Brandenberger Ache

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Brandenberger Ache
The quiet Brandenberger Ache before it flows through the Kaiserklamm

The quiet Brandenberger Ache before it flows through the Kaiserklamm

Data
Water code DE : 1814, AT : 2-8-224
location Tyrol , Austria ; 1 km in Upper Bavaria , Germany
River system Danube
Drain over Inn  → Danube  → Black Sea
origin Confluence of the Red and White Valepp near Valepp (Gem. Schliersee , Bavaria )
47 ° 37 ′ 6 ″  N , 11 ° 53 ′ 31 ″  E
Source height approx.  870  m
muzzle near Kramsach in the Inn Coordinates: 47 ° 26 '48 "  N , 11 ° 53' 53"  E 47 ° 26 '48 "  N , 11 ° 53' 53"  E
Mouth height 510  m above sea level A.
Height difference approx. 360 m
Bottom slope approx. 13 ‰
length 27.7 km
Catchment area 282.1 km²
Discharge at the Mariathal
A Eo gauge : 272.6 km².
Location: 2.94 km above the mouth
NNQ (19.01.1980)
MNQ 1976–2010
MQ 1976–2010
Mq 1976–2010
MHQ 1976–2010
HHQ (06.08.1985)
890 l / s
2.53 m³ / s
10.4 m³ / s
38.2 l / (s km²)
158 m³ / s
317 m³ / s
Communities Thiersee , Brandenberg , Kramsach
Natural monument
The Kaiserklamm

The Kaiserklamm

The Brandenberger Ache is a 22 km long left tributary of the Inn in the Tyrolean lowlands . It breaks through the Northern Limestone Alps in several gorges, which represent a valuable habitat for numerous animal and plant species, and has been declared a natural monument.

Run and landscape

The Brandenberger Ache receives water from various streams in the Brandenberger Alps and the Mangfall Mountains in Bavaria . The river that emerges from the red and white Valepp is called Grundache from the German-Austrian border and after the confluence with the Marchbach at the Archduke-Johann-Klause becomes the Brandenberger Ache , which still joins the Bairache , the Weißache , the Ellbach (at Kaiserhaus) and the Steinberger Ache combined. It then flows below the village of Brandenberg and flows into the Inn near Kramsach .

The course of the Brandenberger Ache is special: While other rivers such as the Isar , the Rißbach , the Dürrach or the Ache originate in the Alps and flow north to the edge of the Alps, it takes the opposite route from north to south and cuts through the Northern Limestone Alps towards the Inn. It breaks through the ridges that run in an east-west direction in several deeply carved rock gorges, which alternate with basin-like extensions. It breaks through the Wetterstein limestone in the Kaiserklamm north of Brandenberg and the main dolomite in the Tiefenbachklamm before Kramsach .

The length of the Brandenberger Ache, including the Rote Valepp, which is regarded as the upper reaches, is 33.1 km, from the confluence of the Roter and Weißer Valepp 27.7 km (of which 26.5 km in Tyrolean territory), and from the confluence of the Grundache and Marchbach 23 , 6 km.

Catchment area and water supply

The Brandenberger Ache drains a catchment area of 282.1 km², of which 62.0 km² are in Bavaria. The highest point in the catchment area is the Hochiss at 2299  m above sea level. A.

The mean discharge at the Mariathal gauge, just under 3 km before the mouth, is 10.4 m³ / s, which corresponds to a discharge rate of 38.2 l / s · km². The Brandenberger Ache has a nival discharge regime  with a moderate amplitude. The mean discharge in the month with the most water in May, at 16.2 m³ / s, is around three times higher than in the water-poorest month, January, with 5.26 m³ / s.

ecology

The gorges of the Brandenberger Ache are a valuable habitat for numerous animal and plant species. In 1988 the river was declared a natural monument.

flora

In the bank areas, a narrow strip of alluvial forest grows in places made of trees and shrubs that are adapted to regular flooding, such as gray alder or willows . Above that includes predominantly spruce , Book and fir educated ravine forest of, in exposed areas such as rocky overhangs, there are also yew . Ferns, including the rare deer tongue , orchids such as the great two-leaf and lily plants such as the Turk's League , lily of the valley or the real Solomon's seal can be found in the shady locations . Already partly alpine plant species as there are on the cliffs above the canyon forests Avens , Stemless gentian , globe flower , Hornungia Alpina or Alpine butterwort .

fauna

Along the Brandenberger Ache there are numerous species of birds that are particularly adapted to life in the damp gorges, including dipper , mountain wagtail and wall creeper .

Among the main fish species include brook trout , Koppe and grayling . Occasionally there are also eels that were originally used in the Spitzingsee and migrated downstream with a flood. According to an old hunting law from 1434, the fishery is carried out by the people of Brandenberg.

In a study published by the Austrian Federal Forests in 2016, 800 species of butterflies were found in the Brandenbergtal, including some that were found for the first time in Austria or in Tyrol. Around a quarter are on the red lists as threatened . Biodiversity is an indicator of high air quality.

Water quality

The occurrence of different types of algae and numerous invertebrates such as strudelworms , nudibranchs , river fleas , insect larvae and water beetles is an indicator of clean water. The Brandenberger Ache has water quality classes I-II throughout Tyrol .

use

Holztrift near the Archduke Johann Klause

Wood drift

Due to the abundance of forests in the Brandenberger Valley and its side valleys, the Brandenberger Ache was used for wood drift for centuries ; the oldest reports date back to 1412. The wood was used as firewood in the steelworks in Brixlegg , where silver and copper were mined and processed. Artificial weirs, formerly the Kaiserklause in the Valepp, from 1833 the Archduke-Johann-Klause dammed the water, which was released in one fell swoop and the tree trunks were carried away. In Kramsach, the wood was caught by a rake and pulled ashore at the Holzlände. Up to 35,000 solid cubic meters of wood were transported into the Inn Valley every year. The Holztrift was discontinued in 1966, the Triftsteig, which is partially carved into the rock, is still preserved.

White water sports

The approximately 1 km long Kaiserklamm is popular with kayakers as a challenging white water ( WW IV to V). If the water level is sufficient, the Ache is navigable from the state border to Kramsach.

Power plant plans

In the 1970s the city of Kufstein pursued plans to use the Brandenberger Ache to generate energy. The river would have dammed up at Brandenberg and the water would have been led in a pressure tunnel through the Voldöppberg to the power plant in the Inn Valley. Strong protests by the population in Kramsach and Brandenberg meant that the plans were no longer pursued from 1987 onwards.

Web links

Commons : Brandenberger Ache  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b TIRIS - Tyrolean regional planning and information system
  2. Land Tirol: Hydrographic characteristics
  3. a b Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2010. 118th volume. Vienna 2012, p. OG 111, PDF (12.6 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (2010 yearbook)
  4. a b c d e f g Brandenberger Ache natural monument. In: Tiris . Retrieved February 18, 2016 .
  5. Directory of stream and river areas in Bavaria - Inn river area of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 2.8 MB)
  6. Butterfly Paradise in Brandenberg orf.at, August 17, 2016, accessed August 17, 2016.
  7. Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (ed.): Saprobiological water quality of the flowing waters of Austria. As of 2005. ( PDF; 1 MB ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmlfuw.gv.at
  8. ^ Fritz Ebenbichler: Kramsach in old views. In: bürgerinfo, the Kramsacher community newspaper 5/2007, p. 2 ( PDF; 831 kB )