Birkholz (Rietz-Neuendorf)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Birch wood
Community Rietz-Neuendorf
Coordinates: 52 ° 11 ′ 27 "  N , 14 ° 11 ′ 42"  E
Height : 68 m
Area : 4.9 km²
Residents : 228
Population density : 47 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 15848
Area code : 03366
Birkholz (Brandenburg)
Birch wood

Location of Birkholz in Brandenburg

Birkholz ( Lower Sorbian Bŕazowc ) is part of the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf in the Oder-Spree district (Brandenburg). Birkholz was an independent municipality until it was incorporated into Rietz-Neuendorf.

geography

Birkholz is located about 4 kilometers northwest of Beeskow and about 19 km southeast of Storkow (Mark) on the Beeskower Platte . The district of Birkholz borders in the north on the district of Groß Rietz , in the east on the city of Beeskow, in the south on Bornow and in the west on Buckow . The place can be reached via the K6722 from Bornow or Groß Rietz.

The highest point of the district is in the outermost north-western tip with a little over 80 m. The lowest point is in the extreme southeast corner of the district.

history

Birkholz was first mentioned in a document in 1390, but only indirectly as a name of origin. In 1397 the place itself becomes documented. The name is self-explanatory and describes a place in a birch forest. According to its original village structure, Birkholz was a small rural village.

Birkholz on the Urmes table sheet 3851 Beeskow from 1846

Ownership history

In 1457 Birkholz belonged to the von Göllnitz (Gelinz) family, who at least - for 1497, were based in Podelzig . In the same year the von Göllnitz zu Birkholz brothers received the consensus of their liege lord Wenzel von Bieberstein to pledge 10 shock annual interest from the village of Birkholz for 100 shock groschen to Peter Spandau, a citizen in Beeskow. In 1458, Wenzel von Bieberstein enfeoffed the wife of Heinrich von Göllnitz, who lived in Birkholz, with a treasure trove of Birkholz. In 1497 Hans von Göllnitz sold the village of Birkholz to Bartholomäus (Barthus) Kracht on Groß Rietz. In 1553 the sons of Bartholomäus, Barttins and Philipp von Kracht received the feudal letter for Groß Rietz, Birkholz and Drahendorf. Around 1580 Abraham von Kracht owned the Groß Rietz estate. In 1615, Elector Johann Sigismund Margrave of Brandenburg enfeoffed von Kracht with Groß Rietz and Klein Rietz, Birkholz and Drahendorf. The daughter of a Baltzer von Kracht von Groß Rietz, Ursula von Kracht married Johann Joachim von Gustedt auf Derssen in 1637 and received a marriage allowance of 4,000 thalers. In 1642 Hans von Kracht set a marriage allowance of 1300 thalers for his wife Catharina von Barfuß adH Prädikow. In 1644 Georg Abraham von Kracht, son of Hans von Kracht, owned Klein Rietz. According to the historical local lexicon, a von Rossow family is said to have lived on Klein Rietz as early as 1655, "then Spiegel". On January 7, 1656, Christian Franz von Rossow set a marriage allowance of 1500 Taler on Klein Rietz and Birkholz for his wife Gottliebe von Bredow, daughter of Hans Segeband von Bredow auf Hage . However, neither a von Rossow nor a Spiegel family appear in the ownership sequence on the schlossarchiv.de website. In 1686 Johann Friedrich von Weißenfels bought Klein Rietz and Birkholz. In 1690 Birkholz and Klein Rietz finally came to Hans Georg von der Marwitz on Groß Rietz. He was the son of Georg von der Marwitz (* around 1606, † 1679), Oberster zu Roß , commander and captain of the fortress Driesen (today Drezdenko ). Hans Georg had the castle built in Groß Rietz from 1693 to 1700. Hans Georg von der Marwitz was commander of the Johanniterkommende Wietersheim , electoral Brandenburg council and chamberlain, princely-Anhalt secret council, court marshal and chamber president zu Zerbst, and heir to Friedersdorf , Kienitz , Groß Rietz, Klein Rietz, Birkholz and Raßmannsdorf . His first marriage was to Marie Elisabeth von Götzke, daughter of Joachim Ernst von Görzke and Lucie von Schlieben from the Friedersdorf family. She died on November 6, 1673 giving birth to her eighth child. On October 7, 1687 he married Sibilla Elisabeth von Osterhausen (* August 17, 1663 - January 30, 1740), daughter of Hans Georg von Osterhausen and Elisabeth von Luckowien on Böhlen and Poderschau . Hans Georg von der Marwitz died on July 4, 1704 in Zerbst. His alabaster wall epitaph is in the church of Groß Rietz. The first marriage resulted in three sons, all of whom died before their father, and three daughters. The second marriage had four sons and three daughters. Heir from Birkholz (and Groß Rietz, Klein Rietz , Drahendorf and Raßmannsdorf) was the son Hans Georg the Elder. Jü. (1700-1768). He was married to Eva Catharina von Wulfen, daughter of Casper Christoph von Wulfen and Louise Lucretie von Wulffen on Tempelberg, Gölsdorf and Kersdorf. Heir was the son Carl Wilhelm von der Marwitz (1737-1811), who in 1788 sold his father's goods to the Minister of State Johann Christoph von Wöllner , who held them until his death on September 10, 1800. In 1801 the Groß Rietz estate came to Peter Alexander von Itzenplitz ; he was born with Henriette Charlotte married by Borcke . Their daughter Charlotte Amalia Countess von Itzenplitz (born December 3, 1795 in Kunersdorf) married Adam Ludwig von Dziembowsky on November 7, 1813. In 1828 he took over the Groß Rietz estate to which Birkholz also belonged. He died on May 24, 1842, Charlotte Amalie b. von Itzenplitz died in 1845. In 1846 the daughter Friederike Henriette Marianne Auguste von Dziembowska (1832–1861) became the heiress. After her death, Groß Rietz (probably already without Birkholz) went to her cousin Marie Charlotte Louise von der Marwitz, b. from Itzenplitz. According to the historical local dictionary, Birkholz is said to have belonged to a certain Heinrich from 1861 to 1874. In 1874 Heinrich was head of the district 8 Groß Rietz. In 1877 the address book of all countries names a woman Heinrich b. Wisselink as the owner. The address book also mentions a starch factory that was operated in Birkholz. From 1882 to 1945 it was owned by the Schrader family. From 1885 to 1921 the estate was verifiably owned by Mat (t) hias Schrader. Hermann Schrader has been the owner of the estate since 1923.

