Meadow bellflower

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Meadow bellflower
Campanula patula near Schöchleins 2012.jpg

Meadow Bellflower ( Campanula patula )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Genre : Bluebells ( campanula )
Type : Meadow bellflower
Scientific name
Campanula patula
L.

The meadows bellflower ( Campanula patula ) is a plant from the genus of bellflowers ( Campanula ) within the family of the bell flower plants (Campanulaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Flowers in detail
Side view of a flower with a green calyx and a blue crown
Habitus

Vegetative characteristics

The meadow bellflower grows as a deciduous, biennial to perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 70 centimeters. The stem is erect. The lower leaves are stalked and obovate, the few upper ones are sessile and linear-lanceolate.

Generative characteristics

A few nodding flowers are grouped together in a loose, paniculate inflorescence . Lateral flower stalks have two bracts above the middle. The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five sepals are fused at their base. The calyx teeth are sub-like and usually twice as long as the capsule fruit. The five purple to blue-violet petals are fused together in a funnel shape up to about the middle of their length of 15 to 25 millimeters. The five corolla lobes are spread out.

The fruit capsule is ovate-cylindrical in the ten protruding nerves.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20 or 40.

ecology

The meadow bellflower is a loosely grassed semi-rosette plant and hemikryptophyte with a strong creeping rhizome .

The flowers of the typical light plant are solemn. Like all bluebells, they are pre-male ( proterandry ), i. H. the stamens develop before the stigma, which largely prevents self-pollination. The Pollination is mainly by bees .

Locations

Campanula patula subsp. patula thrives best on fresh, moist, nutrient-rich meadows , in bushes and their fringes and also in forest clearings with sandy or loamy soils at altitudes from the valley up to 1400 meters. She is a character species of the Arrhenatherion association. In the Allgäu Alps , Campanula patula rises in the Tyrolean part of the Lech above Steeg to an altitude of up to 1130 meters.

Distribution area

Systematics and distribution

Campanula patula was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 163. The specific epithet patula means protruding. Synonyms for Campanula patula L. are: Rapunculus patulus (L.) Fourr. , Neocodon patulus (L.) Kolak. & Serdyuk.

The meadow bellflower is widespread almost all over Europe to Siberia .

Here are the subspecies of Campanula patula and varieties with their distribution:

  • Campanula patula subsp. abietina (Griseb. & Schenk) Simonk. : It occurs from the eastern Carpathians to the northern Balkan Peninsula . Among them are the varieties:
  • Campanula patula subsp. alekovyi Ancev : It only occurs in Bulgaria.
  • Campanula patula subsp. costae (Will.) Nyman : It occurs in Italy , Sardinia and in the eastern Pyrenees .
  • Campanula patula subsp. epigaea (Janka ex Degen) Hayek : It occurs in Southeastern Europe in Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece.
  • Campanula patula subsp. jahorinae (K.Malý) Greuter & Burdet : It occurs in the Austrian to Italian Eastern Alps and in Bosnia-Herzegovina .
  • Campanula patula subsp. patula : It is widespread from Europe to Siberia . In Austria it is very common to often in all federal states.

Common names

For the meadow bellflower there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Fingerhuat ( St. Gallen near Sargans ), Glöggli (St. Gallen in the Lower Rhine Valley ), Klockenblom ( Mecklenburg , Altmark ), Schellen ( Silesia ), Sternblum ( Salzburg ) and Wiesenglöcklin (Silesia).

swell

  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers. Determine accurately with the 3-check. 2nd, revised edition. blv, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-405-15766-8 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Campanula patula L., meadow bellflower. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  895 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 547.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Campanula patula in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  5. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Campanula patula. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 9, 2018.
  6. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 75 ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Meadow Bellflower ( Campanula patula )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • Adriano Bernini, Giancarlo Marconi, Francesco Polani: Campanule d'Italia e dei territori limitrofi. ( Campanulas of Italy and Neighboring Countries ) pp. 1-185. Univ. di Trieste, Italy, 2002.