Cessna CitationJet
| CitationJet | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Type: | Business jet |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
April 29, 1991 |
| Commissioning: |
March 30, 1993 |
| Production time: |
1993–1998: CitationJet |
| Number of pieces: |
more than 300 (CitationJet) |
The CitationJet is a twin -engine business jet from the US aircraft manufacturer Cessna , which is part of the Citation family of aircraft . It was the basis for the more modern variants Citation CJ1 +, CJ2 +, CJ3 and CJ4 .
history
The Cessna CitationJet ( Model 525 ) was planned to replace the Citation and Citation I. It was presented in 1989 and made its maiden flight on April 29, 1991, followed by certification on October 16, 1992 and the first delivery on March 30, 1993. Compared to its predecessors, a super critical wing with a laminar profile , a T-tail unit and an EFIS cockpit have been introduced. The Cessna CJ has the serial numbers 525-0001 to 0359, after which the further developed version CJ1 was built.
The Cessna Citation CJ1 (also known as the Cessna 525 ) was introduced together with the CJ2 in 1998. It replaced the Cessna CitationJet and differs mainly through improved electronics and effectiveness. The CJ1 has been replaced by the revised version CJ1 + . The difference is mainly another revision of the avionics . With the installation of FADEC , the CJ1 + and the larger CJ2 + no longer had thrust deflectors on the engines. Due to these changes, the CJ1 (+) can be flown by one pilot.
The Cessna Citation CJ2 ( Cessna 525A ) was first delivered in 2000. It differs from the CJ1 mainly in length and has a six- instead of five-seat cabin. The CJ2 + version appeared in April 2006. As with the CJ1 +, the avionics in particular have been revised, but the range of the CJ2 + has also been increased. Just like the CJ1 +, the larger version, the CJ2 +, can also be flown by a pilot. Analogous to the numbering of the CJ / CJ1 / CJ1 +, all Cessna 525A with the serial numbers 525A-0001 to 0299 are those of the CJ2 version, all aircraft with higher serial numbers are Cessna CJ2 +.
The Cessna Citation CJ3 ( Cessna 525B ) was announced and presented in September 2002. After its maiden flight on April 17, 2003, it was approved in October 2004. The market launch followed in December of the same year.
The Cessna Citation CJ4 ( Cessna 525C ) completed its first test flight on May 5, 2008. The first production aircraft had its rollout on November 26, 2009. It is the largest model of the CJ series to date, may only be flown by one pilot and is powered by two FJ44-4A with FADEC controls. It has five cabin windows on the left and six on the right. The cockpit is equipped with a Collins Pro Line 21 glass cockpit from Rockwell Collins with four color screens. The air conditioning allows the cabin and cockpit to be controlled separately. The FAA type certification took place on March 24, 2010 and the first delivery took place on April 20, 2010. In June 2019, the 300th copy was delivered.
Cessna 525 CitationJet CJ / CJ1 / CJ1 +
The CitationJet CJ is a twin - engine low -wing aircraft with T-tail that Cessna has been building since 1993. The drive (CJ1 +) is the Williams FJ44-1AP, which generates 8.72 kN (1,961 lbs) of thrust. The CJ1 + version is now being built. The Cessna CJ1 covers the serial number range 525-0360 to 0599. All aircraft of the Cessna 525 series with a higher serial number are aircraft of the standard CJ1 +.
Engine
The Williams FJ44-1AP is a turbofan engine with two-shaft technology, which is controlled by a FADEC , which relieves the pilot in controlling the engines and also protects the engine from damage due to improper handling by controlling the fuel flow via a fuel delivery unit ( FDU) regulates. In the engine, the air is compressed in two compressor sections (fan with a single-stage axial low-pressure compressor and a single-stage radial high-pressure compressor), mixed with kerosene in the combustion chamber and ignited. The expanding hot air drives the turbine (single-stage axial high-pressure and two-stage axial low-pressure turbine). The high pressure (outer hollow shaft) and low pressure components (inner shaft) are connected by these two shafts.
The high-pressure shaft is also connected to the accessory gearbox , to which a hydraulic and oil pump, the FDU and a generator are connected via a transmission . This functions as a starter when the engine is started and sets the high-pressure shaft rotating. The much larger part of the air is accelerated between the engine and the casing (fan on low-pressure shaft), since the FJ44 is a so-called bypass engine (bypass ratio: 3.3 / 1). Most of the thrust (approx. 3/4) in these engines is also generated by the mass of this bypass flow (air through the engine casing). A turbofan engine works more efficiently than a pure turbojet engine, and the mixing of cold bypass flow with hot combustion exhaust gases also reduces noise emissions.
