xavier Institute of Management (XIMB), also of supraregional importance. Tourism and the entire service sector now play an important role in the city's economic life. In 2014 the World Bank rated Bhubaneswar as the best business location in India.
history
Historical names of the city were Toshali, Kalinga Nagari, Nagar Kalinga, Chakra Kshetra, Ekamra Kanan, Ekamra Kshetra and the like. a .; The current name is derived from Tribubaneswar which means something like "Lord of the Three Worlds", an honorary name of Shiva . The area belonged to the Kalinga Empire, which was founded by Emperor Ashoka around 260 BC. Was subjected to; The Kalinga Edict of Dhauli dates from this time . The Buddhist cave monasteries of Udayagiri and Khandagiri emerged around the same time . From the 8th to 14th centuries, the successors of the Kalinga kings, the Eastern Ganga dynasty , again ruled large parts of the country and built the exceptionally imposing and artfully designed temples of the city and its surroundings. After that, the city sank again into insignificance. This situation gradually changed after India gained independence in 1947; Already at that time, the German-born architect Otto Königsberger was drafting the extensive plans for the construction of the new town located in the north and north-west of the old city center, which, however, were only partially implemented by his successors.
Attractions
Bhubaneswar has around 35 temples that are extremely significant for the history of Hindu temple architecture in East India, most of which are dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva : The Parasuramesvara temple was built in the 7th century, the Vaital Deul temple in the 7th or 8th century, the Mukteswar temple around 970 and the Brahmeswara temple around 1060. The Lingaraja temple , which towers above everything and in its importance hardly follows the Jagannath temple of Puri or the sun temple of Konark, belongs to the time around 1100. All the temples mentioned are common steep tower structure ( rekha-deul ) above the cella ( garbhagriha ) and the architectural division into a sanctuary area with the cult image (mostly a Shiva- Lingam ) and a meeting hall ( jagamohana ) in front of it ; only the Vaital Deul temple has a broad and rather South Indian-looking roof structure. The Akhadachandi Temple is dedicated to the deity Durga.
The Odisha State Museum is one of the most important regional museums in India. Since 2018 there is a museum with the Odisha Crafts Museum, which is dedicated to local handicrafts.
In the south and southeast of the city are the ruins of Sisupalgarh and the Dhauli Hills with the rock edict of Emperor Ashokas and the modern Shanti stupa ; The nearby Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves are also popular. The Chausath Yogini Temple of Hirapur is located on the east bank of the Mahanadi River.
Climate table
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Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Bhubaneswar
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Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Mira Nair (* 1957), film director
- Budhia Singh (* 2002), youngest marathon runner in the world
People connected to the city
- JBS Haldane (1892–1964), geneticist, died in Bhubaneswar
- Nandini Satpathy (1931–2006), politician and author, died in Bhubaneswar
literature
- Debala Mitra: Bhubaneswar. Archaeological Survey of India , New Delhi 1984
- Robert Strasser: Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal. Indoculture, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-921948-10-X , p. 61ff
- Vandana Baweja: A Pre-history of Green Architecture: Otto Koenigsberger and Tropical Architecture, from Princely Mysore to Post-colonial London. Ann Arbore, MI 20008, (A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Architecture) in The University of Michigan Ann Arbore, MI 2008, 234 pages full text online PDF, free of charge, 264 pages, 16, 9 MB).
Web links
- City map of Bhubaneswar
- Tourist site of Bhubaneswar (English)
- Official website of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (English)
- Temple in Bhubaneswar - Video (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bhubaneswar - Census 2011
- ^ Bhubaneswar, City + Out Growths - Census 2011
- ↑ Bhubaneswar - Map with altitude information
- ↑ Bhubaneswar - Census 2011
- ↑ Sweta Mishra: Experience the essence of Odisha at Kala Bhoomi | OdishaSunTimes.com. Retrieved November 17, 2018 (American English).