Village history

In connection with the disputes over the rule of Beeskow between the Pomeranian dukes and the Biebersteiners, Birkholz was burned down on September 28, 1428 by the Pomeranian Duke Casimir V. In 1576, eleven peasants, three cottagers and two cottagers lived in the village. In 1600 there were 29.5 hooves. In 1652 Schulze had four hooves under management, a feudal farm with four hooves was undeveloped, two four-hoof farms were occupied, but a three-and-a-half hoof farm was placed next to the parish and was managed by the kossetes. Two Freihufenhöfe were also still desolate, two Zweihufenhöfe were built on. One of the three farms was not occupied, two farms each had a hoof from the desolate farms. A Vorwerk was formed from two desolate Hüfner estates. A blacksmith lived in the community forge. In 1692 the feudal farm was still desolate. The Schulzenhof was also not occupied. Of four two-hoofed farms, too, two were desolate, as were two single-hoofed farms and one half-hoofed farm. In addition to the peasants, three cottagers, a blacksmith and a shepherd lived in the village. The village only had poor meadows and therefore poor maintenance . Each farmer was allowed to keep up to 25 sheep. There was also no firewood in the district. The soil in the fields was of poor quality. On average, the third grain could be harvested. In 1727 the number of hooves is given as 32.5 hooves. In 1745 the Vorwerk is called again. Five farmers and five cottagers lived in the village. In 1740 the rulers took possession of the Schulzengut. In 1775 there were 12 campfire sites in the village (houses or households), in which five farmers, three cottagers and three Büdner with families, a total of 72 people, lived. In 1801 the number of fireplaces had dropped to 10 and the population had dropped to 70. The estate consisted of 12 hooves. In 1837 there were eleven residential buildings. In 1846 the Urmes table sheet 3751 Groß Rietz already lists a windmill south of Groß Rietz. It is later referred to as Birkholz's living space. The windmill no longer exists today. It stood approx. 50 m south of the property at Groß Rietzer Strasse 15 (Birkholz district). The area of ​​the mill itself is now part of the Groß Rietz district. In 1858 there was a public building, twelve residential buildings and 21 farm buildings in the village itself. In 1864 the social structure of the village is described with seven half-farmers and one Büdner. A farm had been bought up a long time ago and incorporated into the manor. Around 1900 there were 13 houses in the village and four houses in the manor. In 1931 the number of houses had risen to 25. The residential areas Gut Birkholz and Windmühle belonged to the rural community of Birkholz. In 1939 there were five agricultural and forestry holdings with an area of ​​20 to 100 ha, six holdings with an area of ​​10 to 20 ha, ten holdings with a size of 5 to 10 ha and six holdings with areas from 0.5 to 5 ha.