Aircraft control
The Cessna CJ / CJ1 / CJ1 + has primary and secondary control surfaces. The primary control surfaces include the cross , height and rudder . These control surfaces are controlled directly by the pilots via cables. All rudders are equipped with a trim to reduce the forces involved in steering . The secondary controls on the CJ1 include the landing flaps and airbrakes on the top of the wings. These are controlled hydraulically. In addition to the retracted position, the flaps can be moved to 15 °, 35 ° or 60 °. The flap position of 60 ° is only used on the ground to brake the aircraft. When the engines are running at low power, the flap position 60 ° extends the airbrakes at the same time.
fuel
The CitationJets can use various kerosene derivatives, with the standard version JET A-1 being the most common. With this type of kerosene and its specific gravity, the CJ1 can carry a total of 3,446 pounds, of which 3,220 pounds are usable. The two tanks are located in the wings. The fuel enters the combustion chamber via pumps in the tanks and on the engines. Pumping kerosene from one tank to the other to compensate for excessive differences in level is also possible, the maximum difference in the tanks is 200 pounds.
Hydraulics
The CitationJet is equipped with a hydraulic system which, in addition to landing flaps and airbrakes, also retracts and extends the landing gear. The hydraulic pressure is generated by two pumps driven by the engines. In addition, the braking system of the main landing gear has its own hydraulic system.
De-icing systems
The Cessna 525 is approved for instrument flight through icing conditions . Three different anti-icing systems are used for this purpose: engine inlets, wing leading edges and windshields are de-iced by hot compressor air (so-called bleed air ), the elevator is de-iced by inflatable air cushions on the leading edge. There is also a small supply of alcohol for the windscreen, which can be used if the bleed air defrosting system fails. There is also an electrical de-icing system for the angle of attack sensor, the measuring sensors for the static and total pressure. The left wing can be illuminated so that icing can also be detected at night.
meaning
Alongside the Learjet , the Cessna Citation family is the most successful aircraft in its class. Because of its relatively short range, the Cessna CitationJet series is mainly used by companies for short journeys, for example within Germany. Transatlantic flights are possible with intermediate stops. The advantage over comparable aircraft is the short take-off distance, which also enables smaller airports to take off.
Technical specifications
All information relates to the current market version.
General Information
| CJ1 + | CJ2 + | CJ3 | CJ4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | 5 + 2 | 6 + 2 | 5 + 2 | 6 + 2 |
| Runway | 789 m | 908 m | 844 m | 812 m |
| Takeoff route | 991 m | 1024 m | 969 m | 1006 m |
| (New) purchase price | $ 4.755 million | $ 6.37 million | $ 7.487 million | $ 8.763 million |
| crew | 1–2 * | |||
| Operating costs per hour² | $ 976 | $ 1075 | $ 1129 | $ - |
| Engines | 2 × Williams International FJ44 | |||
| Engine version | FJ44-1AP | FJ44-3A-24 | FJ44-3A | FJ44-4A |
* Single Pilot Certified (can also be flown by just one pilot).
² Actual operating costs vary depending on the price of fuel , airport charges, replacement part costs , etc.
Dimensions
| CJ1 + | CJ2 + | CJ3 | CJ4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| length | 12.98 m | 14.53 m | 15.29 m | 16.26 m |
| span | 14.3 m | 15.19 m | 16.26 m | 15.49 m |
| height | 4.19 m | 4.27 m | 4.62 m | 4.67 m |
| Cabin length | 3.35 m | 4.14 m | 4.78 m | 5.28 m |
| Cabin height | 1.45 m | |||
| Cabin width | 1.47 m | |||
| Luggage space | 1.3 m³ | 1.8 m³ | 2.2 m³ | |
Mass information
| CJ1 + | CJ2 + | CJ3 | CJ4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empty mass | 3810 kg | 4400 kg | 4767 kg | 5606 kg |
| Max. Payload | 626 kg | 794 kg | 821 kg | 953 kg |
| Max. Takeoff weight | 4853 kg | 5670 kg | 6291 kg | 7688 kg |
| Max landing mass | 4491 kg | 5228 kg | 5783 kg | 7031 kg |
power
| CJ1 + | CJ2 + | CJ3 | CJ4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max. Cruising speed | 720 km / h | 774 km / h | 772 km / h | 839 km / h |
| Max. Range | 2408 km | 2987 km | 3472 km | 3708 km |
| Service ceiling | 41,000 ft (12,497 m) | 45,000 ft (13,716 m) | ||
| thrust | 2 × 8.74 kN (1965 lbs ) | 2 × 11.08 kN (2490 lbs ) | 2 × 12.54 kN (2820 lbs ) | 2 × 16.01 kN (3400 lbs ) |
See also
Web links
- Official website of the manufacturer
- EASA-TCDS-A.078 (PDF; 144 kB) - Type certification of the 525 (Citation Jet)
- Cessna Citation CJ1 + ( Memento from May 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- Cessna Citation CJ3 +
- Cessna Citation CJ4
Individual evidence
- ^ The Cessna CitationJet, CJ1 & CJ2 , Airliners.net, accessed December 1, 2011
- ^ Successful maiden flight - Cessna Citation CJ4 , Aeromarkt.net, accessed on December 1, 2011
- ↑ FliegerRevue January 2010, p. 7, roll-out of the first series CJ4
- ↑ Approval for Citation CJ4, FliegerRevue May 2010, p. 7.
- ↑ Volker K. Thomalla : Textron Aviation has handed over the 300th CJ4 to a customer. In: Aerobuzz. June 28, 2019, accessed June 28, 2019 .