In 1945 the Schrader family's large estate with 420 hectares was expropriated, 397 hectares of which were divided between 59 farm workers (361 hectares) and 36 hectares to six poor farmers. In 1958, the Type I Agricultural Production Cooperative was founded, which in 1960 already comprised 23 companies with 31 members and cultivated 257 hectares of usable area. Another LPG type I founded in the village with 22 companies, 38 members and 184 usable agricultural area was merged with the first LPG type I in 1968 to form an LPG type III. 1973 followed the connection to the LPG Bornow. In 1977 the VEB Kreisbetrieb für Landtechnik Beeskow had a branch in Birkholz.

The manor Birkholz

The outwork, which was very likely built around 1652, was originally located at an angle to the northeast opposite the church in the center of the village. As early as 1840 there were considerations of building a new manor outside the village center and centrally located in the lands of the manor district. With the abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction by 1849, the municipality and the manor district of Birkholz came into being. In 1857 the manor in the center of the village burned down. In the same year, the construction of a new manor with residential and farm buildings as well as an estate park outside the village in the area of ​​Werkstrasse 3 and 17 began. At that time it still belonged to the Groß Rietz estate. In 1861 the estate was sold. In 1858 the Vorwerk included a residential building and three farm buildings. In 1874 the estate belonged to a landowner Heinrich. The general address book names an Alfred Schmidt as the owner for 1879 . From 1882 the estate was owned by the Schrader family, who owned it until 1945. In 1900 the manor district had a size of 440 hectares, 338 hectares of which were arable. It was not until 1928 that the Birkholz manor district was merged with the Birkholz community. In October 1945 the property was expropriated as part of the land reform. The park was renovated in 2005.

Population development from 1774 to 2000
year 1774 1801 1818 1837 1858 1875 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971 1981 1991 2000
Residents 72 70 81 73 143 140 196 157 180 179 270 315 248 230 212 245 220

Political Affiliation

The place belonged to the original Lower Lusatian rule Beeskow , which was pledged in 1518 by Ulrich von Bieberstein to the Bishop of Lebus. In 1556 the pledge was sold on to the Brandenburg (co-) elector Johann von Küstrin . Elector Johann von Küstrin died in 1571 and in 1576 the Beeskow rule (and also the Storkow rule ) finally came to Brandenburg. However, it remained a fiefdom of the Bohemian crown until 1742. With the affiliation to the Kurmark, the Beeskow rule “gradually” left Niederlausitz from 1576 onwards. From the two lordships of Beeskow and Storkow, the Beeskow-Storkowische Kreis was formed in the 17th and 18th centuries and was dissolved in 1815. The area of ​​the former rule Beeskow was connected to the district of Lübben , the area of ​​the former rule Storkow was combined with the Teltowic district to form the Teltow-Storkow district . In 1835 the division of the two dominions was reversed and the Beeskow-Storkow district was created . In a first district reform in 1950 in what was then the GDR, the Beeskow-Storkow district was dissolved again and largely assigned to the Lübben district, the northern part - including Ahrensdorf - came to the Fürstenwalde district . In 1952, this division was largely reversed and the new Beeskow district in the Frankfurt (Oder) district was formed. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Beeskow district was renamed the Beeskow district . In 1992 Birkholz merged with twelve other communities to form the Glienicke / Rietz-Neuendorf office . In 1993 the district of Oder-Spree was formed from the districts of Beeskow, Fürstenwalde , the independent city of Eisenhüttenstadt and the district of Eisenhüttenstadt . On December 31, 2001, Ahrensdorf, Birkholz, Buckow, Drahendorf, Görzig, Groß Rietz, Herzberg, Neubrück (Spree), Pfaffendorf, Sauen and Wilmersdorf merged to form the new municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf. On October 26, 2003, the last two municipalities, Alt Golm and Glienicke, were incorporated into the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf by law. The Glienicke / Rietz-Neuendorf office was dissolved in 2003, and the Rietz-Neuendorf municipality became vacant. Birkholz has been part of Rietz-Neuendorf since 2002. The local advisory board consists of three members; The chairman and mayor is Bernd Schubert.

Church affiliation

Birkholz was a parish village in Sedes Beeskow in 1395, and also in 1495. In 1600 it was a daughter church of Groß Rietz. In 1600 the pastor had 3.5 parish hooves, the church half a hoof.

Monuments and sights

See also the list of architectural monuments in Rietz-Neuendorf # Birkholz

Birkholz village church

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the Oder-Spree district lists a Bronze Age settlement as a ground monument for Birkholz on corridors 3 and 5.

  • The only protected monument is the village church with an enclosure wall . The church building is essentially a medieval rectangular plastered building with a boarded roof tower over the west gable. In the middle of the 18th century and in 1836 it underwent major renovations and renovations. Inside there are five late-Gothic carved figures from the 2nd quarter of the 15th century, two more insignificant younger carved figures, a former predella from the beginning of the 17th century and a painting of Anna von Burgsdorf from the end of the 16th century.
  • Memorial to those who fell in the world wars

Good Hirschaue

Gut Hirschaue is the largest company for the production of game meat in Germany that is managed according to the guidelines of organic farming. Around 1000 animals (fallow deer, red deer, mouflons and Märkische saddle pigs) are kept here in gates. The meat is processed on site. An excursion restaurant and a farm shop are attached. A 3.5 km long hiking trail leads around the gate and an observation tower provides an overview. Carriage rides are offered in the gate. Display and information boards give an overview of fauna and flora.

literature

  • Friedrich Beck : Document inventory of the Brandenburg State Main Archives - Kurmark, 2: Municipal institutions and noble lords and goods. VII, 820 pp., Berlin, Berlin-Verl. Spitz 2002, ISBN 3-8305-0292-3 (also publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archives Potsdam 45) (hereinafter abbreviated to Beck, document inventory with corresponding page number).
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 3, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855 (in the following abbreviated Berghaus, Landbuch, 3 with corresponding page number)
  • George Adalbert von Mülverstedt , Ed .: Collection of marriage foundations and personal commemorative letters of the knightly families of the provinces of Saxony, Brandenburg, Pomerania and Prussia . 360 p., Magdeburg 1863 (hereinafter abbreviated to Mülverstedt, Collection of Marriage Foundations, with corresponding page number).
  • Carl Petersen (Ed. Wolfgang de Bruyn): The history of the Beeskow-Storkow district. Neuenhagen, Findling, 2002 ISBN 3-933603-19-6 (new edition of the 1922 edition).
  • Joachim Schölzel: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IX Beeskow-Storkow. 334 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1989 ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 (hereinafter Schölzel, Historisches Ortslexikon, Beeskow-Storkow, page number).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Birkholz on the website of the municipality of Rietz-Neuendorf
  2. ↑ Main statutes of the community of Rietz-Neuendorf from February 9, 2009 PDF
  3. ^ A b Sophie Wauer (based on preliminary work by Klaus Müller): Brandenburgisches Namenbuch Part 12 The place names of the Beeskow-Storkow district. 269 ​​pp., Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-515-08664-1 , p. 48
  4. ↑ a b c d e Schölzel, Historisches Ortslexikon Beeskow Storkow, pp. 30–32.
  5. ↑ a b Beck, document inventory, p. 524.
  6. ^ Siegmund Wilhelm Wohlbrück : History of the former diocese of Lebus and the country of this taking. Second part. 545 pp., Berlin, self-published by the author, 1829 online at Google Books p. 441.
  7. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. Creutz, Magdeburg 1840, online at Google Books , p. 19.
  8. ↑ Petersen, History of the Beeskow-Storkow District, p. 154.
  9. ^ Beck, document inventory, p. 543.
  10. ^ Mülverstedt, Collection of Marriage Foundations, p. 144 Online at Google Books .
  11. ^ Mülverstedt, Collection of Marriage Foundations, p. 295 Online at Google Books .
  12. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch 3, p. 587 Online at Google Books .
  13. ↑ Mülverstedt, Collection of Marriage Foundations, p. 146 Online at Google Books .
  14. ↑ Groß Rietz Klein Rietz on www.schlossarchiv.de
  15. ^ A b Hans Georg von Redern: On the history of the von der Marwitz family. Regesta, family tables and other materials. 148 p., Carl Heymann's Verlag, Berlin 1879, p. 118.
  16. ↑ a b c Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, supplement to Part 27 of the Official Gazette of July 3, 1874, pp. 12-15. Online at Google Books
  17. ^ Address book for merchants, manufacturers and tradespeople in Brandenburg and Berlin. Verlag C. Leuchs & Comp., Nuremberg, 1877 (Volume 8 of the 31-volume new edition of the large address book of all countries in the world) Online at Goole Books , p. 4.
  18. ↑ Ingrid Reisinger, Walter Reisinger: Well-known, unknown and forgotten manor houses and manor houses in the state of Brandenburg. An inventory. Volume 1. Stapp Verlag, Berlin, 2012 ISBN 978-3-87776-082-6 (p. 231)
  19. ^ Paul Ellerholz: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size (in culture type); your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Postal stations; Breeding of special cattle, exploitation of livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 2nd improved edition, 340 pp., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1885, pp. 174/75.
  20. ^ Ernst Kirstein (editor): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. 4th improved edition, LXX + 321 p., + 4 p., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1903, p. 174/75.
  21. ↑ Reinhold Reichert, Royal Authorities and Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Brandenburg (Ed.): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. Brandenburg Province. 5th completely revised edition. I-LXXXVI (1-86), 376 p., + 24 p. (Location register), Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin, 1910, p. 174/75.
  22. ^ Ernst Seyfert (ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province with details of the property properties, the net income from property tax, the total area and area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators of the Post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and administrative districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons, the manual of the royal authorities as well a map of the province of Brandenburg at a scale of 1: 1,000,000. XLV, 433 pp., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1914, pp. 14/15.
  23. ↑ R. Stricker, with the participation of the authorities and chambers of agriculture (ed.): Handbuch des Grundbesitzes im Deutschen Reiche. Brandenburg Province. Complete address book of all manors, estates and larger farms with details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, as well as the telephone connections, the property property, the property tax net income, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock farming, livestock exploitation, animal breeding and special crops, industrial facilities, courts and administrative districts, along with an alphabetical register of places and persons, an overview of the agricultural and structural conditions of the relevant part of the country, a directory of the agricultural authorities and associations, cooperatives and industrial companies, as well as an exact map. 6th completely revised edition, 296 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1921, pp. 146/47.
  24. ^ Oskar Koehler (arrangement), Kurt Schleising (introduction): Niekammer's agricultural goods address books. Agricultural goods address book of the province of Brandenburg: Directory of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province of approx. 30 hectares upwards with details of property properties, net income from property tax, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial plants and the telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and official districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, one alphabetical place and person registers, the manual of the royal authorities and a map in the scale 1: 175.0000. I-XXXII, 343 pp., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1923, p. 12.
  25. ↑ Joachim Zdrenka: The dispute over Beeskow and Storkow as property of the Pomeranian dukes 1394-1479. Yearbook for Brandenburg State History, 46: 46-69, Berlin 1995 (p. 54)
  26. ^ Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. J. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books (p. 329)
  27. ↑ P. Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. I. Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 238–239.
  28. ↑ Gutspark Birkholz PDF
  29. ↑ Contribution to statistics. State Office for Data Processing State of Brandenburg Statistics. Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.9 District Oder-Spree PDF
  30. ↑ Bernd Schubert
  31. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Landkreis Oder-Spree (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  32. ↑ Georg Dehio (editor Gerhard Vinken and others): Handbook of the German Art Monuments Brandenburg. 1207 pp., Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 (p. 84)
  33. ↑ Barbara Zwenger: Gut Hirschaue - Germany's largest ecological game keeping. Kreiskalender Oder-Spree 2008, pp. 56–66, Beeskow 2007.
  34. ↑ Gut Hirschaue